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Ocena ugroženosti i zaštita od poplava bujičnih vodotoka na teritoriji grada Smedereva
Get PDFOn Smederevo territory around 30 torrential floods are registered and their general condition is alarming. Along with the growth of urbanization some of them are induced into sewer systems and rain collectors, which are mostly inappropriate in size to receive a lot of water. Their common characteristics are disorderliness of watershed and worrying ecologic condition of river beds (vegetation, dumps). That is the reason of frequent torrential floods, which make great damages to settlements and economy. When assessing endangerments of floods, influence of range of natural and anthropogenic factors must be analyzed as well as consequent damages. The town of Smederevo implements integral defense from floods on the whole municipal territory, both for the areas which are endangered by torrentials without protective systems and for the areas endangered by systematic watercourse. In order to reduce the damages made from torrential floods it is necessary to anticipate and realize the works by operational plans every year, to specify the flood zone, forbid every sort of construction and determine spaces for building future retentions by the General urban development plan.Na teritoriji grada Smedereva evidentirano je oko trideset bujičnih vodotoka i njihovo opšte stanje je alarmantno. S razvojem urbanizacije neki od njih su uvedeni u kanalizacione sisteme i kišne kolektore, koji su uglavnom nedovoljnih dimenzija za prijem velikih voda. Njihove zajedničke karakteristike su neuređenost sliva i zabrinjavajuće ekološko stanje rečnih korita (vegetacija, deponije). Zbog toga su česte bujične poplave, koje nanose velike štete naseljima i privredi. Pri oceni ugroženosti od plavljenja moraju se analizirati uticaji niza prirodnih i antropogenih činilaca, ali i nastale štete. Grad Smederevo sprovodi integralnu odbranu od poplava na celoj teritoriji opštine, kako za područja koja ugrožavaju bujični vodotoci bez zaštitnih sistema, tako i za prostor ugrožen uređenim vodotocima. Da bi se smanjile štete nastale od poplava bujičnih vodotoka potrebno je operativnim planovima svake godine predvideti i realizovati određene radove, Generalnim urbanističkim planom Smedereva precizirati plavne zone, zabraniti svaku vrstu gradnje u njima i odrediti prostore za gradnju budućih retenzija
Pojavni oblici ekološkog kriminaliteta u agrobiznisu
Get PDFThe environment represents our surrounding from which numerous capacities essential for normal functioning of living things are derived. Main, long-term goal of agribusiness is to ensure sufficiently stabile production of quality food, and at the same time to preserve essential natural resources, protect the environment and improve the life of individuals and of the broad community. For this purpose numerous measures are implemented which sometimes create new problems facing the human population in increasingly severe form and which, in addition to the expected positive impacts, also have numerous, long-term negative impacts on agro-eco systems. Today, the society is faced with increasingly complex environmental/ ecological problems which occur as the result of inadequate use of agro and zoo technical measures in agricultural production, as well as the result of their actions contrary to the 'code of good agricultural practice'. The vulnerability ranges from the mildest forms within the limits of tolerance, to the worst forms expressed to greater extent, where the consequences are manifested in form of ecological/environmental offenses. Wide range of forms of environmental crime endangers the environment with the negative impact on human life and health. This form of crime, compared to other forms, is far more dangerous since it can destroy the national economy, lead to spreading of different diseases and extinction of rare species of flora and fauna.Životna sredina predstavlja okruženje iz koga se crpe brojni kapaciteti za normalno funkcionisanje živih bića. Osnovni, dugoročni cilj agrobiznisa je da obezbedi dovoljno stabilnu proizvodnju kvalitetne hrane, uz očuvanje osnovnih prirodnih resursa, zaštitu životne sredine i poboljšanje života pojedinca i šire zajednice. Za te svrhe ljudi koriste brojne mere koje ponekad stvaraju nove probleme sa kojima se čovečanstvo suočava u sve oštrijoj formi i koje pored očekivanih pozitivnih imaju brojne dugoročno negativne efekte u agroekosistemima. Danas se društvo sve više susreće sa složenim ekološkim problemima koji se javljaju usled neadekvatne upotrebe agro i zootehničkih mera u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, kao i usled njihovog postupanja suprotno 'kodeksu dobre poljoprivredne prakse'. Dijapazon ugroženosti kreće se od najblažih oblika u granicama tolerancije, do najtežih oblika izraženih u većem obimu, gde se posledice manifestuju u vidu ekoloških delikata. Širok spektar pojavnih oblika ekološkog kriminaliteta ugrožava životnu sredinu sa negativnim uticajem po život i zdravlje ljudi. Taj vid kriminaliteta, u poređenju sa drugim vidovima, je daleko opasniji, jer može uništiti nacionalnu ekonomiju, proširiti razne bolesti i dovesti do istrebljenja retkih vrsta flore i faune
