Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry)
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PREPARATION OF MgO-CeO2 MIXED OXIDE WITH IONIC LIQUID AS CATALYST FOR DIMETHYL CARBONATE SYNTHESIS VIA TRANSESTERIFICATION
Get PDFThe synthesis and application of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are achieving increasing importance due to its low toxicity and versatile reactivity. The phosgenation-route has been losing attraction recently due to the use of virulent phosgene. In transesterification process, DMC is co-generated with ethylene glycol (EG). In this study, various ionic liquids were used as template in coprecipitation methods to prepare mesoporous MgO-CeO2 mixed oxides particles. Among the ionic liquids, [Bmim][BF6] displayed the best performance in terms of activity, while [Omim][PF6] obtained the best selectivity for this reaction. The addition of IL's in the coprecipitation method increased the surface areaand pore volume of the catalysts. Meanwhile, the crystallite size of the catalysts was reduced many times. However, there is no effect of the surface areaand particle size as well on the catalytic activity of the catalyst in this reaction. The activity and selectivity of the catalyst depend on the base strength distribution. The moderate basic site is responsible for the catalytic activity, while the selectivity is more dependableon the strong basic site. Keyword: preparation, MgO-CeO2, ionic liquid, dimethyl carbonate, coprecipitat
SIFAT DAYA SERAP AIR DAN STABILITAS PENYERAPAN AIR HIDROGEL POLIMER KOMPOSIT
Get PDFHydrogel polymer composite has been synthesized by using 10L scale reactor with batch systems. Hydrogel was synthesized by radical polymerization of a mixture of carboxy methyl cellulose, acrylic acid and methylene bis acrylamide as crosslinker. Hydrogel polymer composite was prepared by adding bentonite to polymer hydrogel. Swelling ratio which indicates of water absorption of hydrogel polymer composite was 60 g / g with a standard deviation of 6.2 %. Durability and stability tests for water absorption of hydrogel polymer composite for 15 days showed the swelling ratio is almost constant and hydrogel is quite stable and not broken down quickly. Effect of temperature and salt solution on water absorption as follow; the water absorption at higher temperatures lower than room temperature and the water absorption from the salt solution is lower than the water absorption of pure water. These results show the hydrogel polymer composite is sensitive to temperature and salt solution.Keyword: hydrogel polymer composite, water absorption,hydrogel stability
MUNICIPAL ORGANIC WASTE AS SUBSTRATE OF BIOENERGY AND FERTILIZER PRODUCTION
No full textMunicipal solid waste is still a big problem in the cities of Indonesia especially in the Capital and capital of province. Open dumping in TPA is operated through all of Indonesian cities, this bring to consequences a bad influence to the environment. Conversion of Organic solid waste either to energy or biofertilizer is one of the best choices on the solid waste management. These methods will create a good manageable of cities environment, producing fertilizer for the farmer, energy for the communal and jobs for the people. Municipal organic wastes were grinded andfermented in anaerobic aerobic conditions. Anaerobic conditions produce rrydrogen or methane as bioenergy meanwhile aerobic fermentation was used to get either compost or liquid oiofertilizer. The result of Bioenergy and biofertilizer production showed that Municipal organic waste has a great potential as substrate for bioenergy such as hydrogen and methane or substrate for biofertilizer. The biofertilizer could be either as compost or liquid biofertilizer which are rich with growth promoting substances produces by specific bacteria during municipal organic solid waste fermentation.Key words: Municipal, organic solid waste, management, bioenergy, bioJertilize
TEKNIK APLIKASI KONSORSIUM BAKTERI ENDOFITIK PENAMBAT N2 ASAL TUMBUHAN EKOSISTEM AIR HITAM KALIMANTAN TENGAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PENAMBATAN N2 TANAMAN PADI GOGO
