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Implementation of the risk theory to the law on prevention of family violence
Get PDFДоношењем актуелног Закона о спречавању насиља у породици, у
Републици Србији је створен одговарајући правни оквир за делотворније и ефикасније
превазилажење бројних проблема у заштити жртава тог насиља. Као кључни инстру-
мент њихове заштите, тим законом су прописане хитне мере које могућем учиниоцу
насиља у породици може изређи надлежни полицијски службеник – када у поступку
процене ризика установи да од тог насиља постоји непосредна опасност. Полазећи од
тога да је процена ризика једна од процесних фаза управљања ризиком и од тога да се
хитне мере могу сматрати једним од начина третмана ризика, радом се проблематузује
питање: да ли су, у ком обиму и на који начин, ти елементи теорије управљања ризи-
ком имплементирани у Закон о спречавању насиља у породици? Тако усмереним ис-
траживањем, идентификовани су и у раду научно описани теоријски и релевантним
стандардом утврђени елементи процене и третмана ризика који јесу и који нису, екс-
плицитно или имплицитно, имплементирани у актуелни Закон о спречавању насиља у
породици. На тај начин, радом се указује на потребу и на могућност унапређења док-
трине и праксе спречавања и сузбијања те врсте насиља у Републици Србији.By adopting the current Law on Prevention of Family Violence, in the Republic
of Serbia has created an adequate legal framework to effectively and efficiently overcome
the numerous problems in the protection of the victims of that violence. As a key instrument
for their protection, this law prescribes urgent measures that can be imposed by the
competent police officer to the possible perpetrator of family violence - when in the risk
assessment process he establishes that there is an imminent danger from that violence. Based
on the fact that risk assessment is one of the process stages of risk management and that
urgent measures can be considered as a way of treating risks, the paper deals with questions:
whether, to what extent and in what way, these elements of the theory of risk management
implemented in the Law on Prevention of Family Violence? The synthesis of the results of
the conducted research has determined that the key elements of the assessment and treatment
of risks, as a theoretical and relevant standard of the identified risk management phases, have
been implemented to a significant extent but not fully, explicitly or implicitly in the current
Law on Prevention of Family Violence. In addition, the key elements of risk management that are implemented in the Law are: 1) risk assessment, as a procedure and document (explicit); and 2) noun (concept), identification, analysis, evaluation and risk treatment (implicitly). As risk treatment methods, the reduction, transfer, avoidance and risk control are implemented in the Law. As elements of risk assessment and treatment that are not implemented in the Law, the following are indicated: 1) the use of quantitative and semi-qualitative risk analysis, 2) determining the type and
severity of possible consequences of risks, the likelihood of its occurrence and its overall level,
3) determining the risk threshold, and 4) prioritization of treatment of unacceptable
risks
,,Hard-Core Human Rights’’ in practice of the Constitutional Court of Serbia and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg : Constitutional-Court protection in criminal matter
Get PDFU ovom radu ćemo se osvrnuti na ustavnosudsku zaštitu onih
prava koja spadaju u tzv. „tvrdo jezgro“ ljudskih prava. Naravno, izložićemo i praksu ESLjP o istoj materiji što će nam dati mogućnosti za
određene zaključke. Sagledano u svetlu člana 15. stav 2. EKLjP „tvrdo jezgro“ obuhvata: pravo na život (član 2 EKLjP), zabranu mučenja
(član 3 EKLjP), zabranu ropstva i prinudnog rada (član 4 EKLjP), kažnjavanje samo na osnovu zakona (član 7 EKLjP) i pravo da se ne bude
dvaput suđen ili kažnjen u istoj stvari (član 4 Protokola 7). Ovom prilikom autor se bavi zaštitom prava na život, zabranom mučenja, kažnjavanjem samo na osnovu zakona i postulatom ne bis in idem. Imajući u
vidu da pre ustavnosudske zaštite osnovnih ljudskih prava i sloboda u
krivičnoj stvari dolazi zaštita koju pružaju redovni sudovi kroz primenu sistemskih zakona, u meri u kojoj je to neophodno za ovaj rad, autor
se osvrće i na pojedine odredbe ovih zakona. Osnovna svrha krivičnog prava je zaštita društva od kriminaliteta ali istovremeno ono svojom svrhom ne sme da ugrozi dostignute standarde ljudskih prava. Da
li neke negativne kriminalnopolitičke tendencije, kao što su pojačana represija i krivičnopravni ekspanzionizam, kojima se nastoji da se postigne osnovna svrha ustvari ugrožavaju ljudska prava. Na kraju, autor
zaključuje da kriterijumi koje postavlja Evropski sud za ljudska prava u
velikoj meri proširuju materijalne i procesne garancije i jemstva ne samo u Srbiji, već i u najvećem delu Evrope.In this paper we shall address the Constitutional Court protection