Principi i standardi borbe protiv trgovine ljudima u Republici Srbiji
Get PDFThere is no sense in idealizing and reducing to a stereotype the structure of solving this security issue, but on the other hand, this is a necessity for reasons of methodology and didactics, and for a more comprehensive assessment of the aspects and shapes of activities taken in this respect, the assessment of their adequacy and efficiency, and finding ways to improve them. Combating trafficking in human beings thus includes in principle: preventing the occurring, eradicating the volatile consequences and sanctioning and control of the leaders in the act of jeopardizing and improving the position of the victims. The more or less post-offence character of formal social control results in neglecting the fact of social benefit and appropriateness of preventing and timely detection of trafficking in human beings. The effectiveness of the crime prevention system must primarily be aimed at eradicating the causes and conditions of this phenomenon appearing, persisting and development (prophylaxis) and cutting its roots in the first stages of development (proactive effect), as opposed to eradicating the consequences. This would give action on tackling trafficking in human beings a preventive character.Trgovina ljudima je zabranjena međunarodnim i nacionalnim pravom, pa se kontroliše prvenstveno kriminalnom i kaznenom politikom, odnosno akcijama suprotstavljanja: sprečavanjem nastanka, odgovorom na nastali problem i otklanjanjem posledica. Pri tom se svakako mora zadovoljiti pravna sigurnost, kako građana tako i žrtava i izvršilaca krivičnih dela i prekršaja u vezi sa ovim zločinom. Time se u okviru suprotstavljanja trgovini ljudima izdvaja nova dimenzija, a to je pravilno sagledavanje položaja žrtava, uvažavanje njihovih potreba i zaštita od potencijalne, naknadne viktimizacije. Besmisleno je idealizovati i šablonizovati strukturu rešavanja ovog bezbedno- snog problema, ali je to, s druge strane, poželjno iz metodoloških i didaktičkih razloga, radi sveobuhvatnijeg sagledavanja vidova i oblika aktivnosti koje se s tim u vezi preduzimaju, ocene njihove adekvatnosti i efikasnosti i iznalaženja rešenja za njihovo unapređenje. Tako suprotstavljanje trgovini ljudima principijelno obuhvata: - sprečavanje nastanka, odnosno prevenciju trgovine ljudima; - otklanjanje štetnih posledica i sankcionisanje i kontrolu nosilaca ugrožavanja, odnosno suzbijanje trgovine ljudima i - unapređenje položaja žrtava, odnosno zaštitu, pomoć i podršku žrtvama trgovine ljudima. Pretežno postdeliktni karakter formalne socijalne kontrole za posledicu ima zane- marivanje činjenice društvene korisnosti i svrsishodnosti sprečavanja nastanka i pravovremenog otkrivanja trgovine ljudima. Delovanje sistema bezbednosti moralo bi prvenstveno da bude usmereno ka otklanjanju uzroka i uslova nastanka, opstanka i razvoja ovog fenomena (tzv. profilaksa) i njegovom 'presecanju' u početnim fazama razvoja (tzv. proaktivno delovanje), a ne ka otklanjanju posledica. To bi akcijama suprotstavljanja trgovini ljudima dalo prevashodno preventivni karakter
Motivacioni modeli serijskih seksualno motivisanih ubistava
Get PDFThere are various motives of committing a criminal act. When we talk about homicide, we need to say that it can be the result of huge number of motives, first of all, revenge, blood feud, material gain, jealousy, political motives, sexual motives, etc. The authors present motivational model of multiple-serial killers, and pay attention on factors which contribute that a person becomes a serial killer. First of all, they focus on influence of inadequate social environment, events during childhood, model of responsibility and operations directed to others and us.Polazeći od velikog broja determinanti koje mogu uticati na neko lice da izvrši seriju seksualno motivisanih ubistava, autori u radu vrše analizu motivacionih modela, kojima se nastoji dati odgovor na pitanje zašto jedno lice postane učinilac serije takvih krivičnih dela. Pri tome, posebnu pažnju su usmerili na motivacioni model koji su Berdžes i njegovi saradnici koristili u objašnjenju seksualno motivisanih ubistava i model kontrole traume koji je definisao Hiki (Hickey). Na kraju, s ciljem objektivnijeg sagledavanja ubistava, date su kratke informacije o motivacionom spektru koji su Revič i Šlezindžer koristili za klasifikaciju serijskih ubistava
Između kvalitativne i kvantitativne metodologije - utemeljena teorija
