Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry)
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KARAKTERISTIK BIO-OIL HASIL PIROLISIS AMPAS TEBU
Get PDFBagasse (Saccarum oficinarum L) is a waste of sugar mills that can be utilized for a variety of chemicals. The purposes of this study are to determine the percentage of compounds and physical properties of bio-oil, to determine the effect of variations of particle size and heating rate on the yields of bio-oil. Pyrolysis has been carried out in a reactor made of steel pipe type 5737 with dimension: diameter 7.62 em and a length of 3 7 cm.. The reactor was inserted into the furnace with a diameter of 15.24 em and a length of 40 em. One hundred and fifty grams of bagasse (Saccarum oficinarum L) has been inserted into the reactor without the presence of oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Pyrolysis has been carried out at the particle size of (-20+25) mesh, (-25+30) mesh, (-30+35) mesh, (- 35+40) mesh, and -40 mesh with electrical voltage of 100, 105, 115, and 120 volt. Produced of bio-oil has the following properties: brown color, pH of 2.96 to 3.03, viscosity of 1.3306 to 1.5101 cp, and density of 1.03 to 1.5 g/mL. The largest content of the compound is acetic acid (59, 72%). The highest yields percentage of the particle size is (40,32%) on (-20+25 mesh) with the highest yields percentage of electrical voltage is 38,82% on 105 volt.Keywords : Bagasse, acetic acid, bio-oil, pyrolysis, yield
PENENTUAN KONDISI OPTIMUM FERMENTASI PADAT Trichoderma hamatum PADA MEDIA TUMBUH DEDAK PADI DALAM PRODUKSI SELULASE MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
No full textOptimum condition for solidfermentation of Trichoderma hamatum inrice bran in order to produce cellulase hadbeen studied by using Response Surfacemethodology (RSM). Fermentationcondition variables that observed waswater to rice bran ratio, urea andinoculums additions cellulase activity inFPU/gds (gram of dry solid) became theonly dependent variable. The result ofempirical equation from this study wasproven to be valid within water to ricebran ratio 0,5 - 0,7, urea and inoculumsaddition where 2-3 % and 1-2% of ricebran weight respactively. Maximumcellulase activity that can be obtain withinthese ranges was 4.99 ± 0.92 FPU/gds.Keywords: Cellulase, Trichodermahamatum, rice bran, solid fermentatio
HIDROLISIS LIGNOSELULOSA PELEPAH DAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN KATALIS ZIRKONIA TERSULFATASI
No full textLignocellulosic biomass which are frond and empty fruit bunches (EFB) is second generation raw material for ethanol production. Lignocellulose usage is expected to create a green process. Utilization of lignocellulose materials into ethanol involved four main processes, i.e pretreatment, hydrolysis/sacharification, fermentation, distillation and dehydration ethanol that was product. This research aims to optimize hydrolysis process of EFB and frond by using sulfated zirconia catalyst characterized its physical and chemical properties as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic hydrolysis process conducted at 160 DCfor 3 hours gave the highest TRS (Total Reducing Sugar) which is 17,51 % for EFB while for frondfor 2 hours which is 19,23 % .Keyword: Hydrolysis, solid acid catalyst, lignocellulose, frond, EFB, sulfated zirconi
UJI PENDAHULUAN PEMANFAATAN GAS KARBONDIOKSIDA UNTUK SIMULASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR YANG MENGANDUNG LOGAM BERAT TIMAH mTAM
No full textWastewater used in this experiment is an artificial wastewater containing lead. First, lead was precipitated with 0.1 M NaOH at pH 9 as hydroxide compound [Pb(OH)J. After Pb(OH)2 precipitated, CO2gas with a concentration of 16% isflowed as much as 120 mL with aflow rate of 120mLimin, where the lead remaining will settle to form lead carbonate (PbCOJ. A part of the precipitate was directly leached without any process of stabilization/ solidification and another part was leached after stabilization/solidification using Portland cement. Subsequent of precipitation that above were added of extraction solution with pH is 2.85 0.05 in the