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The extreme right in Serbia and risk of right-wing тerrorism
Get PDFОд пада режима Слободана Милошевића, сведоци смо све гласнијег и отворенијег деловања екстремно десничарских група, које својом идеологијом изазивају контроверзе у јавном и приватном животу Србије. По дефиницији, тероризам је незаконита употреба или претња употребом силе или насиља против појединаца или имовине у циљу убеђивања или застрашивања владе или друштва да постигну политичке или идеолошке циљеве. Десничарски тероризам се јавља као реакција на перципиране домаће идеолошке, верске и етничке непријатеље. Својим досадашњим деловањем у Србији у последњих двадесетак година разни сегменти радикалне деснице (политичке странке, клерофашистички, националистичких и нацистичких неформалних и неформалних група, као и паравојних формација) испољио је превише прилика импребега-насилности на једној страни. Друштвено-економско и културно окружење Србије у великој мери доприноси популаризацији и пролиферацији екстремно десничарских идеја и покрета. Политичка и економска криза, живо сећање на недавно изгубљене ратове, појачавају осећај горчине и незадовољства тзв. „губитници транзиције“, који кривце траже у спољним факторима и окрећу се популизму, заосталим црквеним круговима, анахроним идејама „свете савлије“ и „популизма“, а појединци чак и шовинизму, антисемитизму и расизму. националистичке и нацистичке неформалне и формалне групе, као и паравојне формације) су у више наврата показале да њихово прибегавање насиљу није безначајно. Друштвено-економско и културно окружење Србије у великој мери доприноси популаризацији и пролиферацији екстремно десничарских идеја и покрета. Политичка и економска криза, уз живо сећање на недавно изгубљене ратове, појачавају осећај горчине и незадовољства тзв. „губитницима транзиције“, који кривце траже у спољним факторима и окрећу се популизму, заосталим црквеним круговима, анахроним идејама „светосавља“ и „популизма“, а појединци чак и шовинизму, антисемитизму и расизму.Since the fall of Slobodan Milošević’s regime, we have witnessed ever more open and frequent actions by extreme right-wing groups, which have provoked controversies in public and private life in Serbia. Terrorism, by definition, represents the unlawful use or threat of use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives. Right-wing terrorism normally appears as a reaction to perceived domestic ideological, religious, and ethnic enemies. With their activities in the last twenty years, different segments of the radical rightpolitical parties, clerical fascist, nationalist and national socialist formal and informal groups, as well as paramilitary formations – have demonstrated that they can resort to violence. The socio-economic and cultural ambient of Serbia significantly contributes to the popularization and proliferation of extreme right ideas and movements. The political and economic crisis, accompanied by the recent lost wars, amplify feelings of bitterness and discontent of the, so-called, ”losers of the transition”, who blame foreign factors and turn to populism, reactionary and anachronistic church circles and political ideas, whilst some of them find comfort in chauvinism, anti-Semitism and racism. Controversial situations such as the exclusion of Serbia from a solution for the Kosovo issue, approaching the EU without tangible economic benefit, the Pope’s arrival to Serbia, membership in NATO, and positive discrimination towards minorities (especially homosexuals) could be the circumstances, i.e. ”trigger events”, that might incite further radicalization of the extreme right
Counter-rebellion actions
Get PDF„Арапско пролеће” је указало на то да су оружане побуне и
даље актуелан безбедносни проблем широм света. Самим тим, актуелизовало се и моделовање противпобуњеничких дејстава као одговора државе на опасност коју оружана побуна представља за безбедност државе и њених грађана. Анализом оружане побуне могу се установити њена генеза и слабости у организацији и методици побуњеника, што представљају полазну основу за моделовање противпобуњеничких дејстава представљених у раду. Противпобуњеничка дејства, према понуђеном моделу, изводе се сузбијањем и гушењем оружане побуне. Сузбијање оружане побуне се спроводи у свим фазама развоја побуне, а обухвата низ нерепресивних активности од којих су најзначајније политичке, дипломатске, медијске и безбедносне. С друге стране, гушење оружане побуне се може спроводити само у касној другој фази и током треће фазе развоја побуне, а обухвата групу репресивних активности, као што су демонстрирање силе на подручју захваћеном побуном, изолација подручја захваћеног побуном, примена репресивних мера према руководству побуне и противпобуњеничка операција.An armed rebellion is a political struggle combined with mass armed violence, led by a social group gathered around common interests against the
current government with the aim of changing the government or obtaining some
concessions from it, without any attempt to achieve the same by legal (institutional)
means. Rebels take various forms of action to achieve their goals. Independently or
in combination, forms of action have their own evolution, going from the organization of the movement to overthrowing the legal government through three stages.
