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Dataset for "Developing a biorefinery from spent coffee grounds using subcritical water and hydrothermal carbonisation"
No full textSpent coffee grounds (SCGs) have been extensively investigated as a feedstock to produce fuels, specialty chemicals and materials. Whilst a few reports have used cascade processes to generate several products from SCG, this work takes the novel approach of using integrated subcritical water extraction (SWE) and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) to derive three products: a bioactive extract, a protein isolate (SCG PI) and solid fuel. SWE and HTC processes were optimized producing an antioxidant rich extract, with the chlorogenic acid (CGA) content and antioxidant activity determined. This work goes towards the complete utilisation of SCGs within a biorefinery, highlighting the potential of subcritical water processing to produce commercially viable products across the value chain. In this dataset, the raw concentrations of CGA and all other antioxidants, the yields and proximate analysis of the HTC reactions and the yields of the SWE extractions are all presented.The experimental procedures are fully given in the associated paper.ExcelAll excel spreadsheets include the raw data collection tab and a summary tab, showing the results against the conditions used to build the graphs from the paper
Dataset for "Inventory Routing in a Warehouse: The Storage Replenishment Routing Problem"
No full textThis dataset relates to testing of a heuristic approach using operational research techniques for a specific routing problem in a warehouse, defined as the Storage Replenishment Routing Problem. There are a total of 620 instances, stored as .dat or .txt files, classified into two groups depending on the sizes of the instances. The 300 smaller instances consist of different settings ranging from 25 to 150 pick items and from 3 to 15 replenishment periods. Each setting consists of 10 instances randomly generated by changing the items to be picked in the warehouse, their locations in the warehouse, initial inventory levels, and maximum storage capacities in the forward storage area. The 320 larger instances involve 450 pick items and 15 replenishment periods, with each setting including 10 random instances generated by changing the items to be picked in the warehouse, their locations in the warehouse, initial inventory levels, maximum storage capacities in the forward storage area, and the skewness of the demand (ranging from uniform to 20-80 skewness).
To use any of the instances, the user needs to read the data given in the corresponding text file into the optimisation software or the platform where their heuristic is coded in.
The target audience for this dataset is operational researchers working on developing heuristic approaches for similar routing problems in warehouses.The data has been generated using warehouse parameters from "Roodbergen, K.J. and de Koster, R.B.M. (2001). Routing methods for warehouses with multiple cross aisles. International Journal of Production Research, 39(9): 1865-1883." and using the inventory routing parameters from "Solyali, O. and Sural, H. (2011). A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm Using a Strong Formulation and an A Priori Tour-Based Heuristic for an Inventory-Routing Problem. Transportation Science, 45(3): 335-345." Each instance setting consists of 10 instances, randomly generating the picking demand, maximum inventory levels and initial inventories.No third-party datasets were directly used, but the methodology used in two different papers were replicated. Please see Data Collection Method for sources.The data has been generated using a random instance generator coded in C++ using Microsoft Visual Studio 2019
Dataset for "A patient-industry complex? Investigating the financial dependency of UK patient organisations on drug company funding"
Get PDFThis digital dataset includes Appendices accompanying the paper entitled ‘A “patient-industry complex”? Investigating the financial dependency of UK patient organisations on drug company funding (2012-2016)’.
The Appendices provide (1) raw data analysed in the paper; (2) background details of data collection and analysis; (3) additional research findings and commentary.
The Appendices draw on data extracted from two sources:
A. Yearly disclosure reports published by 62 UK-based drug companies, on their respective websites, including payments made to patient organisations registered as charities in the UK;
B. Yearly financial accounts produced by 399 UK-based patient organisations and published on charity regulator websites.
The data is divided into Appendices which are signposted throughout the Methods and Findings sections of the above-mentioned article.The methodology used to create this dataset is described comprehensively in the Methods section of the paper entitled "A “patient-industry complex”? Investigating the financial dependency of UK patient organisations on drug company funding (2012-2016)".
