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Playlists and genre:The role of music genre in Spotify’s playlists
Get PDFPurposeGenre is a valuable access point for popular music collections; however, the blurring of genre boundaries combined with changing listening habits and new forms of classification have brought genre’s importance into question. The playlist is now a common means of classification on music streaming platforms. Recent commentary suggests that context is now a preferred access point. This exploratory study offers an examination of genres’ role in playlists.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods study investigates, using Spotify, whether genre retains relevance amidst the rise in popularity of playlist-based music classification. Sample size is noted as a limitation of the study.FindingsQualitative coding of user and editorial playlist names revealed less than 20% of codes applied were genre-based. However, when non-genre themes were differentiated, genre themes ranked as one of the most prevalent. Context-based themes were most common, though genre was readily combined with other descriptive themes, highlighting its utility. Quantitative analysis of genre tags showed playlists with context-based themes demonstrated higher genre homogeneity than those using generic themes, indicating playlists were named on a genre-by-proxy basis.Originality/valueThe study suggests that genre continues to play an integral role in a field where an eclectic variety of descriptive themes has emerged, although its role may have changed. Context-based themes are central to the way users organise music, though such terms can often serve as containers for music collections sharing distinct generic and musicological similarities
Designing a Virtual Toolkit for Analysing Planetary Science Data in Virtual Reality
No full textTo understand the surface evolution and potential habitability of other planets we must analyse their geology – the 3D structure and chemistry of the rocks that are exposed at the surface. Although rovers capture this 3D structure using stereo camera systems and other instruments, when we present this information to mission scientists for analysis it is generally confined to the 2D plane of a computer screen, and the spatial information is lost at the point when it is needed most. To address this problem, we design, develop, and evaluate a prototype Virtual Environment to present geological data in the 3D form in which it was originally captured, and users are supplied with a toolkit for measurement and annotation of data. We observed that users were inspired by the environment and felt more connected to it because they could move within the data; they valued the tools but did not trust the scale and therefore did not always trust the results. We conclude with recommendations for others working in this application area, and pose a series of questions for future research
Self-Organizing Type-2 Fuzzy Double Loop Recurrent Neural Network for Uncertain Nonlinear System Control
No full textNonlinear systems, such as robotic systems, play an increasingly important role in our modern daily life and have become more dominant in many industries; however, robotic control still faces various challenges due to diverse and unstructured work environments. This article proposes a double-loop recurrent neural network (DLRNN) with the support of a Type-2 fuzzy system and a self-organizing mechanism for improved performance in nonlinear dynamic robot control. The proposed network has a double-loop recurrent structure, which enables better dynamic mapping. In addition, the network combines a Type-2 fuzzy system with a double-loop recurrent structure to improve the ability to deal with uncertain environments. To achieve an efficient system response, a self-organizing mechanism is proposed to adaptively adjust the number of layers in a DLRNN. This work integrates the proposed network into a conventional sliding mode control (SMC) system to theoretically and empirically prove its stability. The proposed system is applied to a three-joint robot manipulator, leading to a comparative study that considers several existing control approaches. The experimental results confirm the superiority of the proposed system and its effectiveness and robustness in response to various external system disturbances.</p
Optimisation of multiple clustering based undersampling using artificial bee colony:Application to improved detection of obfuscated patterns without adversarial training
Get PDFAttack detection is one of the main features required in modern defence systems. Despite the ongoing research, it remains challenging for a typical mechanism like network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) to catch up with evolving adversarial attacks. They specifically aim to confuse a machine-learning based predictor. Without the knowledge of adversarial patterns, the best approach is generalising signatures learned from a dataset of legitimate connections and known intrusions. This work focuses on analysing non-payload traffics so that the resulting techniques can be exploited to a range of network-based applications. It investigates a novel means to deal with the problem of imbalanced classes. An optimised undersampling method is introduced to select a subset of majority-class representatives initially created through an ensemble clustering procedure. A weighted combination of criteria representing distributions within and between classes is proposed as the objective function for a global optimisation using the artificial bee colony (ABC). This approach usually outperforms its baselines and other state-of-the-art undersampling models, with ABC being more effective using the global best strategy than a random selection of solutions or an iterative greedy search. The paper also details the parameter analysis offering a heuristic guide for potential taking up of the proposed techniques.</p