Get PDFThis study was intended to derive an application technique of bacterial consortium obtained from plantation black water ecosystem of CentraKalimantan, and therefore to increase the nitrogen fixation and growth of the upland rice. The experiments were conducted in the Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, PadjadjaranUniversity, Jatinangor-West Java. The preliminary selection of inoculum source from the plantation ecosystem at black water ecosystem of Central Kalimantan produced 12 consortia of the endophytic bacterium that increase the growth of upland rice. Among of the 12 consortia, 2 consortia (did contribute nitrogen fixation consistently and so increase the growth of upland rice. The two consortia were a bacterial consortium (H) isolatedfrom the leaves of Waru plant (Dillenia pulchella) and a bacterial consortium (I) isolatedfrom Gemor plant (Alceodaphde sp.). Threefactorial of Complete-Random Design and triplo experiment was selected for the experimentaldesign of this study. First factor was consortium of endophytic nitrogen fixation bacterial with two stages (i1 = consortium H and i2 = consortium I). The second factor was the technique of endophytic nitrogen fixationbacteria application with two stages (aI = rice seed soaked in the bacterial suspension for 24 hours and a2= 1 MST old rice plant sprayed the bacterial suspension). The third factor was turbidity (population) of endophytic nitrogen fixation bacterial inoculum with 4 stages (Po=no inoculum control, PI=107 CFU.mtI, P2=109 CFU/mtI, P3= 1011CFU/ml). The CFU is a Colony-Forming Unit indicating microbes in aform of colony, initially, grew from single cell. The results of this experiment showed that the application technique of endophytic nitrogen fixation bacteria by soaking the upland rice seed in bacterial suspension containing 1011 CFU.mrI for 24 hours wasable to increase the growth and nitrogen fixation of the upland rice plant. Dry weight of the plant inoculated with consortia Hand I was respectively 0.084 and 0.097g while the nitrogenase activity of the upland rice plantinoculated with consortia Hand I was 254.0 and 225.0 nmol g"1 DWhou,-I, respectively. With Microbact 24 E (12E/12A + 12B) and API-20 NE methods, member of endophytic nitrogen fixation bacteriafrom consortium H was indentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Brevundimonas vesicularis, and Burkholderia cepacia while from consortium I was Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia,and Acinetobacter baumanii.Kata Kunci : Endophytic bacteria.Nitrogen, Plantation blackwaterecosystem, Uplandriceplant
PEMANFAATAN KITIN I KITOSAN SEBAGAI BAHAN ANTI MIKROBA
No full textChitin is a natural polymer which consists in the living thing such as shrimp, crabs, lobsters, yeast, insect and fungi. Chitin is usually produced fromshellfish such as shrimp shell, crabs, lobsters. They are demineralization of crustacean using strong acid OT base. Deacetilization of chitin using strong base and heating gave chitosan. Chitosan has many application such as food preservation, anti microbial, water treatment, anti oxidation, and fat absorption. Anti microbial products such as sport dressing, hand globt;linen, and anti virus and antracnose of red chili pepper. Anti bacterial of chitosan come from the amine functional group, that strong positive charge. Membrane of cell has negative charge. Interaction between positive and negative charge resulted membrane permeable suffer osmotic pressure which affect to the equilibrium inside the cell, it may cause theinhibition the growth of the microorganisms. There is also hydrolysis occurs to the cellwall that may cause the leak of electrolyte from the cell, it may cause the cell becomedead.Key words : crustacean waste, chitin, chitosan, anti bacteria
UJI PELINDIAN SENYAWA-SENYAWA TEMBAGA DAN TIMAH HITAM SETELAH STABILISASI/SOLIDIFIKASI DENGAN SEMEN PORTLAND MENGGUNAKAN ROTARY AGITATOR
Get PDFIn this study, wastewater used in the experimental is an artificial wastewater containing copper and lead with each concentration of 500 mg/L. Metal ions were precipitated as hydroxide compounds [Cu (OH2, Pb(OH)2] and sulfide compounds (CuS, PbS). The precipitate partly was direct leached tested and the other part was stabilized/solidified by using Portland cement. Furthermore, TCLP test (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching procedure) was done by using the Rotary Agi tator with rotational speed 302 rpm for 182hours.From the TCLP test results showed that the compounds of CU(OH)2 and Pb(OH)2 leached without solidification process which carried out with Portland cement, both are 0.86 mg/L and 45.6 mg/L. While thecompounds CuS, and PbS leached also without solidification process which carried out with Portland cement, are424mg L; and 159 mg L.When the compounds of Cu(OH)2, CuS, Pb(OH)2, PbS were stabilized/solidified with Portland cement at the ratio 1:1, apparently both of copper ions from Cu(OH)2, and lead ions from Pb(OH)2 did notexperience leaching. In contrast to copper ions in the form of CuS, and lead ions in theform PbS, leaching was experienced at 3.56 mg/L and 1.16 mg/L. These values were still below the required quality standard for TCLP.Keyword : wastewater, heavy metals, hazardous waste, stabilization/solidification, TCLP test
