Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
Jakov - Repository of the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, BelgradeNot a member yet
2025 research outputs found
Sort by
Sumanene and its adsorption properties towards CO, CO2 and NH3 molecules
No full textDensity functional theory calculations were used in the theoretical investigation of the adsorption properties of sumanene towards molecules considered as common air pollutants: CO, CO2 and NH3. The insignificant perturbation of sumanene after adsorption and the adsorption energies obtained indicate a physisorption mechanism. It was shown that, contrary to carbon nanotubes, sumanene is able to adsorb CO molecules, and that adsorption of CO2 by sumanene is stronger than adsorption of CO2 by C-60. To better understand the adsorption characteristics of sumanene, density of states and natural bond order analyses were performed, which showed that chemical interactions exist and that these are more important mostly on the convex side. Better adsorption properties were obtained for the concave side as adsorption is dictated by physisorption mechanisms due to the specific bowl-shaped geometry of sumanene, because of which more negative charge is located precisely on the concave side. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces were also used in order to better locate the adsorption sites and gain additional details about adsorption
Forensic analysis and modelling of characetristics of crater emerged from thesurface explosion of brisant explosive
Get PDFПоследњих деценија, велики број недозвољeних активности спроводи се изазивањем експлозија. Наиме, ефекте експлозије користе терористи за изазивање страха и панике међу становништвом уз људске жртве, материјалну штету, уништавање и онеспособљавање стратегијски важних објеката и сл. као и извршиоци других кривичних дела (изазивање опште опасности, убистава, тешких крађа и др.) када се експлозија користи за савлађивање препрека при проваљивању у куће, станове и друге просторије, за отварање сефова, за сврхе застрашивања појединаца са или без наношења телесних повреда и сл. Ефекти експлозије су вишеструки – као последица бризантног, фугасног, топлотног, парчадног и сеизмичког дејства и углавном се манифестују различитим оштећењима на подлози и околним објектима. Бризантно дејство експлозије изражено је дејством у непосредном окружењу пуњења, и то у виду кратера или отвора у случају површинских експлозија. Од полиције и судских вештака суд тражи одређивање узрока експлозије, те изучавање ефеката експлозије добија на значају. Очекивани допринос овог рада је у области форензичко инжењерство. У прилог оправданости истраживања дата је анализа случајева подметања и активирања експлозивних средстава са последицама у периоду од седам година (2000.-2006.) на територији Републике Србије. Активирање експлозивних средстава било да је у питању намера или нехат изазива штетне последице по околину, те је значајан сваки допринос у прецизнијем утврђивању узрока експлозије на основу трагова, у овом случају кратера. Са форензичког аспекта оштећење у виду кратера је значајно због могућности процене масе коришћеног експлозива за конкретну експлозију, проналажење делова експлозивног средства, узорковање експлозива из кратера ради одређивања врсте експлозива, проценеIIIначина иницирања и др. Димензије и облик кратера су у веома тесној вези са масом и врстом коришћеног експлозива. У досадашњој пракси одређивање масе употребљеног експлозива вршено је коришћењем емпиријских једначина, што није давало апсолутно поуздане резултате. У раду је дат преглед постојећих четрнаест једначина за прелиминарну процену масе експлозива на основу карактеристика кратера и њихова провера кроз резултате конкретних експерименталних експлозија као и вредности одступања од експеримената...In recent decades a large number of illegal activities are performed with the use of explosion. Namely, explosion effects are used by terrorists in order to cause fear and panic among the population along with human victims, material damage, destruction and disabling of strategically important facilities, etc., as well as by the perpetrators of other criminal offences (causing of general danger, murders, aggravated thefts, etc.) when the explosion is used to overcome obstacles when breaking into houses, apartments and other premises, opening the safe deposit boxes and for intimidation of individuals with or without causing bodily injuries, etc. Explosion effects are multiple – as the consequences of brisant, gaseous, heat, fragmentation and seismic effects, and are mostly manifested in various damages on the surface and surrounding propertys. The brisant effect of the explosion is visible in the immediate surroundings of the charge, mostly in the shape of a crater or a hole in cases of surface explosions. The court requests from the police and the experts to determine the exact cause of an explosion, so studying of explosion effects becomes more important. The expected contribution of this paper is in the area of forensic engineering. The analysis of cases of planting and activation of explosive devices, along with their consequences, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period of seven years (2000 – 2006), was provided as a support to the justification for this research. Activation of explosive devices, whether intentionally or out of negligence, causes damage to property so each contribution is important for the more precise determination of the cause of an explosion based on traces, in this case the crater. From the forensic aspect the damage in the form of a crater is important because of the possibility to estimate the mass of the explosive used for the specific explosion, to find pieces of explosive device, to take samples of explosive from the crater in order to determine the type of explosive, to estimate methods of initiation, etc. Dimensions and shape of the crater are closely connected with the mass and type of the explosive used. Calculation of the mass of the explosive used had commonly been made using empirical equations, which did not giveabsolutely reliable results. This paper contains the review of the existing fourteen equations for the preliminary estimation of the mass of explosive based on the crater characteristics and revision of their results through specific experimental explosions, with the values of deviations from the experiments..