Counter-rebellious actions can be defined as a set of measures, procedures, and activities undertaken by the legal government of the country, with the forces available,
on its own territory, against internal armed rebellion. They are performed by suppressing, and subduing the armed rebellion. Actions of suppressing the armed rebellion
are carried out in all stages of the rebellion development, while the activities of subduing the rebellion are carried out in the late second and during the third phase of the
rebellion development.
Suppression of an armed rebellion is a set of countermeasures of a country
that can, in an efficient manner, partially or completely, eliminate or reduce reasons
for an armed rebellion occurrence, or minimize its effect. These measures are directed primarily towards the rebellious population in order to gain their trust and increase loyalty to the state. Suppression of armed rebellion is carried out with a series of
activities, the most significant of which are political, diplomatic, media and security.
Political activities for the suppression of armed rebellion may be divided into
three groups: 1) measures for restoring degraded political-legal and social system in
the area where there has been an outbreak of the rebellion (offensive measures); 2)
measures to stop the migration of the loyal population from the area of the rebellion
outbreak (defensive measures), and 3) other policy measures (neutral measures).
Diplomatic activities are a set of measures and activities of the state, primarily
on foreign policy, which affect the internationally important factors that have influence on the improvement or deterioration of the country’s position in the global
(world) geopolitical or geostrategic plan. The goal of these activities is to gain support of internationally important centres of power to run counter-rebellion actions or
direct the political (diplomatic) activities of these centres against the objectives and
modus operandi of the rebels.
Several goals are accomplished by media activities: 1) creation of a positive
image in the international community about the state that has a problem with the
rebellion; 2) breaking the ideological homogenization of the rebels; 3) discrediting
the political and military leadership of the rebellion, and 4) stopping the migration of
loyal population from the areas affected by the rebellion and improving the overall
demographic picture of the area.
Security activities within the execution of counter-rebellion actions include
suppression of specific criminal acts committed for political motives, that threaten
the internal or external security of the country, as well as all criminal activities that
are carried out for ideological or political reasons within or outside the country. The counter-rebellion actions are performed in order to detect and eliminate the secessionist occurrences endangering the security and territorial integrity of the country. The
main tasks performed to achieve such a defined objective are weakening the rebel
movement, breaking the ideological homogenization of rebels and discrediting the
political and military leadership of the rebellion.
Subduing the armed rebellion is the use of police forces that break off the rebels, break down their resistance by force, take repressive measures against participants in the rebellion, and take repressive measures against political and military
leadership of the rebellion. However, in the long run, subduing the rebellion cannot
solve the developed crisis, but only provide time for application of measures for
suppressing the rebellion. Subduing the armed rebellions is carried out by a series of
police actions of which the most significant are the demonstration of force; isolation
of the affected areas, use of repressive measures against the leadership of the rebellion and execution of counter-rebellion operations.
Demonstrating the power is intended to intimidate rebels and the population
that supports them, paralyzing the desire for rebellion, enters disbelief, discouragement, defeatism and thus compels them to make concessions or abandonment of the
idea that their goals can be achieved with armed violence against the state and its
institutions.
Isolation of the affected area is performed by operations and procedures that
cut off rebel forces in a particular area from their background (if possible, from the
population that supports them) and the rest of the rebel forces.