PENERAPAN MEMBRAN MIKROFILTRASI PADA PEMURNIAN EKSTRAK KALDU KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiatus L.) SEBAGAI FORTIFIKAN PRODUK MAKANAN
Get PDFIn preparation of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) broth extract asfortificant agent offood products via purification by means of microfiltration (MF) membrane, operation conditions have important role. Application of MF membrane modul is afurther process of purification from small scale (Stirred MF cell, 30.175 cm2 of membrane area) to bench-scale (Cross-flow MF modul, 360 cm2 of membrane area). The main goal of this work was to find out effect of flow rate of material and operation pressure on compositions of concentrate/retentate and permeate from mung bean broth extract as savoury (umami)-based fortificant agent offood products. Preparation of mung bean broth extract was conducted by introducing broth extract of crude mung bean to Cross-flow MF modul at pump motor frequency of l0 and 20 Hz, room temperature and operation pressure of 2, 4 and 6 bar, respectively. Investigation was performed on permeate flux value, and analysis was conducted on concentrate/retentate and permeate, covering on total solids, dissolved solid, total protein, dissolved protein, N-amino and salt. The result of experiment showed that pump motor frequency and operation pressure affect on concentrate/retentate and permeate compositions. Increase of pump motor frequency and operation pressure increase permeate composition, but they tend to be almost similar on concentrate/retentate of mung bean broth extract. Treatment combination at pump motor frequency of 20 Hz and operation pressure of 2 bar generated the best composition of concentrate/retentate as hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) with concentrations of total solids of 3.98 %, soluble solid of 6.05 %, total protein of 5.65 %, dissolved protein of 5.3 mg/mL, N-amino of 0.95 mg/mL and salt of 2.04 %, while permeate gave flux value of 32.19 L/m2.hour with concentrations of total solids of 5.74 %, soluble solid of 5.04 %, total protein of 4.51 %, dissolved protein of 4.05 mg/mL, N-amino ofl.08 mg/mL and salt of 2.2 %, and had useful potency asfood savoury flavor.Keyword : Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) broth, microfiltration (MF), concenirate/reieniaie, permeate, hydrolysate
KARAKTRISASI SENYAWA AKTIF ANTI BAKTERI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium arimaticum)
Get PDFWater distillation and purification of drought clove (Syzygium arimaticum) interest yields clove interest essential oils 6,5 % (v/w), rust colored ofchocolate, refractive index (25C) 1,52874, specific mass (25C) 1,0636 g/ml and condensation in ethanol 70% (1:2) limpid. Oil of clove haves the character of antibacterial to five test bacteriums ( B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. aureus, P. aeroginosa and E. coli). Result of analysis GCMS shows existence of eugenol compound (72,98%), kariaphilena (10,40%), a-humulena (1,04%) and acetate eugenol ( 15,58%). SpectraphotometerJKTI, VOL. 12, No.1, Juni 2010 analysis UV- Vis existence of absorption at Amaks 207,63 nm (ethanol) and 283,76 nm (eugenol). Analysis FTIR existence of bunch - OH (3543,39 em'), aliphatic C-H (1605,79 - 1766,90 em'), aromatic C=C ( 1433,60 - 1514,74 em'), C-Caril (1433,60-1514,74em-I) and cO (1268,44 em'). Keyword: Antibacterial, clove (Syzygium arimaticum) and essential oils
AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.)
No full textThis research done to know activity antidiabetes from fragrant screw pine leaf ethyl acetate extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) applies method aglukosidase. Extract is made by the way ofmaceration to apply ethyl acetate. Test antidiabetes is done by using enzyme a-glukosidase and PNP-a-D-glukopiranosida. Fragrant screw pine leaf ethyl acetate extract haves the character of antidiabetes with resistance activity, IC50 value as 94,23 ppm. Result of GCMS identification shows fragrant screw pine leaf ethyl acetate extract contains active compound of its the fatty acid and deriuaies, terpenoids, and steroid.Keyword : Antidiabetes, Ekstrak Etil Asetat, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb, a-glukosidase, PNP-a-D-glukopiranosida