of those rights which are considered the so-called “hard-core human rights”. Naturally, we shall also present the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the same matter, which will make it possible for
us to draw certain conclusions. Observed in the light of Article 15, par. 2
of the European Convention on Human Rights, the “hard core” includes:
Right to Life (Article 2 of the Convention), Prohibition of Torture (Article
3 of the Convention), Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour (Article
4 of the Convention), No Punishment without Law (Article 7 of the Convention) and the Right not to be tried or punished twice (Article 4 of Protocol 7). On this occasion the author deals with the protection of the right
to life, prohibition of torture, no punishment without law and ne bis in
idem principle. Taking into account that the protection offered by regular
courts through application of framework laws precedes the Constitutional Court protection of the basic human rights and freedoms in criminal
matter, the author also addresses, to the extent necessary for this paper, certain provisions of these laws as well. The main purpose of criminal law is to protect society from crime but at the same time this purpose
must not jeopardize the achieved human rights standards. Do some negative criminal-policy tendencies, such as increased repression and criminal-law expansionism, which are aimed at achieving the main purpose
actually jeopardize the human rights? Finally, the author concludes that
the criteria set by the European Court of Human Rights largely expand
substantive and procedural guarantees and warranties not only in Serbia, but also in the majority of Europe
Media Representations and Constructions of Crime, Offenders and Victims : Serbian Cas
Get PDFBy using a content analysis, the author attempts to explore the extent to which the prevailing
media portrayals of crime, offenders and victims distract from factuality of crime in Serbia.
It is argued that crime news is often distorted with the aim to acquire greater “news value”,
or to induce moral panic over specific categories of offenders. The news is commonly
distorted in tabloid press through rather simple albeit well approved means: by exaggerating
the prevalence and dangers of specific forms of crime, portraying extensively certain
uncommon criminal events, causal oversimplification, as well as by over/under/missrepresenting specific categories of perpetrators and victims. Particular consideration is given
to the problems of selective and culturally sensitive attributions of responsibility for crime
and victim blaming, as well as to media portraying of youth violence aiming to induce moral
panic over youth crime and to call forth the harsher response toward juvenile offender
Current Situation and Perspectives of Intelligence : Led Policing Model in the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFThe Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia (MoI RS) is currently implementing
the Intelligence-led Policing (ILP) model in the territory of four police directorates (Novi
Sad, Valjevo, Kraljevo and Leskovac). The starting elements of this approach include
improvement of intelligence function and providing criminal intelligence information to
police management, based on which it is possible to identify security problems and make
adequate strategic and operational decisions directed at prevention primarily. The paper3
analyses the legal framework and organization of ILP and highlights the key principles,
positive experiences and problems occurring during its implementation. Organisational
changes and the application of the basic principles have made influence on more efficient
solving of security problems, primarily prevention. However, time is required for the full
implementation of the model, particularly for the change in the manner of decision-makin
Human Resource Management in the Police : strategic legal basis of career development
Get PDFIn the Ministry of Interior (police), instead of personnel management, human resource management is established. Hence the need for strategic treatment of human resources in the police as the most valuable and most expensive resource that requires long-term planning and management.
An indispensable segment in the process of human resources management is the establishment and implementation of the career development of police officers based on equal opportunities, transparency of procedures and clear criteria for career advancement. This system should lead to an open and healthy competitiveness among police officers based on their competence and achieved results of work, which will ultimately result in the right people being in the right (working) places, as well as their commitment and motivation to work, specialize in their respective fields and in leadership positions.
