1056 research outputs found
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Dataset for "3D Printed Fouling-Resistant Composite Membranes"
No full textThis dataset reports the permeance recovery ratio values for flat and wavy composite membranes that were tested by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution in a cross-flow ultrafiltration setup. The transmembrane pressure was regulated at 1 bar and the cross-flow Reynolds number (Re) varied between 400 and 1000. In comparison to the flat composite membrane, the wavy membrane showed superior performance in terms of pure water permeance (PWP) (10% higher) and permeance recovery ratio (87% vs 53%) after the first filtration cycle at Re = 1000. Prolong testing showed that the wavy membrane could retain approximately 87% of its initial PWP after 10 complete filtration cycles. The dataset includes the all original data that were generated from this experimental work and also images that were taken by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and digital microscope.Numerical simulations: the conservation of mass and momentum equations, and particle tracing model for steady state and laminar flow conditions were solved by using a commercial CFD software COMSOL MultiphysicsTM v5.4 to elucidate the fluid mechanics of the filtration process of flat and wavy 3D composite membranes.
Fabrication of membrane support: the building material for the membrane support was a UV-cured polyurethane acrylate oligomer with the commercial name VisiJet M3-X. This ABS-like thermoplastic material has a high tensile strength and resistance to temperature along with good durability and stability which make it suitable being a membrane support.34 The support material was hydroxylated wax with the commercial name VisiJet S300.
Fabrication of the 3D composite membranes: there were three main steps to fabricate the 3D printed composite membrane: (i) printing of the 3D supports, (ii) preparation of selective layer by non-induced phase separation and (iii) deposition of selective layer over the support.
Filtration and anti-fouling performance: the filtration performance of the membranes was evaluated by using a circulating cross-flow apparatus (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). Prior to the filtration experiments, the membranes were pre-compacted using pure water at 2 bar until steady permeance was reached. The required duration for pre-compaction was just less than 2 hrs.1. 3D printer (ProJet 3500 HD Max printer, 3D Systems, USA)
2. Contact angle goniometer (OCA machine, Data Physics, Germany)
3. Scanning electron microscope (JEOL FESEM6301F) and a digital microscope (VHX - 6000, Japan).
4. Crossflow cell
5. AFM (AFM; Nanosurf EasyScan 2 Flex, Switzerland
Dataset for "Singlet oxygen generation by nanoporous silicon: photoluminescence dynamics in magnetic field"
No full textThe dataset contains raw measurements of low temperature magneto-photoluminescence spectra for porous silicon samples exposed to different levels of adsorbed oxygen. The data is structured in pairs of wavelength (nm) and photon counts, which were recorded for 1s or 10s acquisition time and constant temperature of 1.5KDetails of the data collection method can be found in the associated publication.Files contain raw experimental data for Figure 4. Format: pairs of wavelength (nm), photon counts.
Data for Figures 8 and 10 is derived directly from the data for Figure 4. All other figures contain schematic diagrams or results of calculations using the model which is the main topic of the publication and is described in full there, including values of input parameters
Dataset for "Pressure-induced symmetry changes in body-centred cubic zeolites"
No full textA repository of data used for the article "Pressure-induced symmetry changes in body-centred cubic zeolites". This includes high pressure powder X-ray diffraction data collected at the ID15B beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The purpose of this was to study how cubic zeolites, both with and without an occluded organic additive, respond to the stimuli of pressure. From the results, insights are deduced regarding the role of the organic additive in the synthesis of the cubic zeolites studied. Furthermore, it is predicted that pressure-induced symmetry changes are an intrinsic feature for body-centered cubic zeolites, and that non-body-centered cubic zeolites show no such symmetry change.The data within this archive was collected on the high pressure X-ray diffraction ID15B beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Frenoble, France.
The data collection procedure was as follows:
The incident X-ray radiation used of wavelength 0.4113 A (Angstroms), and silicon was used to calibrate the detector parameters.