Geotopografsko obezbeđenje upotrebe jedinica policije u akcijama zaštite i spasavanja od poplava u maju 2014. godine
Get PDFIn addition to considering the phenomenology and the consequences of torrential floods, the state of geo-topographic security within Serbian police organization and experience of geo-topographic security of joint forces of Directorate of Police of the Republic of Serbia on protection and rescue of flood in Serbia in May 2014 were presented. The paper therefore presents a model of geo-topographic security within which relies on possibilities for designing relevant and contemporary digital geo-topographic materials using GPS devices for GIS produced by the US company TRIMBLE and an aerial imaging system based on the use of the Swiss-made eBee unmanned aerial vehicle. The closing part of the paper offers suggestions for improving professional and educational, normative and legal, as well as financial framework for approaching the issues in focus.Pored razmatranja fenomenologije i posledica bujičnih poplava, izvršena je analiza stanja geotopografskog obezbeđenja u policijskoj organizaciji Srbije i sagledana su iskustva i pouke iz geotopografskog obezbeđenja upotrebe jedinica policije u akcijama zaštite i spasavanja od poplava u Srbiji u maju 2014. godine. Na osnovu toga, u radu je prezentovan relativno optimalan model geotopografskog obezbeđenja policije, zasnovan na mogućnostima izrade namenskih i savremenih digitalnih geotopografskih materijala primenom bespilotnog aerofotogrametrijskog sistema - švajcarske letelice 'eVee' i GPS uređaja za GIS američke kompanije TRIMBLE. Na kraju rada dati su predlozi za unapređenje stručno-obrazovnog, normativno-pravnog i materijalno- finansijskog okvira za rešavanje prezentovane problematike
Metoda za brzu ekstrakciju kanabinoida iz kanabisa mikrotalasnim zagrevanjem
Get PDFCannabis sativa and its products (marihuana, hashish and hashish oil) is one of the most used illicit drugs in the world. It is also an agricultural crop so it is important to distinguish between industrial-type and drug-type cannabis by forensic examination of suspected material. Extraction technique is one of the first steps in the laboratory plant material isolation, and therefore the development of new, more efficient method of extraction is desirable. The traditional techniques of extraction of biological active compounds from plant material, such as cannabinoids from cannabis, are based on solvent extraction. These methods are often inefficient in terms of extraction time, amount of solvent, energy consumption and extraction yield. Therefore the importance of continuous development of new, more efficient extraction methods is understandable. In this paper, the short description of cannabis plant and chemical constituents of forensic significance were shown for better understanding. Paper also describes the mechanism of microwave heating and its use in the extraction method through short theoretical background of microwave heating. In addition, examples of application of microwaves for the isolation of some organic compounds from plant material were presented. It is also shown that the microwave extraction can be used in absence of solvent in solvent free microwave technique. The possibility of microwave extraction application in forensic examination of Cannabis sativa is presented by highlighting its simplicity and efficiency.Forenzička identifikacija aktivnih supstanci iz kanabisa i njenih produkata (marihuana, hašiš, hašiš ulje) sastoji se u određivanju sadržaja glavnog psihoaktivnog kanabinoida Δ9-tetrahidrokanabinola, produkta degradacije kanabinola i nepsihoaktivnog kanabidiola. Tehnika ekstrakcije predstavlja jedan od prvih koraka laboratorijskog izolovanja biljnog materijala, te je stoga, razvoj novih, efikasnijih metoda ekstrakcije izuzetno važan za sprovođenje forenzičkih analiza. Potencijalna alternativa konvencionalnim metodama ekstrakcije jeste ekstrakcija pod uticajem mikrotalasa, odnosno mikrotalasnim zagrevanjem. U ovom radu opisan je mehanizam mikrotalasnog zagrevanja i kroz primere njegove primene u ekstrakciji organskih jedinjenja iz biljnog materijala, istaknute su prednosti ove relativno nove ekstrakcione tehnike u poređenju sa konvencionalnom ekstrakcijom. Opisom jednostavne i brze metode ekstrakcije, mikrotalasnim zagrevanjem, prikazana je mogućnost njene primene u forenzičkoj identifikaciji kanabisa
Novi zakon o prekršajima i novine u opštem delu prekršajnog prava