The application of repressive measures against the leadership of the rebellion
is performed by deprivation of liberty of persons who are the political and military
organizers and leaders of the rebellion. A measure carried out within the subduing
the armed rebellion can only be effective as a part of a broader planned action that
will use the results of the confusion that arises among the rebels after the apprehension of leaders.
Counter-rebellion actions. The concept of a counter-rebellion action could look like this: military forces ”hermetically” close the frontier of neuralgic area in the
width of one to three kilometers; combined police and army forces search the terrain
according to principle find – arrest or neutralize (contact); a part of army units (task
forces) conduct training activities (mobile camps) near the regions of the search;
police forces (space and maneuver) control communication with the permanent
security checkpoints, and are ready for blocking the region, setting up ambushes and
searching the area; fast-moving army and police units (intervention forces) are placed
in certain regions in constant readiness for action (by invitation); a unique command
that commands through the commands of sectors consolidates the command over
forces
Characteristics of neuromuscular function of top karate-athletes of different specialization
Get PDFOsnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju neuromišićne karakteristike karatista različite specijalizacije. Pošlo se od činjenice da takmičari u katama i borbama, u prvoj fazi obuke prolaze kroz jedinstveni trenažni proces, da bi u kasnijem periodu došlo do spontane diferencijacije pod uticajem raznih faktora i usmeravanja prema preferentnim takmičarskim disciplinama. Zahtevi takmičarske discipline uslovaljavaju određene specifičnosti u ispoljavanju kretnih zadataka zbog čega je spoljašnja slika karate tehnike različita kod ove dve grupe sportista. Ovom studijom ispitivane su karakteristike vrhunskih takmičara u katama i borbama, primenom testova opšte motorike, specifične motorike i testova za procenu neuromišićne funkcije u različitim režimima mišićnog naprezanja. Baterija testova specifične motorike obuhvatala je različite varijante izvođenja udarca gjaku zuki, kao najreprezentativnije tehnike karate sporta. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata utvrđene su razlike između ispitivanih grupa sportista, kao i povezanost dinamičkih i kinematičkih karakteristika udaraca sa varijablama opšte motorike i neuromišićne funkcije u svim ispitivanim režimima. Takmičari u katama pokazali su bolje rezultate u testovima opšte motorike i testovima za procenu neuromišićne funkcije. Rezultati razlika kinematičkih i dinamičkih karakteristika udarca potvrdili su drugačije izvođenje tehnike takmičara u katama i borbama. Naime, takmičari u katama pre započinju pokrete u svim posmatranim tačkama, ostvaruju veće ugaone brzine u zaglobovima lakta i kolena, ali takmičari u borbama imaju veću maksimalnu brzinu šake. U istraživanju je dobijen veći broj veza koje su očekivane s obzirom na relativnu bliskost prirode motoričkog ispoljavanja u svim testiranim subprostorima. Međutim, izostanak nekih očekivanih veza, kao i negativni predznaci povezanosti ukazuju na postojanje nekih nelogičnosti i koordinacijskih grešaka koje su ispitanici ispoljavali prilikom izvođenja udaraca. Dobijeni rezultati u ovoj studiji nameću potrebu za organizovanjem novih istraživanja u pravcu valorizacije biomehaničkih vrednosti primenjenih modela tehnike u karateu.The main goal of this research was to examine neuromuscular characteristics of karate athletes of different specialization. The basis for the research was the fact that the competitors in katas and combats in the first phase of training elapse through unique training process in order to get a spontaneous differentiation under the influence of various factors in the later period. The requirements of competitive discipline are conditioning some specificities in expression of motional tasks wherefore the external image of karate technique is different at this group of athletes. The characteristics of top competitors in katas and combats are examined by this study to determine the neuromuscular functions in different testing regimes. The battery of tests of specific motion included different variants of the performance of a kick gjaku zuki , the most representative technique of karate sport.On the basis of the research results differences among the examined groups of athletes have been established, as well as the relationship between dynamic and kinematic characteristics of the kicks with the variables of general motorics and neuromuscular function in all the examined regimes. Competitors in katas have shown better results in the tests of general motorics and the tests