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Разрешавање идентитета и груписање дигиталних доказа о осумњиченима применом технологија препознавања лица и система софтверских интелигентих агената заснованог на неаксиоматском резоновању : докторска дисертација
Get PDFThe work of criminal police in modern society is characterized by the proliferation of data
and information to be processed, greater demands for restrictions on personal data, increased public
monitoring, and higher expectations in the efficiency of detecting perpetrators, but still lack
resources, both human and material. One of the more complex tasks is to resolve the identity, the
change of which seeks to cover up criminal activities, i.e., the perpetrator himself, who is on the run.
In order to resolve the identity, it is necessary to group and present all available evidence
related to specific persons. The thesis proposes a clustering approach by comparing pairs of face
feature vectors extracted from images created in unconstrained conditions and based on reasoning
using non-axiomatic logic and graphs. Face clusters will be the central points around which data
from various police reports will be grouped. A system model has also been proposed in which
software agents will play a significant role, primarily in connecting the distribution environment
points formed in practice by police information systems.
The clustering approach was experimentally tested with six different face image databases
characterized by the fact that they were created in a way that simulates unconstrained conditions.
The obtained results of the proposed solution are compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The
results showed that the approach gives similar but mostly better results than the others. What gives a
notable advantage over other methods is the possibility of using mechanisms from non-axiomatic
logic such as revision and deduction, which can be used to acquire new knowledge based on
information from different system nodes, or in the local knowledge base, respectively.Рад криминалистичке полиције у савременом друштву одликује пролиферација
података и информација које треба обрађивати, већи захтеви за ограничењима у раду са
личним подацима, појачани надзор пре свега јавности, већа очекивања у ефикасности
откривања извршилаца кривичних дела, али и даље недостатак ресурса, како људских тако и
материјалних. Један од сложенијих задатака јесте разрешавање идентитета чијом променом
се настоје прикрити криминалне активности, односно сам извршилац који је у бекству.
Да би се разрешио идентитет, потребно је груписати и презентовати све расположиве
доказе везане за одређене особе. У дисертацији је предложен нови приступ кластеровању
поређењем парова вектора одлика лица екстрахованих из слика насталих у неконтролисаним
условима, а заснован на резоновању применом неаксиоматске логике и графова. Кластери
слика лица представљају централне тачке око којих се групишу подаци из различитих
полицијских извештаја. Такође је предложен модел система у коме ће значајну улогу имати
софтверски агенти, пре свега у повезивању тачака дистрибуираног окружења које у пракси
формирају полицијски информациони системи.
Нови приступ кластеровању је експериментално испитан са шест различитих база
података лица карактеристичних по томе што су креиране на начин којим се симулирају
неконтролисани услови. Добијени резултати предложеног решења су упоређени са осталим
врхунским методама. Резултати су показали да приступ даје приближне, али углавном боље
резултате од осталих. Оно што даје посебну предност у односу на остале методе јесте
могућност коришћења механизама из неаксиоматске логике попут ревизије и дедукције,
помоћу којих се могу стицати нова знања на основу информација из различитих нодова
система, или у локалној бази знања, респективно
Asymptotic Properties and Application of GSB Process : A Case Study of the COVID‐19 Dynamics in Serbia
No full textThis paper describes one of the non-linear (and non-stationary) stochastic models, the GSB (Gaussian, or Generalized, Split-BREAK) process, which is used in the analysis of time series with pronounced and accentuated fluctuations. In the beginning, the stochastic structure of the GSB process and its important distributional and asymptotic properties are given. To that end, a method based on characteristic functions (CFs) was used. Various procedures for the estimation of model parameters, asymptotic properties, and numerical simulations of the obtained estimators are also investigated. Finally, as an illustration of the practical application of the GSB process, an analysis is presented of the dynamics and stochastic distribution of the infected and immunized population in relation to the disease COVID-19 in the territory of the Republic of Serbia
Modeling of aero pollutants distribution at accidents of IT support for early response : doctoral dissertation
Get PDFEkološka bezbednost pojedinca, zajednice, nacije kao i globalna bezbednost životne sredine sve više je ugrožena. Pretnje su višestruke i uglavnom su proizvod ljudskih aktivnosti. Zagađenje vazduha, vode, zemljišta, ozonskog omotača i rizik od velikih ekoloških akcidenata prisutni su širom sveta. Zbog toga potreba zaštite vazduha od zagađenja, obezbeđenje kvaliteta života i očuvanje ekološkog potencijala životne sredine postaje jedan od imperativa razvoja savremenog društva. Sprečavanje zagađenja, saniranje već zagađenog vazduha, a time i vraćanje životne sredine u njeno izvorno stanje, zahteva preduzimanje i sprovođenje niza aktivnosti. U osnovi tih aktivnosti jeste poznavanje izvora emisija zagađujućih materija i njihovih specifičnosti.
