Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry)
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SINTESIS POLI (GLIKOLIDA-CO-LAKTIDA) DAN UJI BIODEGRADABILITASNYA
No full textPolylactide and polyglycolide are important aliphatic polyester consist of lactide and glycolide repeats unit. It is considered as green polymer due to it is produced from renewable agricultural resources. The development of biodegradable plastics based on agricultural resources is still important to be done. Copolymerization of glycolide with D-lactide, L-lactide, and DL-lactide using a Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst had been carried out. Polymerization was conducted by ring-opening of lactide and glycolide without the solvents but melting polymerization. Polymerization were conducted at 130 °C for 130 hours. Result of this study showed that polymerization of glycolide with D-lactide produce polymers with an average molecular weight of 8.2x103 and a yield of 72 %. Polymerization of glycolide with L-lactide produce polymer with an average molecular weight of 2.8x103 and a yield of 36 %. Polymerization glycolide with DL-lactide produce polymer with an average molecular weight of 2.5x103 with a 48 % yield. The burial test for 28 days showed poly (glycolide-co-Llaktida) degraded faster than other polymers, namely degraded 32 %. While poly (glycolide-co-DL-lactide) and poly (glycolide-co-D-lactide) showed similar degradation that is equal to 20 %. Compared with PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate), poly (glycolide-co-lactide) degraded more slowly.Keywords: Glycolide, lactide, copolymerization, biodegradable plasti
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MINERAL ADDITIVE FOR RUMINANT THROUGH BIOLOGICALLY INCORPORATED BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE IN DIFERENCE SUBSTRATES
Get PDFThis research was conducted to evaluate physical and chemical properties of organic mineral additive incorporated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was cultivated on different growth media consisted of cassava flour and rice bran, respectively. Treatment was arranged on completely randomized design consisted of rice bran without inoculants (RBo), rice bran with inoculants (RBi), cassava flour without inoculants (CFo), cassava flour with inoculants (CFi). Substrates were fortified by microminerals contained of Cu (100 ppm), Mn (100 ppm), Zn (100 ppm), I (10 ppm), Fe (2.5 ppm) and Co (2 ppm). Inoculation of S. cerevisiae could reduce fungal contamination. Physical characteristic of cassava flour was better in flavour and texture than rice bran in which tends to rancidity. Nutrients composition was similar in cassava and rice bran however crude fibre content in rice bran tends to be higher after fermentation. Mineral content (Zn and Fe) relatively decreased and in substrate supplemented by inoculant and rice bran had higher than cassava. In summary, micromineral was incorporated in cassava flour with inoculated S. cerevisiae had better than rice bran.Keywords: Organic mineral, cassava flour meal, S. cerevisiae, rice bran, ruminant
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ETHOXYLATED GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE AS PALM OIL BASED NONIONIC SURFACTANTS
No full textPalm oil based nonionic surfactants were synthesized by reacting glycerol monooleate with ethylene oxide at 80 ºC in the prescence of an alkaline catalyst. Purification of the products was conducted by use of acetic acid and black carbon which gave ethoxylated products (EGMO) with a higher level of viscocity and greater solubility in water. Physical and chemical properties of the product such as surface activity, cloud point, acid value, ester value, hydroxyl value, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was also determined and results varied depending on the reagent molar ratio. The synthesized EGMO were soluble in water and therefore show potential use as surface active agents in personal care and cosmetic products.Keywords: nonionic surfactant, ethoxylation, glycerol monooleate, palm oi
PREPARASI CONTOH UJI PROFISIENSI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA BERBAHAYA
