Publikationer från Umeå universitet
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Where are the ethics? : Religions and their ethical values in textbooks
No full textMålet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera etik grundad i religiösa perspektiv i fem olika läromedel för gymnasieskolans Religionskunskap 1, samt att se om det finns en koppling mellan etiken och hur böckerna definierar fenomenet religion. Till syftet har det formulerats en rad frågeställningar vilka lyder: Hur presenterats etik i de utvalda läromedlen? Läggs det fokus på enbart normativ etik eller ges religiösa perspektiv utrymme? , Finns det en koppling mellan hur läromedlet definierar religion med hur religionerna sedan presenteras? I sådana fall, hur? , Läggs det större fokus på substantiell, funktionell eller levd religion? Finns det något samband med mängden etik? och Läggs det större fokus vid signaletik eller centraletik inom vardera religionen? I resultatet gick det att utläsa att det finns viss koppling mellan religionsdefinition och eventuell etik, där böcker med en huvudsakligen substantiell definition gav visst utrymme för detta i sina beskrivningar, samt att substantiella beskrivningar med tydliga etiska drag ofta även var i linje med levd religion. Det gick även att se att alla böcker olika utförligt kopplade in religion i beskrivningar av de normativa teorierna.The aim of this study is to examine and analyse ethics based on religious perspectives in five different textbooks for the upper secondary course Religious Studies 1, as well as to see if there is a connection between the ethics and how the books define religions as a phenomenon. For this purpose, a series of questions have been formulated: How is ethics presented in the selected textbooks? Is the focus solely on normative ethics, or are religious perspectives given space? , Is there a connection between how the textbooks define religion with how the religions are subsequently presented? If so, in what way? , Is greater focus on substantial, functional or lived religion? Is there any correlation with the amounts of ethics? and Is greater focus placed on signal ethics or central ethics within each religion? In the results it was possible to deduce some sort of connection between definition of religion and any ethics, where books who used a mostly substantial definition gave some space for it in their descriptions, as well as any substantial description with clear ethical traits also fell in line with lived religion. It was also possible to see that all books to some degree associated religion in their descriptions of the normative theories
An immunohistochemistry-based classification of colorectal cancer resembling the consensus molecular subtypes using convolutional neural networks
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major global disease burden with nearly 1 million cancer-related deaths annually. TNM staging has served as the foundation for predicting patient prognosis, despite variation across staging groups. The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) is a transcriptome-based system classifying CRC tumors into four subtypes with different characteristics: CMS1 (immune), CMS2 (canonical), CMS3 (metabolic), and CMS4 (mesenchymal). Transcriptomics is too complex and expensive for clinical implementation; therefore, an immunohistochemical method is needed. The prognostic impact of the immunohistochemistry-based four CMS-like subtypes remains unclear. Due to the complexity and costs associated with transcriptomics, we developed an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based method supported by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to define subgroups that resemble CMS biological characteristics. Building on previous IHC-classifiers and incorporating β-catenin to refine differentiation between CMS2- and CMS3-like profiles, we categorized CRC tumors in a cohort of 538 patients. Classification was successful in 89.4% and 15.9% of tumors were classified as CMS1-like, 35.1% as CMS2-like, 38.7% as CMS3-like, and 11.7% as CMS4-like. CMS2-like patients exhibited the best overall survival (p = 0.018), including when local and metastasized disease were analyzed separately. Our method offers an accessible and clinically feasible CMS-inspired classification, although it does not serve as a replacement for transcriptomic CMS classification
Samvaro på Ön : Architecture for Everyday Care and Togetherness
No full textMany elderly in Sweden live alone, not by choice, but because institutional alternatives are often worse. These environments tend to be sterile, isolated, and designed around control rather than care. Meanwhile, students face housing shortages and end up in repetitive dormitories that lack identity, much like care homes. This project proposes a different approach: a shared home where elderly people and students live together and share everyday life. Located on northern Ön in Umeå, the project transforms a former machine hall. The main timber structure is preserved, with parts removed to improve light, circulation and clarity. New volumes shape a central courtyard. How can architecture support a sense of belonging through everyday life and reuse? Belonging is encouraged by spatial strategies that invite informal encounters while respecting personal space, such as sliding walls, built-in seating, and a layout balancing openness with privacy. Sustainability is embedded in the layout through an integrated water system. Greywater is collected along the circulation core, cleaned in constructed wetlands in the courtyard, and reused for toilet flushing. The wetlands are part of the shared environment, visible through reeds and water. Rather than building new or preserving blindly, this project builds on what already exists, creating a home where aging is supported through connection. A place shaped by everyday life, where people can live, age, and grow together
Statistisk analys av ramp- och generator beteenden i jordens bogchock med hjälp av en bogchocks databas skapad från Magetosperic Multiscale mission mätdata