Otklanjanje posledica emisije štetnih gasova je deo procesa upravljanja rizikom koje imaju za cilj praćenje krizne situacije, obnavljanje i sanaciju životne sredine, vraćanje u prvobitno stanje, kao i uklanjanje opasnosti od mogućnosti ponovnognastanka udesa.
U doktorskoj disertaciji, dato je obrazloženje predmeta istraživanja, navodeći aktuelnost i doprinos istraživanja u oblasti primene modelovanja kod emisije opasnih materija u akcidentnim situacijama. Danas postoji više modela koji omogućavaju proračun prizemne koncentracije aerozagađenja u oblasti izvora zagađenja. Smatra se da postoji oko 120 modela različitog nivoa složenosti i namene. Modelovanje može da nađe primenu kao osnovni matematički alat podrške pri ranom reagovanju i upravljanju s ciljem preciznog vremenskog upozorenja i postupanja, čime bi se sprečilo ugrožavanje velikog broja ljudi, živog sveta, imovine, životne sredine i prirodnih resursa. Predmet disertacije daje rešenje za dva izražena problema kod akcidentnih situacija. Prvi problem se odnosi na proračunavanje širenja ekscesnih aerozagađenja u kojima se emituju enormne količine opasnih supstanci u atmosferu, a drugi problem je adekvatna podrška ljudima koji po prirodi posla prvi reaguju na akcidentne situacije rizikujući pri tome i svoje živote.
Kao rezultat disertacije je i softversko rešenje koje omogućava prepoznavanje intenziteta, obima i posledica opasnosti od strane onih koji reaguju na akcident, čime bi bila unapređena njihova efikasnost u smislu zaštite zdravlja i života ugroženog stanovništva.
U naučnom smislu disertacija daje doprinos u praćenju kretanja aerozagađenja na celokupnom kontaminiranom prostoru posle akcidenta kao i da proceni krajnje domete zagađenja.The ecological security of the individual, the community, the nation as
well as the global security of the environment is increasingly endangered. The
threats are multiple and are mainly the product of human activities. Degradation of
air, water, soil, the ozone layer and the risk of major environmental accidents are
present around the world. Therefore, the need to protect the air from pollution,
ensure the quality of life and preserve the ecological potential of the environment is
becoming one of the imperatives for the development of modern society. Prevention
of pollution, remediation of already polluted air, and thus return of the environment
to its original state, requires undertaking and implementation of a series of
activities. The basis of these activities is the knowledge of the sources of emissions
of pollutants and their specifics.
Eliminating the consequences of harmful gas emissions is part of the risk
management process aimed at monitoring the crisis situation, restoring and
rehabilitating the environment, restoring it to its original state, as well as
eliminating the danger of the possibility of an accident recurrence.
In the doctoral dissertation, an explanation of the subject of research is given,
stating the topicality and contribution of research in the field of application of
modeling in the emission of hazardous substances in accident situations. Today,
there are several models that allow the calculation of the ground concentration of
air pollution in the area of pollution sources. It is estimated that there are about 120
models of different levels of complexity and purpose. Modeling can be used as a
basic mathematical tool to support early response and management with the aim of precise time warning and action, which would prevent endangering large numbers
of people, wildlife, property, environment and natural resources. The subject of the
dissertation provides a solution to two pronounced problems in accident situations.
The first problem refers to the calculation of the spread of excessive air pollution in
which enormous amounts of dangerous substances are emitted into the atmosphere,
and the second problem is adequate support for people who are the first to react to
accident situations at the risk of their lives.
As a result of the dissertation, there is a software solution that enables the
recognition of the intensity, scope and consequences of the danger by those who
react to the accident, which would improve their efficiency in terms of protecting
the health and life of the endangered population.