for neuromuscular function assessment. The results of differences between kinematic and dynamic characteristics of kicks have confirmed different technique performance among kate and combat competitors. Namely, kate competitors start their movements earlier in all the observed points, they achieve bigger angle speed in elbow and knee joints, but the combat competitors have maximal hand speed. In the research more relationships than expected have been found, taking into consideration the similar nature of motoric expression in all the tested subpositors. However, the absence of some expected relationships, as well as the negative indicators of these relationships show that there are some illogical and coordination errors, which were expressed by the examinees during their performance. The obtained results in this study impose the need for organizing new researches in direction of biomechanical values of implemented karate technique models valorization
Mesto i uloga žrtve u kriminalističkim istragama silovanja
Get PDFRape is one of the most traumatic forms of victimization and in most cases its emotional consequences exceed the effects of physical trauma. It is therefore important that crime investigators should be especially careful when dealing with victims and the negative experiences the victims have suffered, showing sensitivity to their needs. Crime investigators who are compassionate and sincere, who provide comfort, can create a positive atmosphere in which the victims are likely regain the sense of control over their lives and actions and decide to assist in the investigation. This applies to all criminal offences, but is particularly true in the investigation of rape cases. A rape victim can provide crucial evidence of the criminal offence and the perpetrator. It is the victim in most cases who reports the act of sexual violence and gives a statement regarding the event itself and the perpetrator. Still, the fact that there is a high percentage of rape cases that go unreported requires special tactfulness and skilful crime investigation aimed at persuading the victims to cooperate, in the first place by reporting such criminal of- fences and their potential perpetrators. On the other hand, the cases of false rape reports and staged rape cases call for caution in the criminal investigations, in order to avoid double hazard - distrust of the victim's claims and possible secondary victimization in the case of actual rape and prosecution or possible conviction of innocent persons as rapists. The paper discusses the basic aspects of the victim's role in the criminal investigations of rape, starting from reporting the criminal offence and its perpetrator (taking into account the reasons for failure to report and staging rape), followed by the forensic and medical examination of the victim, to the interview with the victim, which is a particularly complex stage of the investigation.Silovanje je jedna od najtraumatičnijih formi viktimizacije, kod koje u većini slučajeva emocionalne povrede prevazilaze posledice fizičkih trauma. Zato je važno da kriminalista bude posebno pažljiv prema žrtvi i negativnom iskustvu koje je doživela, te da ima sluha za njene potrebe. Kriminaliste koji su saosećajni, iskreni i koji joj pružaju utehu mogu stvoriti pozitivnu atmosferu u kojoj će ona povratiti osećaj kontrole nad svojim životom i postupcima i odlučiti da pomogne u istrazi. To važi za istrage svih krivičnih dela, ali posebno za slučajeve istraga silovanja. Žrtva silovanja je nosilac krucijalnih materijalnih dokaza o izvršenom krivičnom delu i učiniocu, ona je ta koja u većini slučajeva prijavljuje nasilnu obljubu i daje iskaz o samom događaju i njegovom učiniocu. Ipak, činjenica da u praksi postoji visok procenat neprijavljenih silovanja zahteva posebnu taktičnost i veštinu kriminaliste kako bi žrtvu naveo na saradnju, u prvoj instanci da prijavi krivično delo i potencijalnog izvršioca. S druge strane, slučajevi lažnog prijavljivanja i fingiranja silovanja ukazuju na oprez u kriminalističkim istragama kako bi se izbegla dvostruka opasnost - u slučaju stvarno izvršenog silovanja nepoverenje u tvrdnje žrtve i njena sekundarna viktimizacija, odnosno optužba i eventualna osuda nevinih lica kao silovatelja. U radu su obrađeni osnovni aspekti uloge žrtve u kriminalističkim is- tragama silovanja, od same prijave krivičnog dela i učinioca (uz razmatranje razloga neprijavljivanja i fingiranja), preko forenzičko-medicinskog pregleda žrtve, sve do kriminalističkog razgovora (intervjua) sa žrtvom, kao posebno kompleksnog dela istrage
Značaj međunarodne saradnje zemalja Dunavskog regiona za razvoj i bezbednost Srbije i Evrope - pravni i geopolitički aspekti