Career development links and integrates individual and organizational goals and interests, and as such contributes to the professionalisation of the police and the improvement of their quality and responsibility. Organizations predominantly realize their role in development of professional career through the human resources service. New content, new function and a new management modality in the police require a new management style, a new atmosphere and organizational culture, as well as different individual competencies of managers, human resources experts and all employee
Some questions regarding suppression of violent behaviour at sports events or public rallies
Get PDFIn 1985 the Council of Europe in Strasbourg adopted the European
Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at
Football Matches, as a response to numerous sports tragedies at European stadiums. Our
country ratified this Convention in 1990. The violence of fan groups is becoming an
increasingly recognizable phenomenon in Serbia as well. These are the reasons why in 2003
the Law on Prevention of Violence and Misbehavior at SportsEvents was adopted as lex
specialis, which deals with this matter only. At the beginning we have set up a hypothesis
that penal policy for this form of violence is mild. Unfortunately, this hypothesis has also
been confirmed. It is quite prominent that suspended sentences are resorted to, but also the
opportunity of criminal prosecution, regardless of the fact that real jurisdiction for action
related to these criminal acts has been given to higher public prosecution offices and courts
(in other words the legislator has recognized a higher degree of social danger) and the fact
that the penalties provided for by the law are relatively tough. There is a small number of
those who aresentenced to prison. Also, after the analysis of the data we have determined
that in the majority of proceedings conducted for violence at sports events the suspects were
either a player or a coach. Does this mean that the state has pointed a knife primarily at direct
participants in a sports events instead at the supporters? If the research results, which cannot
be considered representative since they have been narrowed down to one administrative
district in Serbia only, are applied to the entire territory of Serbia, we can conclude that
primarily players and coaches are recognized as violators who are given suspended sentences
or are not charged at all. However, in addition to the attitudes of the court practice it remains
disputable if the perpetrators of this crime should be participants in the sports events.Савет Европе je 1985. у Стразбуру усвојио Европску конвенцију о
насиљу и недоличном понашању гледалаца на спортским приредбама, посебно на
фудбалским утакмицама, као одговор на многобројне спортске трагедије на европским
спортским стадионима. Наша држава је ратификовала исту 1990. Насиље навијачких
група постаје све препознатљивији феномен и у Србији. Из тих разлога донет је 2003,
као lex specialis, Закон о спречавању насиља и недоличног понашања на спортским
приредбама који се бави само овом материјом. На почетку смо поставили хипотезу да
је казнена политика за овај вид насиља блага. Нажалост, та хипотеза је и потврђена.
Уочљиво је прибегавање условним осудама, али и опортунитету кривичног гоњења,
без обзира што је стварна надлежност за поступање по овим кривичним делима додељена
вишим јавним тужилаштвима и судовима (значи од законодавца је препознат
већи степен друштвене опасности) и што су законом запрећене релативно високе казне.
Мали број је оних који бивају осуђени на казне затвора. Такође, након анализе
података утврдили смо да је у већини поступака, вођених због учињеног насиља на
спортским приредбама, осумњичени играч или тренер. Да ли то значи да је држава
своју оштрицу усмерила првенствено према непосредним учесницима спортске приредбе
уместо
према
навијачима?
Ако
се
резултати
истраживања,
које не мора бити репрезентативно
јер смо га сузили на један управни округ у Србији , примене на целу
територију Србије, можемо закључити да су као насилници првенствено препознати
играчи и тренери који бивају осуђени условно или не буду уопште оптужени.
Meђутим, и поред ставова судске праксе, остаје спорно да ли извршилац овог кривичног
дела
треба
да
буде
учесник
спортске
приредбе
Legal determination and protection of a business secret in Serbian legislation
Get PDFIn the scientific public there is often an opinion that the issue
of corporate espionage, as a very widespread weapon of modern economic warfare, is not of greater relevance. Business entities, faced with market changes, competition and customer
demands, are trying to protect their ideas, information, products, since the goal of modern business is to conquer the market and achieve competitive advantage at the corporate level,
that is economic domination at the global level. On the other hand, the identification of the economic potentials of the
state and business systems is also dealt with by certain interest
groups, foreign governments and criminal factors. By adopting
the Law on Protection of Business Secrets, the need to protect
business secrets was emphasized, legal certainty was achieved,
and the possibility of doing business and investing funds in the
research, development and supply of information that could
bring economic benefits or development was achieved. In this
paper, the author deals with the conceptual determination of
business secrets, considering the conditions that must be met in
order for some information to be treated as a business secret.
Business secrets, as the right of intellectual property, include
property value, not property character, based on the principle
of confidentiality and the prevention of unfair competition.
