Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry)
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Isolation and Structure Determination of Antioxidants Active Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Heartwood Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.)
No full textActive compounds with antioxidant activity were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of namnam stem (C. cauliflora L.) that had undergone maceration and fractionation by gravity column chromatography. The compounds were later identified by by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR, LCMS and 1H-NMR. Ethyl acetate extract of namnam stem showed considerably high antioxidant activity (IC50 value 4.68 ± 0.035 ppm). The results of analysis by UV-Vis and FTIR showed carbonyl group conjugated with an aromatic ring at band I (λmax 330.22 nm), chromophore group of alkene (C=C) at band II (λmax 268.67 nm) and functional groups such as O−H (3343.91 cm-1), C=O (1729.23 cm-1), C=C (1652.64 and 1611.99 cm-1), C−O (1269.89) and C−H ortho (738.23 cm-1). LCMS (m/z 270.9246) and 1H-NMR data showed seven proton signals on the aromatic ring at carbon position C-3 at δH 6.86 ppm (1H, s), C-6 at δH 5.95 ppm (1H, d, J=1.95 Hz), C-8 at δH 6.25 ppm (1H, d, J= 1.95 Hz), C-2’ and C-6’ at δH 7.03 ppm (2H, d, J=7.87 Hz), C-3’ and C-5’ at δH 6.87 ppm (2H, d, J= 7.87 Hz) so that the structure was identified as a flavonoid which was 4 ', 5,7-trihydroxy-flavones or known as apigenin. The isolated apigenin had very strong antioxidant activity, as shown by IC50 value of 5.18 ± 0.014 ppm
PEMISAHAN KROMATOGRAFI PADA FASA TERIKAT DIOl
No full textChromatographic separation could not all be done on silica and alumina, therefore bonded phases have been developed by reacting organochiorosilane with the silanol group of silica. One of the new development of polar bonded phase is diol phase, which is prepared by reacting the silanol group of silica with GOX (glycidoxypropyttrimethoxysilane), Diol phase is widely applicated in TLC and normal phase HPLC. In -reversed phase HPLC, its application is limited, since with eluent containing water, it lasily swelled. Depending on the solute being separated, hidrogen bond,' electron density and basicity play an important role in the retentiop mechanism. Its application on TLC plate make it possible to be used in bidimensional analysis. The application of dial phase is also discussed, eitherfor the exclusion separation of solutes with large molecular weight or for the separation of simple organic compounds such as steroids with normal phase chromatography mechanism
ENERGY AS A DEVELOPMENT PREREQUISITE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIETY
No full textThe concept of energy as a development prerequisite is discussedin view of its role in Indonesia; a large country endowed with richnatural energy resources, with a dominant rural population.Renewable energy resources and their utilization is reviewed.Lessons can be obtained from typical income-generating energyprojects which is relevance for the small and medium scaleenterprises. A study or model of ellergy use in Indonesia using amarket allocation approach is noted, in which its relationship withair pollution issues are analyzed. The allocation of energyresources in Indonesia has the characteristics of a multidimensionalproblem. This is difficult to be resolved satisfactorily, as we knowth at thcis is part of a wider picture of the national development.The strategy includes people-centered initiatives, in anticipationof the open, competitive market in this globalized era. This paperdiscusses also the implication of energy technology developmentto the Indonesian energy economics. Basic issues related to theresearch capability, the priorities, and the allocation of resources(or research and development in Indonesia are also reviewed.Keywords: Indonesia; renewable energy resources; incomegeneratingenergy projects; model of energy use; air pollution;energy technology development
EFEKTIVITAS ESTER SORBITAN UNTUK STABILISASI SARI BUAH
No full textSorbitan esters is a nonionic surfactant which can be used as stabilizer or emulsifer i.e for food products. Nonionic surfactant is almost completely provided imported.Fatty acid derived from vegetable oil are potential for producing these esters. Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world and sorbitol has already be produced in Indonesia, so that is has oppotnity to develop sorbitan ester. The aim this research is to evaluate the application of P3KT sorbitan esters as stabilizer in fruit juicescomparing with available commerical food stabilize
PENGARUH PROSES FERMENTASI TERHADAP SIFAT ANTINUTRISI BIJI SAGA (ADENANTHERA PAVONINA LINN)