ratio 1: 20. Leaching or TCLP test (Toxicity Characteristic leachate procedure) was conducted using a Rotary Agitator with a rotation speed of 302 rpmfor 182 hours. The TCLP test results showed that each compound PbC03 and Pb(OH)2 by weighing 1.5g without any solidification process were 91.34 8.74 mg/L and 45.6 :I:0.14 mg/L respectively. These values were exceeds the required quality standardfor TCLP. While the compounds of PbC03 and Pb(OH)2 respectively with a weight of 1.5 g were carried out the stabilization / solidification withPortland cement in the ratio of 1:1:1 (cement: sand: solid waste), apparently both of lead ions fromPbC03 andPb(OH)2 were not leached.Keyword : Carbon dioxide, wastewater, Pb+1, stabilisationlsolidification, TCLP Tes
PENGEMBANGAN DAN VALIDASI METODE KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS DENSITOMETRI UNTUK PENETAPAN KADAR TEOFILIN DAN EFEDRIN HIDROKLORIDA SECARA SIMULTAN PADA SEDIAAN TABLET
Get PDFThe combination of Theophylline and Ephedrine isoften used to induce an additive effect in alleviating thesymptoms of respiratory disorders. This research is aimed todevelop a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometrymethodfor the simultaneous determination of Theophyllineand Ephedrine hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. Themethod employed TLC aluminium plates precoated withsilica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase and the mixture ofethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: aquabidest (11: 5 : 1 v/v)asthe eluen system. For detection of Ephedrinehydrochloride, the TLC plate must be re-eluted with 0,5%ninhydrin solution in aquabidest, and then heated at 105°Cfor 15 min. Quantitative evaluation was performed bymeasuring the absorbance-reflectance of the analyte spot at279 nm and 505 nm for Theophylline and Ephedrinehydrochloride, respectively. validation of the method showthat TLC Densitometryis selective and specific,showed agood linearity, precise, and accurate and can be used forroutine analysis of tablet in industrial quality controllaboratories.Keywords:TLCDensitometryV, alidationT, heophyllineE, phedrinehydrochlorid
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA BAKTERI-SITRATKITOSAN SEBAGAI PEMBALUT LUKA ANTIMIKROBA
No full textBacterial cellulose, produced by Acetobacter xylinum, is an interesting material for using as a wound dressing since it provides moist environment to a wound resulting in a better wound healing. However, bacterial cellulose (BC) itself has no antibacterial activity to prevent wound infection. To achieve antibacterial activity, chitosan were impregnated into bacterial cellulose by cross linking reaction using citric acid as cross linker. The thickness, water and saline absorption capacity, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of composite were investigated. The result show an important increase in absorption capacity when BC was treated with citric acid and chitosan and the maximum value was reached at 21.5 gig in DM water and 8.2 gig in salinesolution}. The WVTR analysis of all the test membranes was found to be less than WVTR value of control without sample. The result also showed that bacterial cellulose-citrate-chitosan (BC-AST) exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and S. aureusKeywords: Antibacterial, bacterial cellulose, citric acid, chitosan, wounddressing
DOCKING MOLEKUL DENGAN METODA MOLEGRO VIRTUAL DOCKER DARI EKSTRAK AIR Psidium guajava, Linn DAN Citrus sinensis, Peels SEBAGAI INHIBITOR PADA TIROSINASE UNTUK PEMUTIH KULIT