In short, the data collection process had three stages. First, we downloaded disclosure reports detailing the number and value of payments to patient organisations made by a sample of 108 companies participating in the Disclosure UK initiative in 2015 (https://www.abpi.org.uk/our-ethics/disclosure-uk/). The reports covered the 2012-2016 calendar years. Second, we searched for the annual accounts of patient organisations identified in the drug company payment disclosure reports on the websites of the three UK charity regulators, that is the Charity Commission for England and Wales (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/charity-commission), the Scottish Charity Regulator (https://www.oscr.org.uk/) and the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland (https://www.charitycommissionni.org.uk/). The reports covered the 2012/3-2016/17 financial years. For patient organisations identified with reports identified on the charity regulator websites we extracted the yearly values of income and expenditure. Third, we collected available online information on the following characteristics of patient organisations identified in the drug company payment disclosure reports: organisational goal; presence of members or volunteers; geographical scope of activity headquarter location within the UK; represented disease area.
The data from was initially extracted into separate Excel spreadsheets and subsequently combined for the purposes of analysis.
In total, this online dataset comprises 37 Appendices, providing background details on the data collection, aggregation and analysis as well as additional research results and related commentary.The data was created and prepared for analysis using Excel (primarily "countifs", "sumifs", and "V-lookup" functions).The data is organised into appendices which correspond with specific parts of the Methods and Results section of the paper entitled "A “patient-industry complex”? Investigating the financial dependency of UK patient organisations on drug company funding (2012-2016)"
The Rowntree Business Lectures and the Interwar British Management Movement, 1919-1938
No full textThe literature on inter-war British industrial management has been extremely critical, presenting firms as bring conservative in organisational terms, with only a small number of progressive ones (Hannah 1983). Similarly, other observers have emphasized the grip of tradition on British business culture (Wilson 1995: Wilson and Thomson 2006). Despite these views, we know there was a growing core of British Management thought (Urwick 1956, Child 1969, Bech et al 2010) and a large number of firms employing management consultants (Ferguson 2002). In this context. Quaker employers led by Cadbury and Rowntree led the way with three significant innovations. These were: i. Conferences of Quaker employers (Cadbury conferences); ii. A series of lectures (Rowntree lectures) to enable employers and employees to explore the management challenges facing industry; iii. The establishment of Management Research Group movement by Rowntree. The initiatives led by Rowntree have received rather limited attention with mainly a focus on their structure rather than content (Bech et al 2010; Wilson and Thomson 2006). Our project aims to examine these innovations in greater depth thereby contributing to a clearer understanding of the evolution of British management theory and practice in the inter-war period. It will do so within the context of ideas of knowledge transfer and the importance of communities of practice as represented by the creation of the Management Research Groups. In addition it will create a valuable resource for other researchers in the form of a digitised version of the material.Archival research; oral history. Sources were selected according to themes following the research questions, discovered with assistance from archivists at each archive. Oral archives of individuals involved in the lectures, and were identified from archive holdings as being of the individuals concerned, and were digitised and included in the archive for preservation purposes, whether the material was relevant or not.Digitised primary sources are presented, with associated metadata and transcripts where necessary. Documents were collated from originals held by various archives documented in the metadata; they were photographed or scanned mostly as JPG files, then OCR'd using ABBYY Finereader to create PDF/A documents readable with Adobe Acrobat. Images were scanned as JPGs. Audo files were recovered from variable-speed reel-to-reel tapes, archived as lossless WAV files and converted to MP3 at 256kbps or higher. The Omeka-hosted Archive website URL provides user-friendly access to all data and metadata. The OAI-PMH repository link provides an API which can be used by OAI compliant archives to access or ingest the same data, but will need to be supplemented with OAIPMH commands to extract information
CCDC 2032028: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textExperimental Crystal Structure Determination (CSD) Entry UVUMIK: bis(μ-hydrido)-bis{N²,N⁴-bis[2,6-bis(propan-2-yl)phenyl]pentane-2,4-diiminato}-di-ytterbium(ii). Chemical formula: C₅₈ H₈₄ N₄ Yb₂. Space Group: P b c a (61). Cell: a 15.87460(10)Å b 16.62170(10)Å c 20.5391(2)Å, α 90° β 90° γ 90°.The methodology can be found in the associated paper
Dataset for "Divergent immunometabolic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with ageing in healthy humans"
No full textThis dataset provides all the raw data collected for a trial investigating the impact of ageing on adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and systemic inflammatory and metabolic health in healthy, active, and non-obese Younger (20–35 years) and Older (60–85 years) males. This trial was a cross-sectional characterisation investigating the biological effects of ageing, in humans.Recruitment:
One-hundred and nine individuals undertook preliminary screening, from which 24 males aged 20–35 (n = 12 [Young]) and 60–85 (n = 12 [Old]) years participated based on predetermined eligibility criteria (Table 1). Participants were recruited by local advertisement conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent. Participant recruitment was conducted between August 2016 and March 2018.