The possibility of filing an action for breach of business secrets has been introduced, as well as a strict criminal policy for acting in violation of the law, in the sense of responsibility for a commercial offense. On the example of a partnership
between the Italian company FIAT and the Government of the
Republic of Serbia, the author points to the importance of the
confidentiality agreement as a successful instrument for the
protection of important business data
Politika upravljanja ljudskim resursima kao faktor sistema policijskog obrazovanja
Get PDFRadi zadovoljavanja stalno rastućih potreba za specifičnim i ograničenim ljudskim znanjima i sposobnostima, većina savremenih policijskih organizacija uspostavila je i kontinuirano razvija odgovarajući sistem policijskog obrazovanja. Jedan od ključnih faktora kvaliteta i uspešnosti funkcionisanja tog sistema, svakako je i politika upravljanja ljudskim resursima u policiji. Polazeći od toga, rad je rezultat istraživanja u okviru kojeg su identifikovani, naučno opisani i objašnjeni ključni elementi sadržaja politike upravljanja ljudskim resursima u policiji i visok nivo mogućnosti njihovog uticaja na uspostavljanje i kvalitet funkcionisanja sistema policijskog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji. Kao najznačajniji među očekivanim pozitivnim efektima tog uticaja, istraživanjem su utvrđeni: 1) visok nivo usaglašenosti radnih profila zaposlenih u policiji i obrazovnih profila budućih zaposlenih koji se za potrebe policije obezbeđuju u sistemu policijskog obrazovanja i 2) visok nivo povezanosti tog sistema sa politikom zapošljavanja i karijernog razvoja zaposlenih u policiji. Rezultatima istraživanja je takođe utvrđeno da je, posredstvom tih efekata politike upravljanja ljudskim resursima u policiji, moguće značajno uticati i na viši nivo profesionalizacije policije, kao i na dugoročnu održivost i uspešnost sistema policijskog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji
Specifične karakateristike Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici
Get PDFThe current Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence basically regulates the organization, goals and manner of acting of competent state authorities and institutions in preventing this type of violence and in protecting victims and supporting victims of this violence in the Republic of Serbia. Experiences of competent police officers, prosecutors and judges acquired during their specialized training and nine-month practical implementation of the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, confirmed some of the specific characteristics, but also pointed out some problems in the implementation of the Law. Starting from this, the research whose results were presented in the work was aimed at identifying, systematizing and scientifically describing the characteristics of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence that are of particular importance for understanding its essence and for its effective and efficient implementation. The results of such directed research, as particularly important characteristics of this Law, have been identified in the paper as well: 1) targeted the Law on preventive action (prevention) and higher level of expertise of officials for the application of protection of victims of violence (protection), 2) formalization of the risk assessment procedure and pronouncement of urgent measures (processing), 3) the statutory law (competence) cooperation and coordination of activities between competent authorities and institutions in its implementation (integration). Such a conception of legal solutions, conditions have been created to overcome some of the previously expressed problems of preventing domestic violence. The most significant of these are: 1) the problem of 'dark figures' as a consequence of the absence of reporting and processing of domestic violence, 2) the problem of legal and security vacuum in the protection of victims, 3) the problem of insufficient competence and the lack of cooperation between providers of prevention of domestic violence and 4) the problem of overlap and / or gap in the structure of responsibility for the protection of victims of this violence.Aktuelnim Zakonom o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici načelno su uređeni organizacija, ciljevi i način postupanja nadležnih državnih organa i ustanova u sprečavanju te vrste nasilja i u zaštiti žrtava i u podršci žrtvama tog nasilja u Republici Srbiji. Iskustva nadležnih policijskih službenika, javnih tužilaca i sudija stečena tokom njihove specijalizovane obuke i u njihovoj devetomesečnoj praksi sprovođenja Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici, ukazala su na neke od specifičnih karakteristika tog Zakona. Polazeći od tih iskustava, istraživanje čiji su rezultati prezentovani u radu bilo je usmereno na to, da se identifikuju i sistematizuju karakteristike Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici koje su od posebnog značaja za razumevanje njegove suštine, a time i za njegovo efektivno i efikasno sprovođenje. Rezultatima tako usmerenog istraživanja prezentovanim u radu, kao posebno značajne karakteristike tog Zakona, opisane su: 1) težišna usmerenost Zakona na preventivno delovanje (prevencija) i na zaštitu žrtava nasilja (protekcija), 2) formalizacija postupka procene rizika i izricanja hitnih mera (procesuiranje), i 3) propisanost višeg nivoa stručnosti lica za vođenje postupka (kompetetnost) i obavezne koordinacije aktivnosti između nadležnih organa i ustanova u primeni Zakona (integracija)