No full textWe have been molecular docking using MolegroVirtual Docker (MVD) on water extract of guava fruit(Psidiumguajava, Linn) and sweet orange (Citrussinensis,Peels) as inhibitor on enzyme tyrosinase withascorbic acid (vitamin C) as positive control to studywhitening agent. Based on the previous studies, the maincontent of the water extract of guava fruit (Psidiumguajava)are 2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-0--D-glucopyranosilbenzophenone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and vitamin C, whilethe extract juice of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) arelimonene, linalol, and vitamin C. In this study the resultsshowed that the main content of the water extract of Psidiumguajava fruit have better bond as inhibitor on tyrosinase thanCitrus sinensis and vitamin C which can be seen fromMoldock score of Psidiumguajava (-107.806) and Citrussinensis (-76,9593); it meanslower the energyand morestable binding. The IC50 on water extract of guava fruit(psidiumguajava) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) were0.26 mM and 31.07 mM, respectively. The hydrogen bonds of2, 6-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethyl-4-0--D- glucopyranosilbenzophenone with 5amino acid of tyrosinase were Gly 200,Pro 201 , Gly 196, Phe 197, and Asn 205, while limonen,linalool binding 3 amino acids were Gly 200, Phe 197, andAsn 205. Finally, 3D MVD visualization between maincontent of guava and sweet orange water extract can beconcluded that interaction of guava fruit (psidiumguajava)water extract against tyrosinase was more harmonious andstabil than vitamin C and main content of sweet orange(Citrus sinensis) water extract.Keywords: Psidium guajava, Citrus sinensis, tyrosinase, vitamin Cand docking molecul
SITOTOKSISITAS XANTHORRHIZOL dari MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb. terhadap SEL KANKER PAYUDARA YBM-1
Get PDFCurcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (temulawak) known hascytotoxic activity against cancel cells. The active compoundofCurcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb., for several cancer cells isxanthorrhizole. This research would assay the cytotoxicactivity of volatile oil from Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb. 'srhizome toward YMB-1 breast cancer cell. The method wasdone by in-vitro with alamar blue dyed, and measuredtheabsorbance to observe the viability (%) of cell and IC,ovalue. Xanthorrhizole used in this research was isolate fromethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb. 'srhizome compared the result with pure xanthorrhizol . Thecytotoxic activity assay toward YMB-1 cell showed thatxantorrhizole has highest activity with ICso 2.88 glmL,followed by the volatile oil with IC,o 3.20 glmL.lt meansthatactivity of volatile oil was not significantly different comparedwith that of xanthorrhizole . The lowest activity was found onisolate C27 with ICso 4.80 g/ml, while antimycin as positivecontrol gave IC,o 1.03 glmL..Keywords: Curcumaxanthorrhiza Roxb., volatile oil,xanthorrhizol,breast cancer,YMB-1cell, alamar blue metho
PREPARASI PEREAKSI KIT IMMUNORADIOMETRlCASSAY FREE PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN UNTUK DETEKSI KANKER PROSTAT
No full textProstate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 daltons serine protease secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelial cells that lining acini and prostate gland. Increased of PSA levels can be caused by prostate cancer or benign prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH). PSA in the blood was found in the free condition (free PSA) and most of the bound protein (complexed-PSA, c-PSA). Measuring levels of PSA was found in the blood can be done by several methods such as by immunoradiometricassay (IRMA) methods or ELISA methods. IRMA method is one of immunoassay techniques using radionuclides ,/' 125 oJ I as a tracer, so the sample in small 13 quantity can be detected The purpose of this study was obtained PSA reagent kit that includes 1251labeled PSA as a tracer, PSA coated tube and PSA standard that requirements of the kit, then it can be optimized assay design, that eventually PSA reagent kit can be used for early detection of prostate cancer. It has been done labeling of Mab PSA using 125 1with reaction time was 90 seconds, amount of PSA MAb was 75 ugram and the activity of Na_ 125I was 1000 flCi. Preaparation of PSA coated tube using 0.05 M Na2C03 solution, at pH: 9.6 with volume was 250 ml., standard PSA with 0.025 Mphosphate buffer at pH 7.4 containing 5% BSA and 0.1% NaN3, and resulting at 1,25% and 14,12% respectively of NSB and BIT that requirement of the kit.Keywords: Prostate cancer, PSA, IRMA,NSB, Maximum Bindin