No full textThe terrestrial bow shock is a collisionless shock formed in the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth’s magnetosphere. At the bow shock, the solar wind is rapidly compressed and heated, and the magnetic field magnitude is increased. This forms the bow shock ramp. Within the fluid model description of a plasma, we expect the ramp to act as a generator, converting kinetic energy into thermal and electromagnetic energy. This generator is then expected to connect to load regions, either directly upstream and downstream of the ramp or at more distant locations, where the energy can be transferred back to the particles through acceleration. In reality, a generator ramp is not guaranteed. The goal of our statistical analysis is to study the power density (E · J) in the terrestrial bow shock ramp and surrounding plasma regions, in order to explain the distribution of generator and load behaviours and the variation in ramp generator capacity. We therefore study the power density’s dependence on upstream and downstream disturbances, the angle between the bow shock normal and the interplanetary magnetic field θBn, the upstream ion beta β and the Alfvén Mach number MA. In order to make this statistical analysis we require a reliable dataset of ramp intervals, with associated upstream and downstream intervals for parameter calculations. We therefore create an in-house database of Magnetospheric Multiscale mission bow shock ramps, using approximate ramp timestamps from the SHARP Shock database. For our analysis, we use a ramp interval dataset of 217 bow shock crossings from our database, and θBn, β and MA imported from the SHARP Shock database. Our results show that only ∼ 60% of the ramps exhibit a generator behaviour. We hypothesize that the non-generator behaviour is due to disturbances upstream and downstream of the ramp, since the disturbances can cause a solar wind kinetic energy to be converted before it reaches the ramp. In our study we see a decrease in generator capacity at the ramp with increased disturbances in the surrounding plasma regions, as we expect. From our study, we also note a decrease in ramp generator capacity for increasing β and MA. We suggest that the power density’s dependence on β and MA, is mainly due to a dependence on the upstream magnetic field magnitude |B|. Since |B| downstream is on average three times as large as |B| upstream, and the current density J is calculated from the |B| variation over the ramp, we hypothesize that the magnitude of J at the ramp (and therefore also the power density) depends on |B| upstream. This hypothesis is supported by our results
Explainable machine learning for multiscale thermal conductivity modeling in polymer nanocomposites with uncertainty quantification
No full textGraphene-based polymer nanocomposites show great potential for thermal management, but accurately predicting their thermal conductivity remains challenging due to multiscale structural complexity and parameter uncertainty. We propose an innovative approach integrating interpretable stochastic machine learning with multiscale analysis to predict the macroscopic thermal conductivity of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites. Our bottom-up framework addresses uncertainties in meso- and macro-scale input parameters. Using Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) and Finite Element Modeling (FEM), we compute effective thermal conductivity through homogenization. Predictive modeling is powered by the XGBoost regression tree-based algorithm. To elucidate the influence of input parameters on predictions, we employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), providing insights into feature interactions and interpretability. Sensitivity analyses further quantify the impact of design parameters on material properties. This integrated method enhances prediction accuracy, reduces computational costs, and bridges data-driven and physical modeling, offering a scalable solution for designing advanced composite materials for thermal management applications
Informal Caregiving and the Caregiver’s Health : An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Informal Care Provision and Caregiver Health in Austria and Germany
No full textInformal caregivers provide a significant contribution to meeting the long-term care (LTC) demand in Western countries. Whilst the literature is mixed on the physical health effect of informal care provision on the caregiver, results on mental health show a clear negative relationship between informal caregiving and various mental health metrics. To investigate this relationship in the Austrian and German context, data from waves 1 to 9 (excl. 3) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is used to acquire an unbalanced panel of 27,904 observations for 12,476 unique individuals. Fixed-effects approaches in linear and logit forms are used to estimate models for physical and mental health, respectively. Both models are estimated for the overall sample, as well as for stratified subsets to account for gender and country of residence. The findings of this study echo those of existing literature. Informal care exhibits a negative relationship with physical health in the overall sample, but this significant result disappears in the stratified subsets, reflecting the mixed results of earlier studies. However, informal caregivers consistently exhibit worse mental health than their non-caregiving counterparts, even in subsets stratified by country and gender. The odds of significant depressive symptoms are approximately doubled for informal caregivers in the overall sample compared to non-caregivers, suggesting that the mental health needs of informal caregivers need to be urgently addressed by policymakers and governments. Additionally, clear gender discrepancies regarding the increased odds of depression (137% increase in women vs. 56% in men) imply the need to further investigate and address inequalities present within populations providing informal care. Whilst the presented methods could not establish causality, the acquired results show a clear need for further investigation of the impact of informal care on caregivers’ health against the background of increasing LTC demand
DEMAND FOR ALCOHOL IN SWEDEN : Did the pandemic and health concern influence the demand?