Each zeolite sample was loaded into a diamond anvil cell (DAC), suspended in Daphne 7373 oil. Also included in the DAC was a ruby chip, which was used to estimate the applied pressure in the DAC. This was achieved by exciting the ruby chip with a laser and detecting the shift of the R1 fluorescence emission line.
The pressure was increased sequentially, with three 2D diffraction patterns taken at each pressure point. The pressure was record before and after each pressure point, with an average pressure calculated. The pressure was increased until pressure-induced amorphisation was imminent, upon which the DAC was depressurised with a number of diffraction patterns being taken during the decompression cycle.Prior to data analysis the X-ray diffraction patterns were processed in the following way:
At each pressure point three 2D diffraction patterns were taken. These three patterns were averaged in the FIT2D software, to produce an average image. Following this, the 2D area of the image was integrated over to produce a 1D powder diffraction pattern in the Dioptas software. This produced the .xy data files found in this archive.
These .xy data files were subsequently used in order to calculate unit cell parameters. This was achieved by performing Pawley refinements using the TOPAS Academic software. The refinement at ambient conditions was performed manually, with the Batch mode used for subsequent refinements. This is a iterative process, where the input file for each pressure point is the output structure from the previous pressure point. The space groups used for each zeolite during the Pawley refinements were as follows:
Zeolite Na-X (Fd-3m)
Zeolite RHO C-form (Im-3m)
Zeolite RHO A-form (I-43m)
Zeolite ZK-5 Cubic (Im-3m)
Zeolite ZK-5 Tetragonal (I4/mmm)
The bulk moduli for each zeolite sample was determined using the PASCal webtool. Only the 0-2.2 GPa data range was used, and fitted to both the 2nd and 3rd order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state. These fits were weighted using the 0.1 GPa estimated error in the pressure within the DAC.
The GASP software was used to simulate the flexibility windows of the 18C6 containing and calcined zeolite frameworks
Dataset for: N-doped Fe@CNT for combined RWGS/FT CO2 hydrogenation
No full textThis dataset contains the experimental data used to generate the results and analysis published in "N-doped Fe@CNT for combined RWGS/FT CO2 hydrogenation" by Williamson et al. The data was collected between 2015 and 2019 to investigate the influence of nitrogen doping in the catalyst support of CNT-supported iron nanoparticles for the conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels.Catalyst synthesis was achieved as follows: To produce Fe@CNT, 1.0 g ferrocene (FcH) was dissolved in 50 mL toluene to produce a CVD precursor solution of concentration 20 mg mL-1 FcH in toluene. 40 mL of the precursor solution was then injected at a rate of 10 mL h-1 into a quartz tube (25 mm ID x 28 mm OD x 122 cm L), loaded in a tubular furnace at 790 °C under a flow of 50 sccm H2 and 400 sccm Ar. After 4 hours of CVD injection, the raw catalyst was readily retrieved from within the quartz tube by scratching the interior cavity of the quartz tube with an elongated spatula. A 40 mL injection synthesis typically yielded ca. 1.5 g of catalyst. To produce Fe@NCNT, the same procedure was employed while replacing toluene in the precursor solution with acetonitrile (ACN) to act as a source of both carbon and nitrogen during the CNT growth process. To minimize error due to variance between catalyst batches, a stock of ca. 10 g was produced before beginning catalytic trials, and topped up every 3 reactions. 0.5 wt. % Na doping was achieved in Na-Fe@NCNT via wet impregnation. 9 mg NaHCO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.7%) was dissolved in 15 mL deionized water with 0.5 g Fe@NCNT. The slurry was stirred for 24 hours and subsequently heated at 115 °C for 2 hours before collecting the dried powder.
Catalysts activation was achieved by loading 0.47 g of the into a stainless steel calcination tube (0.5 inch OD x 0.451 ID x 6 inch L). This tube was plugged at one end with quartz wool (9-30 micron, H. Baumbach & Co Ltd) to prevent the catalyst from escaping while still allowing for air flow. For Fe@ NCNT-based materials, the tube was then heated in a muffle oven at 400 °C for 1 hour under a static air atmosphere, with a heating ramp rate of 10 °C min-1. For any Fe@CNT-based materials, the same process was repeated, though the catalysts were instead heated to 570 °C for 40 min. Further information on the origin of these different activation temperatures can be found in the ESI.