No full textResearch has been conducted to know whether the steps in the fermentation of saga bean (ADENANTHERA PAVONINA LINN) could decrease or eliminate the antinutraive property of saga bean. The saga bean was fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus L36 and Aspergillus oryzae M8 respectively, and the fermentation steps included cooking, soaking, dehulllng, steaming, inoculation and incubation for 24 until 72 hours at 30C. Antinutritive assay using protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis GL showed that cooking followed by soaking had decreased the antinutritive property of saga bean. Then the steaming process had increased the antinutritive property of saga bean. Sinaila, gJ'owth inhibition of protozoa was observed in medium containing steamed saga bean compared to that in medium containing fresh saga bean. Tempe saga, either fermented with R.oligosporus or A.oryzae, showed about 30-100% growth inhibition ofT.pyriformisGL, at a concentration of 103-104 ppm
KROMATOGRAFI LAPISAN TIPIS (KLT) DAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIRAN KINERJA TINGGI (KCKT) DARI SOLASODIN, AD DAN ADD
Get PDFThin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have been used to separate solasodlne, 4androstene-3,17-dione (AD) dan 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD)resulted from bloconversion process of solasodlne using Mycobacterium phlei DSM 43286. In order to minimize the consumption of materials, the separation condition of HPLC could be looked for through TLC method. Two kinds of chromatographic interaction i.e. normal phase and reversed phase chromatography using respectively silica and CIS as stationary phase have been tried. In normal phase chromatography, there are still difficulties for eluting solasodine from silica column, since solasodine has relatively low Rj value. While in reversed phase chromatography, solasodine could be eluted from CIS column, only if the mobile phase is buffered. The selection of solvent systems for this separation should also consider the relatively low UV-Cut-Off of individual solvent, since detection of solasodine requires operation at 205nm. The minimum limit detection which is measured at 240 11m was found to be 0.92 ng AD and 1.54 ng ADD, while the smallest amount of solasodine which could be detected at 205 nm was 3.39 ng. Diode array detector could be used for confirming the solute peaks produced in bioconverslon process
PROSES PEMBUATAN SERTA ANALISA BENTON-38 DARI BENTONIT SEBAGAI BAHAN ADITIF PADA CAT
Get PDFThe production of bentone for paint additive from Cabentonite was carried out by ion exchange process. The process has two steps, i.e. Ca++ ion in Ca-bentonite is exchanged by Na+ ion in saturated solution of NaCl to produce Na-bentonite. Then, Na+ ion in Na-bentonite is exchanged into {(R1)2N(R2)2 + by using alkyl quaternary ammonium salt to produce bentone. lnterms of swelling characteristic the ion exchange using 140 ml of saturated solution of NaCl for 100 g Ca-bentonite produced best product with a swelling characteristic of 15.56. The amount of dimethyl distearyl ammonium salt (DAM) used for production of bentone-38 was 60 g/100 g bentonite. This is based on the ion exchange capacity of bentone-38, i.e. 69 meq for 100 g bentonite. Swelling characteristics of the above bentone-TS-R (reference) and bentone-38-H (experiment) were 24.5 and 39 in Spirit Mineral Terplne (SMT), 55 and 54 in SMT + ethanol (17:3 v/v), and the viscosity of bentone-38-R, and bentone-38-H are 7.2 cps and 6.5 cps respectively
PENENTUAN KECEPATAN PENGENDAPAN UNTUK MERANCANG UNIT PENGENDAP NATRIUM BENTONIT
Get PDFOne step of producing paint additive from bentonite is to change Ca-beruonite into Na-bentonite. It applied ion-exchange process by using saturated solution of NaCl. Purification of product was done by washing to remove excess of salt. Nabentonite in production capacity of 40 kg could be separated from water by decantation. Observing the performance of precipitation rate of No-bentonite gave technical data for designing of precipitation unit. The precipitation of Na-bentonite in laboraroty scale was conducted using glass columns with diameter of 2.7 cm; 4.7 cm; 6.2 cm and 11.5 cm respectively. Height of slurry in column was varied in a range of 0.1 m ; 0.2 m ; 0.4 m and 1.0 m. The higher "slurry height" gave a faster precipitation rate. However, in term of separation efficiency determined as percentage of supernatant removed from slurry, higher slurry height resulted lower efficiency. At slurry height of 0.2 m, water removed were 72% (v/v) and 45% (v/v) in 30 minutes for first and second washing processes respectively. By second washing lower volume of supernatant was removed due to the characteristic of Nabentonite that swells during washing process