No full textThe sample of proficiency test for hazard chemical compounds in organic and water sample has been made to identify hazard chemical compounds. Here, various matrix was added to these hazard chemical compound. The organic sample derived from organic waste added with dichloromethane as the solvent, undecane 100 µl/mL, 1,2-dimethylbenzene 12 µl/mL, diesel 100 µl/mL and tributhyl phosphate 10,02 µg/mL, whereas water sample derived from water waste added with magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 120 µg/mL, sodium carbonate anhydrous 106 µg/mL, sodium sulfate anhydrous 284 µg/mL, calsium chloride dyhidrate 222 µg/mL, dikhloromethane 2,5 µl/mL, polyethylene glycol 505,4 µg/mL, 3,5 dihydroxytoluene 10,05 µg/mL and α methyl-α-propyl succinimide 10,01 µg/mL. Hazard chemical compounds that being added are Bis (3-methylbutyl) ethylphosphonate 10,04±0,31 µg/mL, Bis (2-chloroethyl) methylamine 20,59±0,14 µg/mL for organic sample and Pinacolyl methylphosphonate 9,80±0,18 µg/mL and Triethanolamine 14,84±0,10 µg/mL for water sample. Homogeneity and stability are determined quantitatively using GC-FPD (P-mode) and GC-FID with calibration curve using internal standard dibuty butylphosphonate, 2,6-dimethylphenol, dibutylphosphate and Bis (2-hydroxypropyl) aminoethanol with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) 8,10 % and 12,40 µg/mL for Bis (3-methylbutyl) ethylphosphonate and 3,46 % and 14,19 µg/mL for Bis (2-chloroethyl) methylamine and 2,22 % and 11,28 µg/mL for Pinacolyl methylphosphonate and 2,70 % and 11,47 µg/mL for Triethanolamine. Relative Standard Deviation is a homogeneity value with requirements below 20 % and stability is a degradation result which value is less than 30 %.Keywords: hazard chemical compounds, proficiency test, homogeneity, stability, relative standard deviatio
PENGARUH 1,4-BUTANDIOL SEBAGAI POLIOL PADA MODIFIKASI EPOKSI MENGGUNAKAN POLIURETAN
No full textCorrosion is a natural phenomenon causing degradation value and function of material. The use of paints and polymer coatings is the most popular method to protect material against corrosion. Polymer coatings used was an epoxy-based organic resin and polyurethane. Generally, those coating materials were used separately. This study carried out the modification of epoxy with polyurethane in order to obtain coating materials as a combination of epoxy and polyurethane. Expectedly, the chemical reaction between epoxy coating-material and polyurethane could improve the characteristics of the obtained coating materials. Synthesis of polyurethane-modified epoxy with 1,4-butanediol as the polyol (ETP-BTD) was conducted by reacting epoxy resin, tolonate and 1,4-butanediol simultaneously at 50 oC for 30 min with dibutyltindilaurate as catalyst. Functional group analysis of ETP-BTD was performed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), tensile strength by Ultimate Testing Machine (UTM), adhesion by ASTM D4541 Portable Pull-off Adhesion Testers, water vapor transmission rate by ASTM E96 Desiccant Method and thermal stability was studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The FTIR analysis results showed that there are urethane bonds at 1716-1690 cm-1. These results showed that modification of epoxy using polyurethane increased the tensile strength and adhesion, and also decreased the water vapor transmission rate of epoxy. Keywords: epoxy, modification, polyol, polyurethane, 1.4-butanedio
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN DIVAIS SENSOR GAS CO BERBASIS INDIUM TIMAH OKSIDA (ITO) DENGAN TEKNOLOGI LAPISAN TIPIS
No full textIn this paper it will be described the design and manufacturing of microdevice to be used as platform for Carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO). The device has been designed on silicon substrate with an active area of 3x3 mm2 , and consisted of bonding pad, heater, electrode, and temperature sensor components. The minimum feature size used is 50 microns, as allowed by the capability of photolithographic process. The formation of microdevice structure has been done mainly using lift-off technique on platinum (Pt) layer, which was deposited by DC sputtering with aluminium (Al) as sacrificial layer. The overall chip dimension is not more than 5x5 mm2. The measurement conducted to study the resistance versus temperature characteristics has shown that the heater and temperature sensor elements have functioned as expected, in which their resistances change linearly with an increase in substrate temperature between 20 – 200 oC. The range of increase in resistance values for the heater is 500 – 1000 ohm, whereas for the temperature sensor is 100 – 300 ohm.Keywords: Microdevices, lift-off process, sputtering, electrode, heater, gas sensor, ITO, CO gas
PURIFIKASI PARSIAL DAN KARAKTERISASI ß-GALAKTOSIDASE Lactobacillus plantarum B123 INDIGENOS DAN HIDROLISIS LAKTOSA UNTUK PRODUKSI SUSU ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE RENDAH LAKTOSA