Get PDFThe paper presents the foundations of the grounded theory method, which is one of the orientations of qualitative methodology, which originated in the USA in the 1960s. First of all, it highlights the essentially different meanings of the word 'theory' in European (continental) thought and American empirical sociology. The appearance of grounded theory is connected to the crisis of positivist paradigm in social science, particularly with its boiling down to a school pattern: 'research question - hypothesis - empirical testing - conclusion, i.e. accepting or rejecting or a hypothesis.' Grounded theory does not start with a hypothesis leading towards facts, but the other way round: researchers observe a research phenomenon intensely, make notes, talk with participants, and then research the empirical materials in order to set assumptions on regularities, conditioning and possible causal effects of the research phenomenon, and finally test the assumptions in the course of a new wave of research.U radu se izlažu osnove metoda utemeljene teorije, jednog od pravaca kvalitativne metodologije, koji je nastao šezdesetih godina XX veka u SAD. Najpre se ukazuje na bitne razlike u značenju reči 'teorija' u evropskoj kontinentalnoj misli i američkoj empirijskoj sociologiji. Pojavljivanje utemeljene teorije povezuje se sa krizom pozitivističke paradigme u društvenoj nauci, naročito sa njenim svođenjem na školski šablon: 'istraživačko pitanje hipoteza empirijsko testiranje zaključak, tj. prihvatanje ili odbacivanje hipoteze'. Utemeljena teorija ne polazi od hipoteze ka činjenicama, već obrnuto: istraživači intenzivno posmatraju istraživanu pojavu, sačinjavaju beleške, vode razgovore sa učesnicima, pa potom proučavanjem te empirijske građe postavljaju pretpostavke o pravilnostima, uslovljenostima i eventualnim uzročnostima u izučavanoj pojavi, a onda te pretpostavke testiraju u novom talasu istraživanja
Computer adaptive tests: A comparative study
No full textComputer based tests are becoming increasingly important and are thus implemented in all fields of education. The clear advantage of computer adaptive testing is witnessed by the maximal balance of accuracy and efficiency. For purposes of determining the effects of applying the computer adaptive test for knowledge evaluation, the adaptive test was realized in the MATLAB software package. The research was done at Subotica Tech - College of Applied Sciences (Subotica, Serbia) with students from the Department of Informatics. The MATLAB application was compared with two computer adaptive tests with a similar purpose: testing student's knowledge of programming languages. The comparison was done for the four basic components that every computer adaptive test has to have: item bank, starting point, item selection algorithm and stopping rule
Diskreciona ovlašćenja policije
Get PDFThis paper is dedicated to the discretionary evaluation of policing. Under the rule of law, administration is as a rule associated activity and only exceptionally it is an independent activity. These exceptions are necessary to predict clearly and interpret narrowly. Discretionary evaluation also belongs to the rule of law, because it is also established by the law which gives it a framework. This is particularly important in terms of policing with respect to their powers, and the place and role of this organ within the public administration. Deciding according to the discretion must not be arbitrary and it is not just a willing action by the police, but the application of law. The area in which discretionary evaluation is realized is bounded by the principle of legality and expediency. Therefore, this paper has its true meaning and significance to point out the importance of creating an environment and conditions of the rule of law and genuine respect for the principle of legality in which the police will exercise its powers.Ovaj rad posvećen je diskrecionoj oceni u radu policije. U pravnoj državi uprava je po pravilu vezana, a samo izuzetno slobodna delatnost. Te izuzetke je neophodno jasno predvideti i usko tumačiti. Diskreciona ocena je pod vladavinom prava, jer i nju pravo ustanovljava i daje joj okvire. To je posebno važno sa aspekta rada policije s obzirom na njena ovlašćenja, kao i mesto i ulogu tog organa u sistemu državne uprave. Odlučivanje po diskrecionoj oceni ne sme da bude i nije samovoljno postupanje policije, nego primena prava. Područje u kojem se realizuje diskreciona ocena omeđeno je načelom zakonitosti i celishodnosti. Zato ovaj rad ima svoj pravi smisao i značaj da ukaže na važnost stvaranja ambijenta i uslova pravne države i istinskog poštovanja principa zakonitosti u kojima će policija primenjivati svoja ovlašćenja
Jedna prakticna realizacija multifunkcionalog antihakerskog alata
No full textThe paper discusses the multi-function antihacking tools and the best combination of which would constitute a means to protect the computers systems. The idea is that the synthesis of certain groups as simple hacking tools with a tools for viewing network traffic to ensure that the one place that can supervise and protect the flow of the data on computer networks, particularly the Internet. This application is simple to use and practical because it uses free and open source tools