Design:
participants attended the laboratory for a preliminary assessment, including body composition, resting metabolic rate, and anthropometric measures. Following this initial visit, potential participants had their physical activity levels monitored across seven consecutive days using a multi-sensor physical activity monitor, and completed weighed food and fluid records across three days. Participants meeting eligibility criteria following these initial assessments attended the laboratory on one more occasion (main experimental visit) to undergo fasted blood sampling, provide an adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsy, followed by a three-hour meal tolerance test.
For preliminary assessment, participants undertook DEXA and pQCT scanning, and RMR assessments and blood pressure monitoring. After this, participant physical activity was monitored for seven consecutive days using a Sensewear multiaxial monitor and recorded weighed diet diaries during this period for three days (2 week days, one weekend day).
Biochemical measures:
Venous blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein. Samples for serum separation were rested at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to centrifugation at 3,000 x g for 10 minutes at 4oC. Plasma samples were immediately centrifuged upon collection and stored at −80oC until analysis. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient separation (Ficoll®, Greiner Bio-One; Stonehouse, UK) in Leucosep® tubes for fresh analysis on the day of collection.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from ~5 cm lateral to the umbilicus with a 14G needle using the needle aspiration method under local anaesthesia (1 % Lidocaine hydrochloride; Hameln Pharmaceuticals; Gloucester, UK).
Skeletal muscle was obtained from the Vastus Lateralis on the dominant leg under local anaesthesia using the Bergström technique
A standardised mixed meal test was chosen to produce a physiological response similar to that of a conventional meal, formulated in-house equating to 2 g / kg body mass (BM) carbohydrate, 0.8 g / kg BM fat, and 0.4 g / kg BM protein. The beverage consisted of: Whey protein (MyProtein; Cheshire, UK); Elmlea double cream (Elmlea; Exeter, UK); Maltodextrin (MyProtein; Cheshire, UK); and 1 pint of whole milk as standard across participants, with 5 drops of vanilla flavouring (MyProtein; Cheshire, UK).
Adipose tissue was cultured, ex vivo, in sterile culture plates (Nunc; Roskilde, Denmark), at a final concentration of 50 mg of tissue per millilitre, in endothelial cell basal medium (PromoCell; Heidelberg, Germany) supplemented with 0.1 % fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 100 U/ mL penicillin and 0.1 mg/ mL streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich; Gillingham, UK), for 3 hours at 37 oC, 5 % CO2, and 95 ± 5 % relative humidity (MCO-18A1C CO2 incubator; Sanyo, Japan)
Adipose tissue (250 to 500 mg) was digested using 250 U/ mL type-I collagenase (Worthington Biochemical; New Jersey, USA) in PBS containing 2 % BSA (pH 7.4) for 45–60 minutes in a shaking water bath (225 r.p.m) at 37 oC
Isolated adipocytes were incubated at 37 oC and 5 % CO2 in DMEM (supplemented with 10 % FBS), whereupon a fraction was serum-starved in 1 mL of unsupplemented DMEM for 30 minutes and then incubated with or without 100 nM of insulin for 30 minutes.
A portion of isolated adipocytes was placed onto a glass slide and cover slip for imaging under a light microscope (Olympus; Tokyo, Japan). Adipocyte diameters were measured using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health; Wisconsin, USA) after image file randomisation to mask participant grouping.
Between 35 and 100 mg of skeletal muscle was placed into 5 mL of DMEM (low glucose, with Glutamax™ GIBCO, Fisher Scientific) at 37 oC in a 60 mm Petri dish. Visible signs of blood were washed away by passing samples into successive Petri dishes containing fresh DMEM. Samples were teased apart using sterile tweezers, after-which, samples were reconstituted in 30 mL of PBS and centrifuged at 400 x g for 5 minutes at 4 oC. Cleaned tissue was digested enzymatically with collagenase B (0.5 U/ mL) in DMEM for one hour at 37 oC and 5 % CO2 rotating at ~40 rpm by a MACSmix™ tube rotator (Miltenyi Biotec; Surry, UK).