CO2 conversion testing was conducted by loading 0.4 g of the desired catalyst into a stainless steel reaction tube (0.5 inch OD x 0.451 inch ID x 6 inch L), which was plugged with quartz wool (9-30 micron, H. Baumbach & Co Ltd) at both ends to ensure that the catalyst powder rested securely in the middle of the tube. The sample was then placed in a tubular furnace and heated to 400 °C for 3 hours under a flow of 50 sccm H2 to reduce the catalyst. To begin the combined RWGS/FT process, the temperature was lowered to 370 °C and the was pressure gradually raised to 15 bar while maintaining the desired reaction gas ratio (3:1 H2:CO2). A high overall flow rate (180 sccm) was employed during this step to facilitate pressurization of the reactor. When the desired pressure had been achieved, the flow rate was lowered to the reaction flow rate of 8 sccm. The reactor was left for 2 hours to equilibrate following pressurization, after which samples were taken hourly for 3 hours via a 50 mL SGE gas tight syringe with leur-lock fittings and analyzed via GC-MS. An Agilent Technologies 7890A GC System with Agilent Technologies 5975C insert MSD with Triple-Axis Detector (MS, TCD, FID) was used as the GC-MS instrument. The installed column was an HP-Plot Q column. The TCD was used to quantify CO2 and CO, while the FID was used to quantify hydrocarbon species. 1% Ar in H2 was used as the source in CO2 conversion experiments so that Ar could be used as an internal standard during GC-MS measurements.
It should be noted that the chosen reaction conditions have been previously identified as producing noteworthy CO2 and CO conversion over Fe@CNT-type materials.15 However, the stated flow rate of 8 sccm should be considered low for the tested catalyst powder mass of 0.4 g. Diffusion limitations may play a role in masking the intrinsic activity of the catalyst and conditions at the catalyst surface. Further work must be conducted to optimize the reaction process.
Catalyst characterization was achieved with Raman, TEM, XPS, XRD, and TPD. Raman analysis was conducted using a Renishaw InVia system with a 532 nm laser. For CNT-based materials, a laser power of 5% was employed with the standard exposure time to facilitate quick analysis without burning or damaging the sample during analysis. For NCNT-based materials, the laser power was reduced to 0.1% due to the decrease in the stability of the CNT lattice caused by nitrogen doping leading to significant decomposition under even 1% laser power. Consequently, the exposure time for NCNT-based samples was also increased substantially to 400 seconds to collect a clear Raman spectrum. TEM analysis was conducted using a JEOL JSM-2100PLUS at an accelerating voltage of ca. 200 kV. Particle and tube diameters were measured using the open source image processing package Fiji. XPS analysis was conducted using a Kratos Axis Ultra-DLD system. Samples were analyzed using a micro-focused monochromatic Al X-ray source (72 W) over an area of approximately 400 microns. Data was recorded at pass energies of 150 eV for survey scans and 40 eV for high resolution scan with 1 eV and 0.1 eV step sizes respectively. Charge neutralization of the sample was achieved using a combination of both low energy electrons and argon ions. XRD analysis was conducted using a Bruker D8 Advance with Vantec Detector using Cu K-α1 radiation was used to analyze all samples, which were scanned in flat plate mode from 20-80° at a scan rate of 0.27° min-1 (4 hours per sample). H2, CO and CO2 TPD analysis were conducted using a Micrometrics AutoChem II 2920 V4.03 Automated Catalyst Characterization System with Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD). Samples were subjected to temperature programmed reduction up to 1000 °C at 10 °C min-1 (50 sccm 5% H2 in Ar), pulse chemisorption of the desired analysis gas (50 sccm, 5% in He) and subsequent TPD. A detailed simulation methodology for the molecular dynamics simulations can be found in the ESI.Data processing was conducted using Microsoft Excel. The document used for processing of GC-MS data is attached here. Particle sizes were measured using the ImageJ image processing package from TEM images
Dataset for "Lipid metabolism links nutrient-exercise timing to insulin sensitivity in overweight men"