Get PDFThe new Code on misdemeanor of the Republic of Serbia, which came into force on March 1st this year, has brought a number of innovations in our misdemeanor law. Although the biggest changes were introduced into misdemeanor procedure along with part of the code that deals with procedure for enforcement of misdemeanor sanctions, there are also many new solutions related to institutes from the general section of misdemeanor law. They are in most cases designed to represent compliance with the provisions of the Criminal Code. However, there are opposite instances where innovations were introduced in order to emphasize the specificity of the misdemeanors as a special kind of offenses and make their delimitation from criminal offences. This paper analyzes the particular provisions relating to the concept of misdemeanor, misdemeanor liability, exceeding the limits of self-defense and extreme necessity, force and threat, mental incompetence, mistake of fact and law, complicity and certain provisions relating to misdemeanor sanctions. Most of the new solutions present an important step towards better regulation of certain important institutes of the General Part of the misdemeanor law, but there are also those that contain certain inaccuracies and inconsistencies that should be removed or changed de lege ferenda.Novi Zakon o prekršajima Republike Srbije, koji je počeo da se primenjuje 1. marta ove godine, uneo je niz novina u naše prekršajno pravo. Iako su najveće izmene unete u njegov procesni deo kao i u deo koji se bavi izvršenjem prekršajnih sankcija, brojna su i nova rešenja koja se odnose na pojedine institute opšteg dela prekršajnog prava. Ona su uglavnom tako koncipirana da predstavljaju usaglašavanje sa odredbama Krivičnog zakonika, međutim ima i suprotnih primera gde su novine unete u nameri da se istaknu specifičnosti prekršaja kao posebne vrste delikata i izvrši njihovo razgraničenje od krivičnih dela. U radu se posebno analiziraju odredbe koje se odnose na pojam prekršaja, prekršajnu odgovornost, prekoračenje nužne odbrane i krajnje nužde, silu i pretnju, neuračunljivost, stvarnu i pravnu zabludu, saučesništvo kao i pojedine odredbe vezane za prekršajne sankcije. Većina novih rešenja predstavlja značajan korak u boljem regulisanju pojedinih instituta opšteg dela prekršajnog prava, ali ima i onih koji sadrže određene nepreciznosti i nedoslednosti koje bi de lege ferenda trebalo otkloniti
Specifičnosti zaštite kritične infrastrukture
Get PDFProtection of critical infrastructure represents a basis for maintaining the functionality of a social community in emergency situations, such as natural disasters. The principal objective in protecting the critical infrastructure is to maintain its continuous functioning in the aforementioned situations. Unhampered functioning of the critical infrastructure represents a priority of the communities, local self-government, every state, as well as transnational organizations. The systems of critical infrastructure are built so as to ensure services for several generations and over several decades. These systems have become highly integrated into modern life. Nowadays, people expect to be able to travel at any time, to have the possibility and connectivity to communicate whenever they want to. Modern industries expect the existence of available infrastructure which should allow transportation of raw materials, final products, delivery of food and permanent goods into markets and harbours, as well as enable the exchange of ideas and financial transactions using electronic media.Zaštita kritične infrastrukture predstavlja osnovu održavanja funkcionalnosti društvene zajednice u vanrednim situacijama, poput prirodnih katastrofa. Glavni cilj zaštite kritične infrastrukture je da se u takvim situacijama održi kontinuitet u njenom funkcionisanju. Nesmetano funkcionisanje sistema kritične infrastrukture predstavlja prioritet zajednica lokalne samouprave, svake države, kao i nadnacionalnih tvorevina. Kritični infrastrukturni sistemi se grade kako bi obezbedili usluge za nekoliko generacija tokom nekoliko decenija. Ovi sistemi su postali vrlo integrisani u moderan život. Danas ljudi očekuju da mogu nesmetano da putuju u bilo koje vreme, i da imaju komunikacijske veze kad god požele. U savremenim industrijama sasvim je očekivano da postoji potrebna raspoloživa infrastruktura koja treba da omogući transport sirovih materijala, finalnih proizvoda, isporuku hrane i trajnih dobara na tržišta i luke, i omogući razmenu ideja i finansijskih transakcija elektronskim putem
Mesto izvršenja krivičnog dela u teorijskim promišljanjima o kriminalitetu
