Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry)
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ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF GARLIC OIL
No full textGarlic oil is known to have medicinal effect on hypertension, heart desease, anemia and various infections. The active principles are reported to be allicin, diallil disulfide, allilpropyl disulfide, scorduun, selenium and germanium in addition to the presence of anticoagulant, anuhaemolytic and arulthrombotic agents. The methods applied for isolation and other conditions during the isolation affect the yield or the compositions of the oil, for instance with steam distillation the allicin will decompose whereas extraction at room temperature will yield oil with allicin as the main component. In the present study isolation was conducted by extraction with ethylacetate or ethanol and the oil obtained was tested for their antibacterial capacity. Tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli indicated that the isolated oil were active. On the other hand, commercial garlic extract (KGE) and garlic oil capsule (GOC) gave negative test. This may have been due to either insufficient concentration. of the biologically active component present in the commercial drugs or different method of extraction process. investigation with thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the drugs On silica gel plate ustngn-hexane and ethyl acetate as eluents showed six components in the GOC and none in KGE whereas for the isolated oil 13 components were identified with iodine vapour. Although the oils indicated antibacterial activity, it is somehow less active compared with oxytetracycline which is used as reference
CHARACTERIZATION OF RUBBER-MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE
No full textBlending of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% ethylene-propylene random copolymer known as EPM with polypropylene (PP) was conducted and the blends were characterized using wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Tensile and Impact tester. As shown in WAXS diffractograms, PP retains its crystalline structure when blended with EPM. DSC analysis suggests that the polymer blend consists of two phase systems, one crystalline and one amorphous. Morphological observation of the polymer blend using SEM shows that the EPA-f globular structure cavitates the PP matrix which further indicates that the polymer blend is only partially compatible. As EPM increases, the tensile yield stress, stress-strain curve and modulus of elasticity decrease. Impact strength on the other hand, increases and showed remarkable effect at 30% EPM - 70% PP
PENGARUH LIMITASI NUTRIEN PADA FERMENTASI ASAM SITRAT BIAK-RENDAM,SECARA 2-TAHAP DENGAN Aspergillus niger ATCC 11414
No full textThe aim of the study was to determine the type and level of nutrient limitation for stimulation of citric accumulation by Aspergillus niger ATCC 11414. The study focused all the effects of substrate concentration, nutrient limitation and the concentration of pre-cultred mycelium on citric acid accumulation. Citric acid fermentailon was carried out by a 2-stage process, where the growth stage and citric acid production stage were done separately, either using shake-flask culture or stirred fermentcr method. The fermentation process was followed by monitoring the changes in the pH value and in the concentrations of total reducing sugars, cellular biomass, and citric acid in the culture medium. Results of the study showed that nutrient limitation inhibited the growth of mould and could be all important factor for stimulation of citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger ATCC 11414. Phosphorous limitation was found to be the most effective than the limitation of other nutrients tested, for stimulation of citric acid accumulation. The results also revealed that there was a relationship between phosphorous limitation, mycelium concentration and the efficiency of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 11414
PREPARASI CONTOH UNTUK ANALISIS ASAM AMINO OARI BERBAGAI BAHANBERPROTEIN
No full textanalysis results are discussed. The hydrolysis methods elaborated in this paper includes: (i) The use of 6N hydrochloric acid solution at 110 and 145C for the analysis of most amino acids. (ii) The use of 6N hydrochloric acid solution after pre-hydro-lysis oxidation procedure using performic acid for methionine and cystine determination; (iii) The use of sodium hydroxide or barium hydroxide solutions for tryptophan determination. Both precision and accuracy of the analytical data resulted from the application of those hydrolysis methods are also discussed. It may be concluded that in order to be able to determine all of the amino acids in the sample, more than one hydrolysis procedure or sample preparation method have to be used
PENGARUH PEMANASAN BIJI KACANG Pisum sativum L var. "Belinda" DENGAN SINAR INFRA MERAH TERHADAP NILAI DAYA CERNA DAN ENERGI METABOLISME NITROGEN TERKOREKSI PACA AYAM
Get PDFLegume seed of peas (Pisum sativum) was radiated by infrared of 2450 MHz for 0, 80 and 100 seconds in a gas-type experimental radiator. Three levels of initial seed moisture content (13%, 17%, and 21%) was regulated by the moistening double-spiral mixer. The apparent digestibility of the nutrients of the treated seeds was evaluated using 96 five-week old male chicks of LSL-Brown in a full automatically adjustable climate conditioned room.The results of this experiment showed a Significant increase of nutrient digestibility of the peas by infra-red treatment; p 0.01 for fat, p 0,001 for dry matter, organic matter, starch, and nitrogenfree extract. The exposure time to infra-red treatment/or lOa seconds (seed temperature 0f 115 C) increased limiting amino acids digestibility, namely lysine from 84.51% to 91.47%, threonine from 73.24% to 81.37%. and methionine from 61.20% to 77.70%
ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF FLOC-PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS
Get PDFAll of the aerobic biological wastewater treatmenr systems depend upon the flocculation of the microorganisms and their separation from the liquid phase for complete stabilization. Therefore, aside from the metabolic characteristics of the microorganisms, the most important characteristic is their ability to flocculate.A study on the sludge .flocculation, isolation and screening of floc-producing microorganisms for biological wastewater treatment processes has been carried out. Microrganisms were olated from activated sludges obtained from local food industries. It was found that biofl occul ation of sludge was affected by the type and concentration of carbonaceous substrate. The substrates used were glucose, acetate and starch, at four levels of concentration, i.e. 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 25.0g/l. The activated sludge (Sludge-I) found better in bioflocculation than ther two sludge tested (Sludge-C and Sludge-K) was used for this purpose. The results showed that the Sludge-I gave better bioflocculation either on glucose or starch at a concentration of 1.0g/l than on acetate and other concentrations tested.The isolates (27 strains) obtainedfrom the activated sludge were then screened for their ability to flocculate and their acitivity in organic degradation. It showed that some of them produced good biofloc and gave high percentage of COD removal (more than 80%). The screening was carried out using shake-flask culture technique at 30C for 10 days. Out of 27 strains tested, Strain-Ivb and Strain-Ivk were found suitable as inoculum candidates for the biological wastewater treatment since they produced granular floc which flocculated readily and gave high percentage of COD removal, around 85%, after 10 days of incubation. Tentatively both lsolate-Ivb and Isolate-Ivk have been identified as Candida sp.It was revealed that Strain-lvb and Str ain-Ivk gave better bioflocculation and percentage of COD removal, compared to 3 lands commercial inoculum tested. The commercial inocula produced pin-point floc with percentage of COD removal of 86 - 92%, while Strain-Ivb and Strain-Ivk produced granular floc with percentage of COD removal of 94% and 93% respectively. The results of study shows that continuous biological treatment of artificial wastewater containing starch (400 mg/l) using strainlvb gave percentage of COD removal of 77 - 96% (average value = 87%) at hydraulic retention time of 13 - 25 hrS (average value= 18 hrs); while strain-lvk gave percentage of COD removal of 84 - 95% (average value= 92%) at hydraulic retention time of 8 - 16 hrs (average value= 12 hrs). Both strains formed biofloc which settled readily
PHOTOREACTION OF a, B - ENONES IN METHANOL IN THE PRESENCE OF TITANIUM (IV) CHLORIDE
Get PDFWhen cyclic a, B-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were irradiated by ultraviolet from a high pressure mercury vapour lamp at 25 C, in alcohols in the presence of titanium chloride, a coupling reaction between the carbonyl carbon atom and the a-carbon atom of the alcohol took place, producing dihydrofurans, monomethylether, acetals or aldehides, but in the case of a-methyl substituted enone it resulted in diol monomethylether due the two times occuring methanol substitution
Nickel Supported Natural Zeolite as a Bifunctional Catalysts for Conversion of Citronella Oil Crude to Menthols
Get PDFCharacterization and catalytic activity of modified natural zeolite for the conversion of citronella oil to menthol was investigated. In this research, natural zeolite was prepared by acid activation with HCl and impregnated with Ni metal. The addition of Ni metal of around 12.5 nm in diameter provided a bifunctional catalyst for two steps of citronella oil conversion i.e. cyclization and hydrogenation. The process was performed in a one-pot reaction system by stirring at 200oC with pressure of 20 bar H2 for 3h. The reaction products changed slightly with varieties of reaction temperature and amount of catalysts employed. Results showed that Ni/NZB-HT catalyst was the best catalyst which was able to convert citronella oil to menthol with a selectivity of 50% menthol and 100% conversion of citronellal
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS TEMPE DI INDONESIA
No full textField Sill dies all tempe home industries had been carried out ill 1975- 1976 and 1987, covering 25 tempe home industries ill West Java and Jakarta areas, 15 ill Central Java and Yogyakarta areas and 15 ill East Java. The quality and price of tempe samples collected from the visited industries and market varied considerably. The price of tempe. varied from Rp 400,-/Kg to Rp l.000,-/Kg in 1987, while the protein content varied from 14.8% to 22.7%. The variation in fat, carbohydrate, fiber and ash content was also observed. Variation was observed also in the use of raw mdterials, additives and inocula as well as variation ill tempe processing techniques, i.e. in the soaking, cooking and inoculation which had caused the variation in tempe qualit
ELUSIDASI STRUKTUR MOLEKUL UK-3, UK-4 DAN UK-5, SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI Streptomyces sp. 517-02.
No full textNew potential antifungal antibiotics UK-2A, B, C and D were elucidated as nine membered dilactone derivatives, isolated from mycelial cake of an actinomycete strain 517-02. In the continuation of a screening program in order to discover other useful bioactive metabolites from the same microbial sources, a novel UK-3 and two known compounds of UK-4 and UK-5 have been isolated.The molecular structure of UK-3 was very similar to UK-2A, except thai UK-3 did not have any methoxy group (-OCH3) on pyridine at ('-4'. UK-4 and UK-5 were identified as kown compounds of isocoumarine. These structures were elucidated based on their spectral and chemical evidence.Biological activity assay, demonstrated that UK-3 was active as against to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger dan Neurosporo sitophila and inhibited growth of cancer cell, P-388, B-16, KB and COLO-201