Get PDFThe aim of the present work was to assess the acute and chronic effects of manipulating nutrient-exercise timing on lipid metabolism, skeletal muscle adaptation, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men. This project comprised two experiments. We first assessed the acute metabolic and mRNA responses to manipulating nutrient-exercise timing (Acute Study), followed by a 6-week randomized controlled trial to assess the longer-term adaptations in response to nutrient-exercise timing (Training Study). We showed that in overweight/obese, but otherwise healthy men (mean±SD for age: 30 ± 10 years for acute study, 35 ± 9 years for training study and BMI: 30.2±3.5 kg/m-2 for acute study, 30.9±4.5 kg/m-2 for training study) a single exercise bout before versus after nutrient provision increased lipid utilization at the whole-body level, but also in both type I (p<0.01) and type II muscle fibers (p=0.02). We then used a 6-week intervention to show sustained, 2-fold increases in lipid utilization with exercise training before versus after nutrient provision (p<0.01). An oral glucose-derived estimate of peripheral insulin sensitivity (OGIS index) increased when training was performed before versus after nutrient provision (25±38 vs -21±32 mL/min/m-2; p=0.01) and this was associated with increased lipid utilization during exercise (r=0.50, p=0.02). Regular exercise prior to nutrient provision augmented remodelling of skeletal muscle phospholipids and muscle expression of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (p<0.05). These responses were observed despite similar changes in body mass, waist-to-hip ratio, and oxidative capacity. Therefore: 1) experiments investigating exercise training and metabolic health need to control for nutrient-exercise timing; 2) exercise performed before versus after nutrient intake may exert beneficial effects on lipid utilization and oral glucose insulin sensitivity.Supplementary (individual participant) data are included in this data set for reported outcome measures.
Detailed data collection methods are included in the documentation (readme) file
Dataset for "The importance of thermal modelling and prototyping in transitional shelter design"
No full textThe dataset describes monitored environmental conditions of unoccupied shelter prototypes in the refugee camp of Azraq (Jordan). The monitored environmental conditions are temperature and relative humidity every hour both outdoors and indoors. The 7 shelter prototypes include a control shelter without modifications and 6 variants implementing a range of passive measures (increased ventilation, insulation, thermal mass and/or roof shades)
Dataset on experimental data available in the literature on "Medium chain carboxylic acids from complex organic feedstock by mixed culture fermentation"
No full textThis dataset was created as a compilation of experimental data in the literature on the production of medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) by microbial mixed cultures (MMC) fermentation. The intention was to provide a dataset as comprehensive as possible that includes the majority of experimental results available in this research area to the best of our knowledge. The focus lied on MMC-based studies processing complex organic feedstock, yet selected studies were included on synthetic substrates. The relevant literature studies were collected and experimental results categorized according to bioreactor operation, i.e. batch, fed-batch and (semi-)continuous. Operational parameters, such as feedstock type, organic loading rate, temperature, etc., were extracted from information reported in studies and placed alongside product outcome in terms of MCCA production for each experiment. This dataset forms the backbone of the discussion and figure generation of the literature review "Medium chain carboxylic acids from complex organic feedstock by mixed culture fermentation" by V. De Groof, M. Coma, T. Arnot, D. Leak, A. Lanham. Published in MDPI Molecules: Special Issue "Chemicals from Food Supply Chain By-Products and Waste Streams" 2019.The experimental data was collected through literature review. Studies were included that specifically target chain elongation in mixed microbial culture fermentation, but the scope was extended to include other studies that have noted chain elongation products as by-products from, for instance, volatile fatty acids (short chain carboxylic acids) or hydrogen production. Studies were selected via various research data bases based on topic relevance and key word combinations (e.g. "medium chain carboxylic acids", "medium chain fatty acids", "chain elongation in mixed cultures", ...) combined with authors' expertise in the research area and data availability.Experimental values were copied from cited studies and converted to uniform units using conversion constants given in "Read me" tab. Where data was not available or not applicable for the particular experiment "NA" is placed. Experiments were ordered according to reactor operation style, and processed for generating Figures provided in the accompanying paper.Comments provided in single spreadsheet cell provide further information regarding calculation or estimation method