Total RNA (including microRNAs) was extracted from frozen adipose tissue (approx. 100 mg) or skeletal muscle samples (30 to 50 mg) using miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen; Crawley, UK) according to manufacturer instructions.Following RNA isolation, samples were DNase treated with TURBO DNase (Thermofisher™; Leicestershire, UK) according to manufacturer instructions, followed by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. The purified RNA pellets were re-suspended in 35 µL of nucleotide-free water each (Thermofisher™; Leicestershire, UK) with 2 μL used for quality control. Thirty microlitres of RNA at a set concentration of 2.1 µg/ 30 µL was sent for RNA-sequencing. RNA-sequencing was performed on RiboZero-treated total RNA, on a HiSeq4000 (Illumina, Inc.; California, US) by the Oxford Genomics Centre (Wellcome Trust; Oxford, UK). In brief, total RNA was quantified using RiboGreen (Invitrogen; California, US) on the FLUOstar OPTIMA plate reader (BMG Labtech GmbH; Aylesbury, UK) and the size profile and integrity analysed on the 2200 or 4200 TapeStation (Agilent, RNA ScreenTape [Agilent Technologies; California, US]). RIN estimates for all samples were between 1.8 and 8.5. Input material was normalised to 200 ng prior to library preparation. Total RNA was depleted of ribosomal RNA using Ribo-Zero rRNA Removal Kit (Epicentre/Illumina, Human [Illumina®; California, US]) following manufacturer’s instructions. Library preparation was completed using NEBNext Ultra II mRNA kit (New England Biolabs Inc.; Massachusetts, US) following manufacturer’s instructions. Libraries were amplified (11 cycles) on a Tetrad (Bio-Rad Laboratories; California, US) using in-house unique dual indexing primers Individual libraries were normalised using Qubit, and the size profile was analysed on the 2200 or 4200 TapeStation. Individual libraries were normalised and pooled together accordingly. The pooled library was diluted to ~10 nM for storage. The 10 nM library was denatured and further diluted prior to loading on the sequencer. Paired end sequencing was performed using a HiSeq4000 75bp platform (Illumina, HiSeq 3000/4000 PE Cluster Kit and 150 cycle SBS Kit), generating a raw read count of >38.5 million reads per sample. FastQ sequencing files were uploaded to the Galaxy web platform (usegalaxy.org) for quality control analysis. Raw sequencing files were splice-aligned to the GRCh38/ hg38 reference genome using Hisat2 with a mapping distance <500 kb between reads. Ensembl (Cambridge, UK) was used to annotate sequencing files against the reference genome. Expression levels (fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads [FPKM]) were estimated using Stringtie. Differential expression analysis was undertaken using Cuffdiff v.7 and Deseq2 using Gencode v.29 as the reference database (GRCh38.p12). Functional annotation analysis was performed in the database for annotation, visualisation, and integrated discovery (DAVID) 6.8 (2019 release) and Genesis 1.8.1. Pathway analysis was performed using Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO)-terms, using a modified Fisher exact test (EASE [expression analysis systematic explorer].
Total proteins from biopsies were recovered from the organic phase of QIAzol-treated tissue samples used for RNA extraction. Organic phases were extracted and processed for western blot analysis. Protein content was determined by BCA protein assay (Thermo Scientific™; Leicestershire, UK).
Multi-parameter flow cytometry on PBMCs and tissue SVFs was undertaken on a FACSAria III.
Baseline blood samples were analysed for plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) using clinical chemistry spectrophotometer (RX Daytona, Randox Laboratories; County Antrim, NI). Quantification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was achieved using the Friedwald equation. nsulin was measured using Insulin ELISA kits (Mercodia, Mercodia AB; Sweden). All other biomarkers were measured by a commercial electrochemiluminescence technology (Mesoscale Diagnostics).Microsoft Exce
Dataset for "Spatial periodicities inside the Talbot effect: understanding, control and applications for lithography"
No full textThis dataset contains the data used to create the figures within the article "Spatial periodicities inside the Talbot effect: understanding, control and applications for lithography" by Pierre Chausse and Philip Shields.
