Publikationer från Umeå universitet
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FAKTORER BAKOM SYNEN PÅ PROSTITUTION : EN TVÄRNATIONELL JÄMFÖRELSE
No full textAbstract This study investigates how public attitudes toward prostitution vary across European countries, focusing on the interaction between legal frameworks, economic context, and individual-level values. Using data from the European Values Study (2017), we analyze support for prostitution in relation to gender, education, religion, political orientation, moral liberalism, GDP per capita, and national legal models, including regulated legalization, the Nordic model, and full criminalization. Multiple regression analyses show that moral liberalism is the most consistent and powerful predictor of support. Gender is also significant, with women expressing lower support across all contexts. The effect of education varies by legal environment, suggesting that it doesn´t have a universal effect, rather that it depends on context. The analysis is grounded in a multi-theoretical framework combining modernization theory (Inglehart & Welzel), institutional theory (Rothstein), and sociopolitical theories of sexuality and power. Rothstein’s concept of Quality of Government is used to explore how formal institutions, and informal norms jointly shape public attitudes. Drawing on Foucault’s notion of biopolitics, we examine how states regulate sexuality as a form of population governance. Radical feminist theory helps explain the persistent gender gap in attitudes, while Gayle Rubin’s theory of the sexual hierarchy provides insight into cross-national variation in normative tolerance. Altogether, the findings suggest that prostitution policy is not only a legal or moral issue but a reflection of deeper institutional logics and power structures
Existentiell hälsa i psykiatrisk hälso- och sjukvård : En litteraturöversikt
No full text Syftet med denna forskningsöversikt är att undersöka hur ett existentiellt perspektiv i psykiatrisk hälso- och sjukvård kan främja psykisk hälsa. Utgångspunkt är den stigande psykiska problematiken bland unga i Sverige. Särskilt fokus i uppsatsen ligger på hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorers potentiella roll i arbetet med existentiell hälsa i Sverige samt frågan om hur implementering av ett existentiellt perspektiv kan se ut inom psykiatrisk hälso- och sjukvård. Studien är en scoping review och följer en kvalitativ ansats som innehåller en tematisk analys av tidigare forskning på området i de nordiska länderna. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till ett bio-psyko-socialt perspektiv, hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorers professionella kompetens, sjukvårdens organisering i Sverige samt en begreppsförklaring av existentiell hälsa. Resultatet visar att arbetet med existentiell hälsa stärker patienters reflektionsförmåga och skapar tid till samtal om mening. Det existentiella arbetet innebär också en holistisk syn på patienten och ett patientfokuserat arbete. Professionella har generellt en positiv attityd och vilja att arbeta med existentiella frågor, men har behov av stöd och kompetensutveckling. Även stärkta organisatoriska strategier för att skapa tid och riktlinjer för existentiellt arbete framkommer som viktiga. Forskningsöversikten belyser ungdomars särskilda behov i arbetet med existentiell hälsa och framhäver därmed hälso- och sjukvårdens centrala roll och ansvar. Författarna drar slutsatsen att ett bio-psyko-socialt-existentiellt perspektiv kan utvidga professionellas syn på patientens problematik och bidra till en mer personcentrerad vård i ett individualiserat samhälle. Nyckelord: Existentiell hälsa, psykisk ohälsa, hälso- och sjukvårdskuratorer, ungdomar The aim of this literature review is to investigate how an existential perspective in psychiatric health care can promote mental health. The starting point is the rising mental health problems among young people in Sweden. In particular, the thesis focuses on the potential role of health care counsellors in addressing existential health in Sweden and on how an existential health perspective can be implemented in psychiatric care. The study is a scoping review and follows a qualitative approach that includes a thematic analysis of previous research in the Nordic countries. The results are discussed in the light of a bio- psycho-social perspective, the professional competence of health care counsellors, the organisation of health care in Sweden and a conceptual explanation of existential health. The results show that addressing existential health strengthens patients' ability to reflect and creates time for dialogue about meaning. Existential health work also involves a holistic view of the patient and patient-centred work. Professionals generally have a positive attitude and willingness to work with existential health issues but need support and skills development. Strengthening organisational strategies to create time and guidelines for existential work is important. The literature review highlights the special needs of young people in the work with existential health and emphasises the central role and responsibility of health care. The authors conclude that a bio-psycho-social-existential perspective can broaden the professionals' view of the patient's problems and contribute to a more person-centred care in an individualised society. Keywords: existential health, mental illness, health care counsellors, adolescent
The Price of Semiconductors and the Macroeconomy : A Real Business Cycle Approach
No full textAs technology advances, so does the demand for its key input factors. Semiconductors, arguably the most valuable input in today’s post-oil world have become critically important for the global economy. This was clearly manifested when supply chains were disrupted during the Covid-19 pandemic. For Sweden, a small open economy with significant reliance on international trade and high-tech manufacturing, prolonged semiconductor shortages could pose serious economic challenges. In this thesis, I develop a small open economy Real Business Cycle (RBC) model to examine the macroeconomic impact of a prolonged increase in the world price of semiconductors. The model incorporates semiconductors as an imported intermediate input using a CES production function. The model is calibrated using Swedish macroeconomic data. The results show that an exogenous price shock to semiconductors causes a contraction in output, investment, consumption, employment, and real wages. Household debt increases as consumers smooth consumption, while the trade balance initially deteriorates due to Sweden’s dependency on imported semiconductors and the low substitutability of inputs. Sensitivity analyses indicate that a reduction in lumpsum taxation can partially mitigate the negative effects
Hydrochoric seed dispersal of riparian plants follows hydrological patterns closer than geomorphic variation
