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Do Social Enterprises Fulfill Their Social Mission? Comparing Quality Across Ownership Models in Social Care
No full textThis study addresses a foundational question for social enterprise stakeholders: does broad access to commercial revenue generation compromise the social mission of social enterprises? With limited large dataset analysis directed at this question, the social implications of blending mission and market have not been well understood. We use ordered logit regression to compare service quality data from social enterprise Community Interest Companies (CICs) with other ownership models in the social care sector in England. We find that CICs outperformed for-profits and aligned with nonprofit and government-run organizations on key social care quality measure
Do Social Enterprises Fulfill Their Social Mission? Comparing Quality Across Ownership Models in Social Care
No full textThis study addresses a foundational question for social enterprise stakeholders: does broad access to commercial revenue generation compromise the social mission of social enterprises? With limited large dataset analysis directed at this question, the social implications of blending mission and market have not been well understood. We use ordered logit regression to compare service quality data from social enterprise Community Interest Companies (CICs) with other ownership models in the social care sector in England. We find that CICs outperformed for-profits and aligned with nonprofit and government-run organizations on key social care quality measure
When do voters ‘rally around the flag’? The salience of political messages
No full textDoes exposure to conflict harm the electoral prospects of the incumbent government or generate a “rally around the flag” effect? Additionally, what role do politicians and media play in converting conflict exposure into votes? Using exogenous variation in conflict exposure in the home constituencies of deceased soldiers in India and a difference-in-differences regression, we find an increase in incumbent vote share in these constituencies, indicating a significant “rally around the flag” effect. Only conflicts receiving heightened attention in political speeches and media coverage exhibit this effect. These findings highlight the salience of political messages in shaping voter responses to conflict
Developing Resilience with Modular Logic for the Internationalization of Platform MNCs
No full textIn the digital era, platform-based multinational corporations (PMNCs) have risen to global prominence, fundamentally differing from traditional multinational corporations (TMNCs) in their business models, internationalization strategies, and external environmental challenges. These distinctions demand specialized capabilities to navigate the complexities of global markets. Modularity has emerged as a critical mechanism for fostering resilience in PMNCs, equipping them to adapt and thrive amid international uncertainties. This study presents a conceptual framework grounded in the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm, dissecting resilience development and enhancement into three modular layers: technical architecture, organizational structure, and market configuration. By exploring the synergistic interactions among these layers, the framework reveals how their alignment enhances scalability, flexibility, and adaptability, collectively underpinning the internationalization resilience of PMNCs. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of modularity’s role in supporting global growth and offers strategic insights for navigating the volatile landscape of international business
Sustaining Ecosystems Amid Geopolitical Conflicts:Evidence from Chinese EMNEs
No full textThis study examines how emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) sustain their international operations through ecosystem-level resource orchestration amid geopolitical conflicts. Unlike advanced-market multinational enterprises (AMNEs) that rely on well-established valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable (VRIN) resources, EMNEs often compensate for institutional and resource deficiencies by acquiring VRIN resources abroad while leveraging home-country capabilities. Yet these traditional strategies, developed under assumptions of global integration, are increasingly disrupted by geopolitical shocks that constrain resource mobility and accessibility. Adopting an ecosystem perspective, we investigate how EMNEs coordinate resource flows across home and host ecosystems to adapt to systemic uncertainty. Based on multiple case studies of three Chinese engineering and construction EMNEs, we conceptualize geopolitical-ecosystemic rupture and geopolitical-ecosystemic erosion as dual manifestations of geopolitical disruption that jointly propel EMNE ecosystems into a new sustaining stage of ecosystem evolution. In this stage, firms shift from expansion toward risk mitigation through three ecosystem resource geo-strategies: integrating home-ordinary with host-VRIN resources, bundling home-ordinary with host-ordinary resources, and reconfiguring home-VRIN with host-VRIN resources. This study advances EMNE theory by revealing how geopolitical conflicts reshape global resource management, extends ecosystem theory by introducing a sustaining stage of evolution, and broadens the resource-based view (RBV) and the composition-based view (CBV) to the ecosystem level, highlighting a shift from resource acquisition to cross-ecosystem recombination and the resilience-enhancing role of host-country ordinary resources
How patron-client relations influence fisheries co-management:A case study of Bangladesh
No full textPatron-client relations have long played a significant role in influencing the management of fisheries and shaping fisherfolk livelihoods. Despite a vast literature on patron-client relations in fisheries, little literature explicitly examines how these relations influence fisheries co-management. This paper responds to this gap by reporting on research into how patron-client relations interact with fisheries co-management, with consequences for how fisheries co-management operates and performs. Taking Bangladesh as a case study, two examples of co-management supported by different donor-funded projects were investigated using a framework to analyse the nature and implications of patron-client relations on co-management. The research drew on the concepts of hidden and invisible power by Gaventa (2006) and the defining characteristics of patron-client relations and co-management to identify three key analytical themes: power relations; obligation and trust; and, cultural norms. The study found that the powerful non-fisherfolk senior males in the Panchayat (village-organization), the patrons in the studied areas, manipulated co-management structures and processes, used patron-client relations in the form of male community leaders (Panchayat)-fisherfolk links and developed informal rules to control access of the fisherfolk to fisheries and credit, to maintain their power and status. Patrons used existing systems of social status that set fishers at the bottom of social ranking and women largely away from public spaces, preventing the co-management systems from being inclusive and empowering. The research confirmed that patron-client relations within a fishing community can significantly shape externally-introduced co-management by influencing who is involved in fisheries co-management and how it functions
World Cinema in Flux Redux
No full textRevised and expanded version of chapter 'Cinemas of Citizens and Cinemas of Sentiment: World Cinema in More Flux' from the first edition of The Routledge Companion to World Cinema</i
The Origin of the State:Land Productivity or Appropriability? Comment
No full textMayshar et al. (2022) apply an instrumental variables identification strategy to data from nearly 1,000 societies included in the Ethnographic Atlas to claim that cultivation of cereals (appropriable by elites), rather than increased land productivity following the adoption of agriculture, led to the development of the state. We show two things. (1) Evidence for the appropriability theory holds when moving from a tribe-chiefdom to a state and not more broadly. (2) Conclusions are driven by a handful of outliers with statistical significance at the 10% level lost with winsorization at 2.1% (or trimming at 1.2%) of locations by cereal advantage
Linking Geo-Models for Geomorphological Classification Using Knowledge Graphs
No full textGeographic computation is an important process in geographic information systems to detect, predict, and simulate geographic entities, events, and phenomena, which is performed through a series of geographic models over geographic data. However, selecting and sequencing appropriate models is challenging for users with limited knowledge. To automate the process of linking models into workflows, a knowledge graph-based approach is proposed. In this approach, the first part is to construct a knowledge graph that integrates knowledge from geographic models and domain experts. Then, an algorithm is designed to assist the constructed knowledge graph in automating model linking. This paper takes the geomorphological classification of the Hengduan Mountains in China as a case study, which geomorphological classification maps are generated by performing querying and computing through the geomorphological classification knowledge graph. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed knowledge graph-based approach links the models into workflows automatically and generates reliable classification results
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