No full textAbstract This study employs rigorous econometric methods, specifically instrumental variables (IV) and the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), to analyze determinants of alcohol consumption in Sweden, emphasizing price sensitivity, income effects, health awareness, and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing panel data covering 21 counties, the study reveals substantial negative price elasticity, underscoring the efficacy of pricing and taxation policies to curtail alcohol consumption. Findings also highlight nuanced consumer behaviors across different alcoholic beverages, with wine demonstrating the highest price sensitivity. The impact of health awareness on alcohol consumption was found to be contrary to expectation, as increased health concerns during the pandemic correlated with a modest increase in alcohol demand, potentially indicating stress-related coping mechanisms. Regional variations, particularly in border areas, showed distinctive purchase patterns influenced by cross-border restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemi
Analys of Longitudinal Data with Linear Mixed Model : An Empirical Study of the Global Life Expectancy
No full textDenna uppsats undersöker metodologiska angreppssätt för analys av longitudinella data, med en empirisk studie av den globala ökningen i förväntad livslängd vid födseln som ett illustrativt exempel. Det teoretiska ramverket behandlar hur dessa modeller kan hantera den beroendestruktur som uppstår genom upprepade mätningar över tid, samt hur variation både mellan och inom individer kan modelleras. Med utgångspunkt i data från Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO), som omfattar 179 länder under perioden 2000 till 2015 och som förbehandlats genom imputering av en extern aktör, används en linjär mixed-modell för att beakta skillnader i livslängd vid baslinjen, förändringar över tid samt varierande utveckling av spädbarnsdödlighets effekt mellan länder. En autoregressiv struktur för residualerna inkluderas för att hantera den tidsmässiga beroendestrukturen inom länder. Den empiriska studien tjänar främst som ett exempel för att demonstrera praktisk tillämpning av teoretiska begrepp, snarare än att utgöra uppsatsens huvudsakliga fokus. Arbetet belyser fördelarna med linjära mixade modeller vid analys av komplexa longitudinella datamönster och betonar vikten av korrekt specifikation av kovariansstrukturen för att uppnå tillförlitlig statistisk inferens. Vidare diskuteras de grundläggande antaganden som modellen bygger på samt hur betydelsen av dessa antaganden kan variera beroende på den specifika forskningsfrågan.This thesis examines the methodological approaches for analysing longitudinal data, using an empirical investigation of the global increase in life expectancy at birth as an illustrative case. The theoretical framework explores how these models can account for the dependency that arises from repeated measurements over time, and how both variation between and within individuals can be modeled. Drawing on data from the World Health Organization covering 179 countries from 2000 to 2015, pre-processed with imputation by an unaffiliated source and comprising a range of socioeconomic and health-related variables, we employ a linear mixed model that accounts for differences in baseline life expectancy, changes over time, and varying trajectories of infant mortality’s effect across countries. An autoregressive structure of the residuals is included to account for within-country temporal dependence. This empirical study serves primarily as an example to demonstrate the practical implementation of theoretical concepts, rather than being the primary focus of the thesis. The paper highlights the advantages of linear mixed models for analyzing complex longitudinal data patterns and emphasizes the importance of correctly specifying the covariance structure to obtain reliable statistical inference. Furthermore, we discuss the fundamental assumptions underlying the model and how the importance of these assumptions may vary depending on the specific research question.
The Church Assembly and the voluntary work : The view of non profit co-workers, in the motions to the Church Assembly of the Church of Sweden
No full textEvaluation report of the ICBILITY programme in Sweden
No full textThe primary objective of this evaluation research has been to conduct a pilot study of the Integrative Complexity (IC) Training Course in Sweden, during the initial three-year period 2019-2021, and with extended prolongation through to December 2024. The IC training course was developed and directed through the University of Cambridge. The Swedish course was initially named IC Sverige, and then changed to ICbility, which will be the reference name for the Swedish course in this evaluation report. The Swedish version of this course has been designed for youth, young adult populations, and adults working with these populations in non-clinical contexts. It can best be classified under the area of mental health promotion resources, and the underlying general design has been used in a variety of international settings to address extremism, and for building resilience to avoid extremist thinking