In the scientific sense, the dissertation contributes to monitoring the movement of
air pollution in the entire contaminated area after the accident, as well as to assess
the final reach of pollution
Traces of Fire in Cases of Car Self-Ignition
Get PDFКриминалистичко-форензичка обрада аутомобила који су горели је специфично подручје криминалистичке технике
због тога што је трасолошка ситуација битно другачија од оне
која се среће приликом истраживања других догађаја и кривичних
дела. Због релативно малог простора аутомобила и релативно
велике густине и запаљиве моћи горивих материјала који се у
њему налазе, брзина развоја и снага пожара на таквим возилима
може бити врло велика. То доприноси да многи трагови који би
могли указивати на могући узрок и начин настанка пожара, могу
бити у великој мери или у потпуности уништени. Имајући у виду
ту опасност, али и пролазност и непоновљивост неких појава,
веома су важни брз излазак на лице места и брзо гашење пожара,
праћење и снимање развоја пожара, као и уочавање његових
карактеристика. При томе, треба имати у виду да је у оваквим
ситуацијама могућност доказивања персоналним изворима доказа
сведена на минимум, због чега се криминалистичке истраге морају
заснивати на материјалним доказима прибављеним током увиђаја.
Циљ овог рада је да укаже на специфичне трагове у случајевима самозапаљења возила, и то када је пожар избио у простору око
мотора и у кабини возила.Criminal-forensic treatment of burning cars is a specific
area of forensic technology due to the fact that the traceology situation
is significantly different from that encountered when investigating other
events and crimes. Due to the relatively small space of the car and the
relatively high density and flammability of the combustible materials
contained in it, the speed of development and fire power on such vehicles
can be very high. This contributes to the fact that many traces that could
indicate the possible cause and manner of the fire can be largely or
completely destroyed. Having in mind that danger, but also the transience
and unrepeatability of some phenomena, it is very important to quickly
go to the scene and quickly put out the fire, monitor and record the
development of the fire, as well as notice its characteristics.
The aim of this paper is to point out specific traces in cases of vehicle
self-ignition, when a fire broke out in the area around the engine and in
the vehic le cabin. Specific traces were specially analysed, indicating
that the fire broke out under the hood of the vehicle while the hood was
in the closed position. These traces can be found on the outer surface of
the hood, on the edges of the hood, on the inner surface of the hood and
on electrical installations under the hood.
The seal-like burns indicates that the fire started inside, under the
closed ho od. This trace is actually a “painted pattern” of the hood
construct ion on its outer surface. Also, the smoke halo (ring) was
analysed as a trace that excludes the possibility of the existence of
combustion accelerators, but also the possibility that the exterior of the
engine cover is the place where the fire occurred. The smoke halo (ring)
indicates that the hood was in the closed position at the time of the fire,
because if it had been in the open position, this trace would not have
occurred. Finally, traces were analysed that indicate that the centre
of the fire is in the cabin of the vehicle, with special reference to the
lower burning limit on the door and the lower side edges of the vehicle.
Namely, in these places there is almost always unburned combustible matter ( paint and varnish) with clear burning limits, which are not
interrupted vertically. These parts are caught in the fire only at the end,
and unburned combustible matter in these places indicates that the fire
started inside the vehicle cabin
Sprint Running, Agility and Anaerobic Endurance: Standards for the Students at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies
Get PDFResolving critical incidents can be extremely physically demanding for police officers.