Get PDFInternational cooperation, on regional, interstate and local level, is essential for development of the countries in the Danube region. Besides, Serbia is a member in several regional initiatives - Central European Initiative - CEI, Southeast Cooperation Initiative - SECI, South-East European Cooperation Process - SEECP, Cooperation Process on the Danube, etc. Of great importance for Serbia and the region is adoption the EU Danube strategy, which is expected during next year. According to the Danube strategy, the Danube countries will be involved in joint projects with the aim of environmental protection, socio-economic development, as well as development of tourism, education, etc.Za razvoj podunavskih zemlja veoma je važna međunarodna saradnja na evropskom - regionalnom, međudržavnom i lokalnom nivou. Zbog toga su evropske zemlje pokrenule nekoliko inicijativa i programa međunarodne saradnje. I Republika Srbija je članica nekoliko regionalnih inicijativa, i to: Centralnoevropske inicijative - CEI, Inicijative za saradnju u jugoistočnoj Evropi - SECI, Procesa saradnje na Dunavu i drugih. Od velikog značaja za Srbiju i region je i usvajanje Dunavske strategije Evropske unije. Prema Dunavskoj strategiji Evropske unije, podunavske zemlje će biti uključene u zajedničke projekte u cilju zaštite životne sredine, društveno-ekonomskog razvoja, kao i razvoja turizma, obrazovanja, itd. Ovim međunarodnopravnim ugovorima daje se osnov za unapređenje, zaštitu i razvoj nacionalne (pre svega ekološke i ekonomske) bezbednosti zemalja potpisnica, ali i bezbednosti međunarodnog regiona
Different methods for fingerprint image orientation estimation
No full textOrientation field as a global feature of fingerprints is very important in automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS). In fact the overall performance of fingerprint recognition process largely depends on it's accurate estimation. The subject of this paper is to present different methods for fingerprint image orientation estimation, including novel one based on multiscale approach
Fitting Univariate Distributions to Computer Network Traffic Data Using GUI
No full textThe available literature is not completely certain what type(s) of probability distribution best models computer network traffic. The statistical analysis presented in this paper aims to show the implementation of graphical interface for fitting univariate distributions to authentic network traffic data. The analysis is realized in Matlab based GUI, using distribution fitting tool
Тransnational companies as the globalization-bearers and a dynamic factor of the international economic development
No full textУ светлу нових тенденција у светској привреди, познатој као
транснационализација, у раду је дата анализа појава великих глобалних предузећа,
транснационалних компанија (ТНК), која својим пословним активностима које
преносе ван граница матичне земље и преко својих страних филијала, остварују
улоге најзначајнијих носилаца страних директних инвестиција (СДИ) и глобалног
раста, постајући све доминантнији учесници - субјекти међународних економских односа. Растући економски значај ТНК, ширење, мотиви и начин пословања,
у раду су разматрани у оквиру анализе ефеката међународних токова кретања
капитала, као одлучујућег фактора процеса економске глобализације. Како би се
свеобухватније анализирали различити аспекти процеса транснационализације
земаља у свету и ТНК, рад истиче неопходност примене квантитативних
показатеља – индекса, међусобно корелираних, у описивању дубине и сложености
овог процеса.In the light of the latest efforts of the world economy, better known as the
process of transnationalization, the analysis of transnational companies (Tncs) has been
given in the paper; the huge global enterprises doing business in several countries with
their international activities represent the most important bearers of the foreign direct
investments (Fdis) and global growth becoming much more than dominant participants in internationl economic relations. The growing economic importance of Tncs, its
spread, motives and way of doing business, are considered within the scope of the analysis
of effects of international capital flows, as a determining factor of the process of economic
globalization. in order for different aspects of the process of transnationalization of both
countries in the world and Tncs to be comprehensibly analysed, the paper underlines
the necessity of application of qualitative measures – indices that are mutualy correlated
providing deep understanding and complexity of such a process
Technological innovations in crime scene photography
No full textPhotography is the most objective way to present scenes from reality. For legal purposes it has been used since 1839. Crime scene photography
is an accurate reproduction of the crime scene or traffic accident using photographic techniques. It is often said “a picture is worth a thousand words”.