Get PDFA great deal of time and effort has been invested in trying to understand crime, most notably examining why some people engage in criminal behavior and others do not. Theories which place offenders in the center of their research focus have dominated in criminology for a long time. However, in recent decades theoretical approaches whose focus is space and time where victims (targets) and offenders converge during the commission of the offense, increasingly come to the fore. These approaches, which all share common interest in understanding how the environment shapes criminal activity, belong together under the umbrella of what is called environmental criminology. Environmental criminology seeks to explain how the environment affects the creation of crime opportunities and offender decision making regarding committing crime, in an attempt to establish patterns of offender's and victim's behavior in relation to environment (space) where they meet and where the offense is executed. In addition to highlighting the essential characteristics of different theoretical approaches that now constitute the environmental criminology (e.g. routine activity theory, rational choice theory, crime pattern theory, CPTED etc.), this paper also shows how situational (micro) context of the crime came into the focus of theoretical thinking about crime. In this context, the paper starts from the ideas of the so called. Cartographic and Chicago School and design theorists, in the aftermath of World War II, who inspired the research about crime and place that lead to the emergence of the environmental criminology in the early 80's of last century. By providing a significant contribution to understanding the dynamics of performing criminal activities, theoretical approaches of the environmental criminology are significant factor in designing effective methods in combating (preventing) crime today. Practical application of crime prevention through environmental design, situational crime prevention, hotspot policing, geographic profiling, etc., confirms this.Poslednjih decenija sve više do izražaja dolaze teorijski pristupi u čijem fokusu se nalazi geoprostor (mesto) na kojem dolazi do interakcije izvršioca i žrtve (mete) prilikom izvršenja krivičnog dela. Ovim pristupima je zajedničko interesovanje ka razumevanju načina na koji geoprostor 'oblikuje' kriminalnu aktivnost. Oni teže da istraže kako okruženje utiče na stvaranje prilike i donošenje odluke kod učinioca da se izvrši krivično delo, odnosno pokušavaju da objasne obrasce ponašanja učinioca i žrtve u geoprostoru gde se oni susreću i gde se izvršava krivično delo. U radu se pokazuje kako je mesto izvršenja dolazilo u fokus teorijskih promišljanja o kriminalitetu, počev od radova predstavnika tzv. 'kartografske' i 'čikaške škole', kao i 'teoretičara dizajna' u periodu nakon II svetskog rata, koji su inspirativno delovali na autore koji će rezultatima svojih istraživanja omogućiti nastanak kriminologije životne sredine osamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Takođe, u radu se navode i bitna obeležja osnovnih (teorijskih) pristupa koji konstituišu ovaj teorijski pravac u kriminologiji i ukazuje na njihov značaj u usmeravanju napora koji se preduzimaju u cilju suprotstavljanja kriminalitetu
On Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena in Biomolecules and Cells: From Levinthal to Hopfield
Get PDFIn the context of the macroscopic quantum phenomena of the second kind, we hereby seek for a solution-in-principle of the long standing problem of the polymer folding, which was considered by Levinthal as (semi) classically intractable. To illuminate it, we applied quantum-chemical and quantum decoherence approaches to conformational transitions. Our analyses imply the existence of novel macroscopic quantum biomolecular phenomena, with biomolecular chain folding in an open environment considered as a subtle interplay between energy and conformation eigenstates of this biomolecule, governed by quantum-chemical and quantum decoherence laws. On the other hand, within an open biological cell, a system of all identical (noninteracting and dynamically noncoupled) biomolecular proteins might be considered as corresponding spatial quantum ensemble of these identical biomolecular processors, providing spatially distributed quantum solution to a single corresponding biomolecular chain folding, whose density of conformational states might be represented as Hopfield-like quantum-holographic associative neural network too (providing an equivalent global quantum-informational alternative to standard molecular-biology local biochemical approach in biomolecules and cells and higher hierarchical levels of organism, as well)
Self-evaluation of students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies about the impact of field training on achievements in police topography
No full textBook of Abstracts / International Scientific Conference Effects of Physical Activity Application to Anthropological Status with Children, Youth and Adult