Consequently, throughout the selection process, training, and working career, police officers’
physical abilities are often assessed with a battery of tests. Research has been conducted with a
total sample of 523 students (232 female and 291 male) at the University of Criminal Investigation
and Police Studies (UCIPS), with the aim of defining the norms for Linear sprint performance at
20 m (LSP20m),
Illinois agility test (IAT) and Shuttle run 300-yard (ShR300y). The homogeneity
of the results has been established by the low skewness and kurtosis coefficient, as well as by the
values obtained from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, meaning the data are not significantly statistically different from the normal distribution. Based on the percentile distribution, qualitative and
quantitative normative values have been defined for LSP20m, IAT and ShR300y. The achievement
levels have been ranked as follows: < P10 (insufficient), P10 to P25 (poor), P25 to P50 (fair), P50
to P75 (good), P75 to P90 (very good) and > P90 (excellent). LSP20m, IAT and ShR300y tests can
be used for assessing acceleration, running speed and change-of-direction speed in the anaerobic
work regime. Furthermore, they correspond to the first stage of critical incidents resolution –
getting to the problem
(hence can be viewed as job-related fitness tests). Since population norms have
been established, their implementation in the battery of tests for the assessment of UCIPS students’ physical abilities in the sense of running tests can be quantitatively applied at the situational
system of testing of Specialized Physical Educatio
One Aggregated Approach in Multidisciplinary Based Modeling to Predict Further Students’ Education
No full textIn this paper, one multidisciplinary-applicable aggregated model has been proposed and verified. This model uses traditional techniques, on the one hand, and algorithms of machine learning as modern techniques, on the other hand, throughout the determination process of the relevance of model attributes for solving any problems of multicriteria decision. The main goal of this model is to take advantage of both approaches and lead to better results than when the techniques are used alone. In addition, the proposed model uses feature selection methodology to reduce the number of attributes, thus increasing the accuracy of the model. We have used the traditional method of regression analysis combined with the well-known mathematical method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This approach has been combined with the application of the ReliefF classificatory modern ranking method of machine learning. Last but not least, the decision tree classifier J48 has been used for aggregation purposes. Information on grades of the first-year graduate students at the Criminalistics and Police University, Belgrade, after they chose and finished one of the three possible study modules, was used for the evaluation of the proposed model. To the best knowledge of the authors, this work is the first work when considering mining closed frequent trees in case of the streaming of time-varying data
War operations in kosovo and metohija and southern serbia 1689 – 1690 : review of serbian military history
No full textУ раду су приказана борбена дејства током
операција аустријских снага у Јужној и Старој Србији и
Маћедонији током јесени 1689. и пролећа 1690. године. Учињен
је покушај да се што тачније реконструишу операције, битке
и бојеви зараћених страна на основу османске, аустријске,
млетачке, дубровачке и српске грађе и постојеће литературе
Prohibition of trafficking in human beings under the auspices of human rights
Get PDFРад који следи посвећен је сагледавању забране трговине људима са аспекта људских права. Почетна теза је да се трговина људима не може свести само на кривичноправни аспект, већ да је нормирањем ове забране унутар устава и међународних уговора из области људских права овај институт позициониран хијерархијски на највиши ниво правног поретка. У раду се у првом делу сагледава правни оквир, превасходно међународноправни, те потом уставноправни. У другом делу се анализирају одлуке Европског суда за људска права и Уставног суда Републике Србије. Анализа одлука коришћена је као основ за теоријско уобличавање најважнијих аспеката забране трговине људима као категорије људских права. Посебан акценат у раду стављен је на сагледавање позитивних обавеза држава преузетих ратификовањем међународних уговора из области људских права и материје борбе против трговине људима.The following work is dedicated to the consideration of the prohibition of human trafficking from the aspect of human rights. The initial thesis is that human trafficking cannot be reduced only to the criminal law aspect, but that by standardizing this prohibition within the constitutions and international treaties in the field of human rights, this institute is positioned hierarchically at the highest level of the legal order. In the first part of the paper, the legal framework is examined, primarily international law and then constitutional law. The second part analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia. The analysis of courts` decisions was used as a basis for the theoretical formulation of the most important aspects of the prohibition of trafficking in human beings as a category of human rights. Special emphasis was placed on the consideration of the positive obligations of the states undertaken by the ratification of international treaties in the field of human rights and the matter of the fight against human trafficking
The naissance of forensics in Serbia
Get PDFThe Serbian police gradually implemented scientific methods in legal proceedings and determinately kept up with the world in the application of the latest scientific achievements. The first step in this field was made by establishing the State Chemical Laboratory in 1859, which performed various expert analyses of evidence for the purpose of criminal investigation. Educa-tion in forensic medicine performed at the Faculty of Law starting from 1863 provided conduct-ing forensic medical and anatomical pathological investigations, as well as histopathological and bacterial examinations. The same as in other European countries, starting from 1897, pho-tography in Serbia was used in the investigation of criminal events in the penal system. So-called „Bertillonage“, based on anthropometry and also accepted worldwide as a reliable method for identification of criminals, was introduced in Serbia in 1904 when the Anthropometric Police Department was established. As soon as the methods of classification of the fingerprints were developed, dactyloscopy was advocated in Serbia and practiced in the Anthropometric Police Department since 1912. The developments interrupted by the Great War continued after its end. The Department of Technical Police established in 1921 in Belgrade and with jurisdiction on the entire state territory successfully performed its main task: it took care of photographing criminals and other dangerous persons, registered criminals and was a forensic-medical labora-torium. The analysis of birth and youth of forensic methods in Serbia will be performed in this paper in order to indicate that regarding forensic development Serbia in the 19th and early 20thcenturies was not outside the European mainstream as well as it is not today