Get PDFβ-Galactosidase is enzyme which hidrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose. This enzyme is used in production low lactose milk for consumption human which have lactose intolerance. Partial purification of β-galactosidase is important to be conducted to increase β-galactosidase activity in order to its hydrolysis potency on UHT milk lactose increased.This research was aimed to production by partially purification and characterization indigenous β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum B123, and lactose hydrolysis for production low lactose UHT milk. Partially purification were precipitation following dialysis. Characterization included optimazion and stabilization of enzyme, while lactose hydrolisis for production low lactose UHT milk was detected by enzymatic GOD-POD kit. The results showed that production of β-galactosidase by using partial purification increased from 21.51 ± 0.23 U/mL (crude) to 106.34 ± 0.56 U/mL (dialysis). The optimum crude β-galactosidase activity was reached in precipitation by using 60 % ammonium sulphate. The purity of crude β-galactosidase increased 3.71 times after precipitation, and 14.28 times after dialysis. Characterization of β-galactosidase showed that optimum activities of crude and dialyzed β-galactosidase were at pH 6.5 and 50 oC, respectively. Stability of crude β-galactosidase incubated for 1 h were at pH: 5.0-8.5 and 25-50 °C. Specific activity of crude β-galactosidase was 15.05 U/mg protein, while that dialyzed β-galactosidase was 109.58 U/mg protein. Lactose hidrolysis to produce low lactose UHT milk showed that glucose concentration increased with the increase of hidrolysis time. Time needed to hidrolyze lactose 50 % with 4.8 U/mL β-galactosidase at 50°C was 6.08 h. In conclusion that indigenous β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum B123 purified partially can be used as lactose hidrolyzer in production of low lactose UHT milk.Key words : b-galactosidase, indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum B123, purification, lactose hidrolysis, UHT Mil
SKRINING IN SILICO POTENSI SENYAWA ALLICIN DARI ALLIUM SATIVUM SEBAGAI ANTIPLASMODIUM
No full textAllicin compound (2-propene-1- sulphinothioat acid S-2-propenyl ester) is known to have potential as antiplasmodium in vitro. However, the inhibitory activity mechanism of Allicin to plasmodium is still unknown. In this research, we determined the inhibitory activity of Allicin in silico. Identification of physicochemical properties of Allicin compound and two Allicin derivatives, Alc1, Alc2 and Ac2Alc3 were also conducted.. Furthermore, analysis of drug-likeness and adsorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion (ADME) were carried out on the Allicin compound and its derivatives to find the potential of these compounds as drug candidates. In determining the specific interaction, we utilized molecular docking analysis between Allicin and its derivatives against a protein target Cysteine Protease (SP). Molecular docking results showed that Allicin derivative, Alc2 (S-prop-2-en-1-yl 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-sulfinothioate, C10H18OS2) has better potential as inhibitors than Allicin, based on the lower bond energies and the inhibition constants, thus Alc2 can be used as an antiplasmodium agent candidate.Keywords: Allicin, Allicin derivatives, drug likeness, ADME, molecular dockin
PENGARUH SENYAWA SILAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK MATERIAL PELAPIS PADUAN HIBRID EPOKSI TERMODIFIKASI POLIURETAN
Get PDFPreparation of hybrid coating material from modified epoxy polyurethane (ETP) and silan (Si) has been done. Epoxy and polyurethane were modified with silan using γ-Glisidoksil propil trimetoksisilan (GPTMS) and γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (γ-APS) and also dibutyltindilaurate (DBTL) as catalyst. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization indicated that the hybrid coating material has been formed. The results of the analysis of NCO percent and conversion rate of isocyanates (α) also verified that the ETP-Si hybrid coatings have been formed. The addition 30% of silane as Si-O group indicated the rest of NCO percent was the lowest for hybrid coating material with polyurethane concentration of 5% and 10. The composition of ETP5% - Si 30% was the optimum composition from the ETP-Si hybrid coating material based on the mechanical analysis.Key words: hybrid coating, polyurethane, epoxy, silane, ETP – S