Today there are two types of images: analog and digital.
Analog (conventional) images are obtained by using an analog camera to
record light from the lens to the film. The film is then in the laboratory, the
so-called darkroom developed into negative images which are used for creating positive images on the paper, known as a print. These two processes are
chemical processes.
Digital cameras create an image by electronic sensors. Instead on a film, photographic image is stored on a magnetic device (media). All phases of the
making of photography (capture, processing and storage) are available in a
digital camera. It can also be captured by a mobile phone. The development
of that type of photography was enabled by the development of personal
computers.
Digital photos introduce into the crime scene photography more technological innovation such as digital camera, memory cards, and software for
film post-processing, the use of computers, scanners and printers and the
ability to shoot short sound movies.
Police forces in different countries of the world have different views on the
use of digital photography. There are many reasons for pros and cons. The
advantages of using digital photography in crime scene and traffic accidents
photography are: more images than on a film, the ability to view recorded images immediately after shooting and send them instantaneously as an e-mail
message. To print them, only the printer is needed. Those who are against the
use of digital photography state that there is more chance to manipulate the
images; the price of the digital cameras and necessary equipments (accessories) is much higher; the sensitivity on the viruses and problems with storage
is ever present, i.e. there is a problem concerning persons who will keep and
have the right to access these photographs.
The conclusion is that the digital photography will replace analog photography very soon not only because of technological innovations, but also because the production of analog cameras and films are stopped and factories
are closed every day
Posebni oblici oduzimanja dobiti stečene kriminalom
Get PDFConfiscation has existed in the domestic legal system for more than half a century. Considering limitations in practical implementation of this principle, especially in the context of fighting against organized crime, the domestic legislator has recently offered new solutions for 'criminal property' confiscation in the form of criminal property confiscation procedure regulated by a special law. In this sense, this paper analyzes the specific characteristics of organized crime phenomena, which require a different approach compared to the standard solutions in this area, criticizing such solutions, as well as the state of the local law and practice that preceded the adoption of the above mentioned regulation. The author concludes that criminal property confiscation may be considered as a desirable instrument in the fight against organized crime, whereby we should be careful in creating the related normative and legal framework, thus avoiding numerous negative effects that may challenge its creators. He also points out the international element that has significant influence in the design and practical implementation of the national models.Oduzimanje imovinske koristi postoji već više od pola veka u domaćem pravnom sistemu. S obzirom na ograničene domete u praktičnoj primeni ovog instituta, a naročito u kontekstu borbe protiv organizovanog kriminala, domaći zakonodavac je nedavno ponudio nova rešenja za oduzimanje 'kriminalne imovine', u vidu instituta oduzimanja imovine stečene kriminalom, uređenog posebnim zakonom. U tom smislu, u radu se analiziraju specifičnosti pojave organizovanog kriminala koje zahtevaju drugačiji pristup u odnosu na standardna rešenja u ovoj oblasti, a zatim iznose kritike u vezi s takvim rešenjem, kao i stanje u domaćem pravu i praksi koje je prethodilo donošenju pomenutog propisa. Autor zaključuje da se oduzimanje kriminalne dobiti može smatrati poželjnim instrumentom u borbi protiv organizovanog kriminala, pri čemu treba biti pažljiv u stvaranju pripadajućeg normativno-pravnog okvira, kako bi se izbegle brojne negativnosti kojima mogu podleći njegovi kreatori. Takođe, ukazuje na međunarodni element koji ostvaruje značajan uticaj u kreiranju i praktičnoj primeni nacionalnih modela