The data comprises one-dimensional and two-dimensional data showing the spatial variation of the light intensity behind grating masks that are illuminated with collimated 375 nm optical radiation. The grating mask period has been varied from 600 nm to 1200 nm.A MATLAB computer model was developed to simulate the operation of a DTL machine in which the light source is a 375 nm UV laser. An optical system generates a plane wave illuminating a conventional lithography mask at normal incidence so that the light arriving at the mask is homogeneous, unpolarised, and in phase. The complex electric field is derived using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the electric field of the mask. As periodic masks are mandatory for DTL, periodic boundary conditions can be applied. Contributions from the different mask regions, propagating behind it, are given amplitudes of 1 and 0 for a chrome amplitude mask, and 1 and -1 for a phase mask. The integration of the three-dimensional light known as the Talbot carpet is then performed. The electric field is multiplied by its conjugate to obtain the surface light intensity.The simulations were performed within MATLAB.Within the main .rar file, each figure has its own compressed .rar file. In each of these, the final figure in .jpg is included, along with the source figure or subfigures in both .tif and MATLAB proprietary .fig formats. The underlying data has also been exported in CSV format.
In the data folder for figure 1, there are two CSV files:
- x.csv corresponds to the x-axis value for each curve;
- y.csv contains the values of the different spatial periodicity, where NaN means no value.
For all the other figures, each subfigure is accompanied by two or three CSV files:
- x.csv is the x-axis points value;
- y.csv is the y-axis points value;
- Data.csv corresponds to the matrix data, where applicable
Dataset for "Novel super-reduced, pedagogical model for scoping net zero buildings''
No full textThe dataset corresponds to (1) the ZEBRA tool, (2) its validation and (3) built-in examples. The ZEBRA tool is a novel, super-reduced, pedagogical model for scoping net zero buildings.
The validation is after ASHRAE Standard 140-2017 for space heating demand intensity after HERS Bestest (Judkoff & Neymark 1995). The built-in examples are domestic buildings located in the UK and are described in the PDF files and implemented in ZEBRA.The validation after HERS BESTEST contains a base model for a single zone, single storey building isolated in Colorado (USA). This base model (ID L100A) is then modified in a series of scenarios targetting different building properties, like glazing ratios, insulation levels, or shading conditions (IDs L110A to L324A and P110A to P150A).
The examples are domestic buildings in the UK built with a desire to deliver a space heating demand better than the average of the national stock. These houses are described with the information that would be typically available early in the design process, following a first sketch of solutions that is meant to be influenced with ZEBRA.The data is stored in plain-text files (either CSV or MD files, encoded in UTF-8) and spreadsheets (xlsx, Microsoft Excel 365, Version 2107 Build 14228.20226).The ZIP file contains a blank version of the ZEBRA tool; a readme file; a folder containing example tasks (as PDF files) and solutions using the ZEBRA tool; and a folder containing a validation suite for the tool
Supplementary materials for "Smoking cessation for improving mental health"
Get PDFSupplementary materials for the Cochrane Review, 'Smoking cessation for improving mental health'. The supplemental files include the modified ROBINS-I tool (S1) employed in the risk of bias assessments and justifications for modifications made to the ROBINS-I tool (S2). Also included are the tables containing the risk of bias judgements for studies contributing to the primary outcomes (S3 - S5) and summary tables for narrative outcomes in the review (S6 - S12).For details of the review methodology, please see the associated review
Dataset for "Non-Volatile Conductive Gels Made From Deep Eutectic Solvents and Oxidised Cellulose Nanofibrils"
No full textThis dataset contain SAXS, rheology, and conductivity data associated with the paper titled "Non-Volatile Conductive Gels Made From Deep Eutectic Solvents and Oxidised Cellulose Nanofibrils" in the form of tab-separated value (TSV) .txt files.Rheological measurements of each sample were made using a stress-controlled Discovery Hybrid Rheometer, Model HR-3 (TA Instruments) with a sand-blasted 40 mm parallel plate geometry. The temperature was kept at either 25, 45, or 65 °C using a Peltier unit (±0.1 °C). Results were copied directly from the software to a tab delimited format.
SAXS data was collected on an Anton-Parr SAXSpoint 2.0, using an SDD of 556.9mm. The instrument is known to have a single dead pixel which sometimes results in an anomolous single-point peak.
Conductivity measurements were made using a Mettler Toledo SevenMulti™. The mixtures were gradually heated from room temperature (~26 °C) to ~65 °C and conductivity measurements taken at regular intervals. Measurements were taken in triplicate for each temperature.All files are presented in tab-separated value (TSV) format
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