Dataset for "Strategies for Deposition of LaFeO3 Photocathodes: Improving Photocurrent with a Polymer Template"
No full textLaFeO3 (LFO) has been shown to be an active photocathode for solar water splitting on illumination of visible light, but is restricted by low surface area and relatively low photocurrents achieved. The work herein utilizes a variety of different film deposition methods for LFO photocathodes. Doctor blading of LFO powders (LFO-A), milling and exfoliation of LFO powders deposited by spray pyrolysis (LFO-B), deposition of LFO nitrate precursors by spray pyrolysis (LFO-C) and spin coating of LFO nitrates with a polymer template (Triton X-100) (LFO-D). This dataset includes characterisation of these LFO films including, XRD, XPS, photoelectrochemical measurements and electronic impedance spectroscopy measurements. Datasets are also included from those incorporated within the supplementary information.X-ray diffraction patterns, and photoelectrochemical measurements for samples LFO-A, LFO-B, LFO-C and LFO-D of prepared LaFeO3 films on FTO-ABS glass slides were obtained.XRD diffraction patterns were obtained from a STOE STADI P double setup, equipped with Mythen detectors, using pure Cu-Kα1 radiation (λ= 1.540562 Å) with a range of 2θ from 20 to 80°.
PEC measurements were carried out in a three electrode PEC quartz cell with working electrode, Pt counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and a 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte of pH 12. A 300 W Xe lamp equipped with an AM1.5G solar simulator filter (LOT Quantum Design) was used with an 8mm-diameter masked area. The intensity was measured to be 100 mW cm-2 determined by the distance to the working electrode. An external potential (provided by Ivium CompactStat) was linearly swept from 0.2 to -1.12 VAg/AgCl at a rate of 20 mVs-1 under chopped solar illumination. Stability measurements were held at held at 0.43 VRHE for 1 h. IPCE measurements were conducted at 0.29 VRHE.
Electronic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements for RC limited current calculations were carried out in 0.1 M NaSO4 with a DC of -0.3 VAgCl and AC potential frequency range 105-0.1 Hz with an amplitude of 5 mV under dark conditions. Experimental transient photocurrents were obtained under chopped illumination (1 sun) at 0.3 VAgCl with a data collection interval of 0.01 s.
Electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) measurements were carried out by conducting cyclic voltammetry (CV) between 0.2 to -0.3 VAgCl at varying scan rates between 10 and 250 mV s-1. The difference in anodic and cathodic current densities recorded at -0.03 VAgCl was plotted against scan rate. The double layer capacitance (Cdl) can be calculated by dividing the gradient by two, where Cdl is directly proportional to the ECSA
Dataset for "Partial Cation Substitution Reduces Iodide Ion Transport in Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells"
No full textThe dataset includes UV-Vis, XRD, impedance and JV data for inverted NiO perovskite solar cells where the MA+ cation has been partially substituted.UV-Vis, x-ray diffraction of thin film, impedance spectroscopy at open circuit under illumination and JV curves. A full experimental description is given in the associated paper.Equipment details are given in the supporting information available alongside the associated paper. The data was plotted using Origin 2016 software.The data is organised into sections for different cations and columns are labelled accordingly
Dataset for the Optimised filler materials for high-performance composite structures PhD project in collaboration with GKN Aerospace
No full textThe dataset contains the load-displacement data of the T-joint tensile tests collected during the Optimised Filler Materials for High-Performance Composite Structures PhD project.The data set contains the load-displacement data of T-joint specimens subjected to tensile (pull-off) loading. The displacement refers to the crosshead displacement of the tensile test machine.Tensile test machine used: Instron 3369
Load cell used: 5 k
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