PanCam Operations Toolkit (PCOT)
No full textThe Pancam Operations Toolkit is a Python application and library primarily intended for processing data from the Pancam instrument on the Rosalind Franklin rover, although it lends itself to any task involving processing multispectral image data. For example, with PCOT you can: load ENVI (BSQ interleaved 4-byte float) and (to a basic level) PDS4 multispectral images load multiple images in other formats (e.g. PNG) and combine them into multispectral images define regions of interest in the data perform mathematical operations view spectra and histograms and many other things besides. PCOT is highly extensible and open-source, so any missing functionality is easily added. PCOT operates on a graph model - the data is processed through a set of nodes which manipulate it in various ways (e.g. add regions of interest, perform maths, splice images together, merge image channels, plot spectra). A PCOT document describes this graph, and we intend that documents are distributed along with the data they generate to help reproducibility
Range expansions and gene flow along a changing coast: Interactions of larval dispersal, climate change and ocean sprawl
No full textRaw data and SNP files from Phorcus lineatus tGBS analysis. PL.snps.78outliers.vcf contains the SNPs identified as statistical outliers putatively under selection by either PCAdapt or OutFLANK. PL.snps.9071neutrals.vcf contains the SNPs that were not identified as statistical outliers putatively under selection by either PCAdapt or OutFLANK. md5.raw.txt contains a list of the Phorcus lineatus samples included in tGBS analysis and the gz files contain the raw tGBS data for each sample
Additional file 2 of Elevating larval source management as a key strategy for controlling malaria and other vector-borne diseases in Africa
No full textSupplementary Material 2
Manx Lexicology and Etymology:Four Case Studies
No full textThe present contribution examines four Manx words whose history, as far as I am aware, has not previously been explained, as well as providing a brief introduction to the topic of Manx etymology and lexicology. Each of the case studies illustrates semantic and phonological developments which are likely to be of comparative interest to scholars of Gaelic language and literature, including the apparent survival of high-register terminology originally connected with kinship law (croiaght = croaigecht; ingan = ingen [ar méraib]) and satire (oltooan = ail tsuthain).<br/
A practical UAV-assisted workflow for high-throughput screening of drought-resistant rice
No full textRice is the main food for half of the global population, but drought is one of the main abiotic stresses affecting rice yield. Therefore, breeding rice varieties with enhanced drought resistance is an essential strategy to ensure food security. Varieties with stronger drought resistance typically exhibit lower degrees of leaf withering and higher yields under drought. However, no automatic screening model for drought resistance in rice has yet been established that accounts for leaf wilting and post-drought yield. To improve the screening efficiency and accuracy, it is urgent to develop a standardized pipeline for high-throughput drought-resistance rice evaluation. This study established a set of standardized workflows for screening drought-resistance rice in complex population based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Firstly, we defined five levels (Level 1–5) of rice leaf withering and developed an efficient and automatic UAV RGB (red-green-blue) image processing software PLOT ASSISTANT. Secondly, based on manual measurement and UAV images, we constructed a leaf withering assessment model and a rice drought-resistance prediction model in terms of final yield under drought stress. Among leaf withering assessment models, the MobileNet model introducing spatial attention mechanism based on transfer learning exhibited the highest assessing accuracy (R2 =0.94, MSE=0.08). The rice drought-resistance prediction model introducing coordinate inverse projection successfully screened the top 5 % of drought-resistant rice varieties with the highest yield (F1 = 0.95, Precision=0.95, and Recall= 0.96). Using our method, the screening of the desirable drought-resistant rice varieties could be accomplished at the early growth stage, and will drastically reduce time and labor consumption for manual trait measurement during traditional screening. Furthermore, the screening model could work in complicated big population including not only Japonica rice but also Indica or median type between Japonica and Indica. Last, using the image-traits from the UAV, we also identified 1942 novel genetic loci associated with drought-resistance providing valuable resources for future research and breeding aimed at enhancing drought resistance of rice.</p
Manx Lexicology and Etymology:Four Case Studies
No full textThe present contribution examines four Manx words whose history, as far as I am aware, has not previously been explained, as well as providing a brief introduction to the topic of Manx etymology and lexicology. Each of the case studies illustrates semantic and phonological developments which are likely to be of comparative interest to scholars of Gaelic language and literature, including the apparent survival of high-register terminology originally connected with kinship law (croiaght = croaigecht; ingan = ingen [ar méraib]) and satire (oltooan = ail tsuthain).<br/