No full textWater is an important dispersal vector for seeds of riparian plants, but little is known on how this form of dispersal, called hydrochory, varies throughout seasons and through geomorphically different areas. Therefore, we trapped seeds in 25 x 25 Astroturf mats along a free-flowing boreal river for an entire year. Sites mirrored the full range of geomorphic variation in the area and traps were emptied before and after the annual peak flow. The traps collected 2,062 seeds before the spring flood and 16,157 during the spring flood. While most of the seeds were deposited in the summer-low water traps (from now on “water edge”) before the spring flood, they were distributed more equally in the riparian traps (defined as the level 40 cm above the water edge; from now on “riparian zone”) during the spring flood. We found 77 species in total, of which 71 were at least recorded during the spring flood. Species numbers were higher at the water edge than at the riparian zone before and during the spring flood. Only 6.6% of the seeds, from 26 species, were viable. Most viable seeds were found in the water edge traps and, during the spring flood, in the riparian zone traps. While species that are primarily dispersed by water were not the most abundant among the viable seeds, they were the most species-rich group. This means that hydrochory is an important dispersal mechanism for riparian vegetation and an important contributor to riparian plant diversity in free-flowing rivers, and that changes in flow regimes, such as by flow regulation, can affect riparian vegetation composition
SAMBANDET MELLAN PERSONLIGHET, STRESS OCH VAL AV COPING HOS SJUKSKÖTERSKOR I OLIKA VÅRDMILJÖER
No full textAbstract Stress is common in the nursing profession and, along with strategies for managing stress, has long been a central area of research. The aim of this study was to investigate how different personality traits interact with perceived work-related stress and the choice of coping strategies among nurses in various healthcare environments. Three established self-report instruments were used: The Big Five (BFI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Brief COPE-MINI, which measured personality traits, perceived work-related stress, and coping strategies, respectively. The study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, where convenience sample of 151 registered nurses from Swedish hospital responded to a digital survey. Participants worked either in intensive care units or in other hospital wards. Both newly graduated and experienced nurses participated. A multiple regression analysis revealed a relationship between personality and work-related stress, where higher levels of neuroticism were associated with increased stress. The model further showed that the relationship between both personality traits (neuroticism and conscientiousness) and stress was stronger in general hospital wards compared to intensive care units. A multinomial regression analysis indicated a relationship between personality and the choice of coping strategies, where higher levels of neuroticism decreased the likelihood of using avoidant coping. The study concludes that there is a connection between personality, stress, and coping. This knowledge may contribute to important support interventions and valuable resources for education and recruitment within the healthcare sector. Methodological limitations included potential biases and challenges related to the interpretation of the response options in the questionnaire. To minimize the risk of these issues recurring, qualitative in-depth interviews or focus groups on the topic may be beneficial. Keywords: BFI, Big Five Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, PSS, personality traits, work- related stress, Brief COPE-MINI, coping strategies, healthcare environment
Community Dwelling
No full textThis project explores how architecture can counteract involuntary loneliness among the elderly by using dwelling as a tool for social connection. Rooted in the context of Umeå, it responds to the pressing issue of isolation affecting around 15% of Sweden’s older population which has serious impact on mental and physical health. Through site visits and contextual studies, the project identifies the underutilized area beneath and north of the bridge by Strömpilen as a strategic location for intervention. The proposal combines housing with communal infrastructure to foster intergenerational living, daily interaction, and a strong sense of belonging. Programmatic elements include co-housing units, a shared garden, a communal kitchen, and accessible public spaces that encourage spontaneous meetings and collective activities. These are designed to support both private life and social engagement, enhancing well-being and dignity in later life. Beyond its architectural goals, the project aims to reactivate a neglected urban zone and integrate it more fully into the surrounding area, creating a vibrant, connected community hub that promote interactions
Time is a material : The life around Ängsladorna
No full textThis project investigates how architectural design can reactivate public space through narratives of memory, seasonal change, and vernacular structures. Set along Älvtået, a walking path by the Ume River in Umeå, Västerbotten, the work explores how interventions in the landscape can invite people not only to pass through but to pause, engage, and reflect. The project takes its starting point in the Ängslada, a traditional timber hay barn once used for seasonal hay storage in pre-industrial Sweden. Now largely abandoned, these structures remain as spatial traces in the landscape, carrying stories of labor, rhythm, and rural life. Inspired by the photographs of Västerbotten-based documentary photographer Sune Jonsson, the project explores how these traces can be read as material evidence, and how they might inform new spatial narratives. At its core, the project asks: How can we read a place? What remains, and how can time itself be treated as a design material? Two architectural interventions have been developed: a threshold structure guiding movement toward the river or meadow that transitions into social meeting-points, and a contemplative space for silence and stillness. Through narrative-based design, site-specific studies, and seasonal mapping, the project seeks to create a dialogue between past and present, between what has been, and what could be
Developing together : The effect of encounters within art and creativity
No full textWhat can we as architects contribute with in order to decelerate the exponential increase of involuntary loneliness? My BA project is a contribution to decrease involuntary loneliness by welcoming all groups of people to a cultural meeting point available everyday. By reactivating the old boiler central of the paper mill in the city center of Jönköping, I welcome and unite persons in a physical world embraced by art and creativity. A non social building becomes social, becomes a world where the gap between being the viewer and the practitioner is removed. A world where anyone can flourish in their expressions. The boiler central is preserved in order to represent its history and character. The brick facade enfolds the main performance space which is built as a free standing construction with balconies that breaks the squared pattern and continues to the two extended parts: the studio space where one can rent a room suitable for the art they want to practice, and the conservatory inspired lounge space which extends the plaza into the building as well as creates a welcoming relation to the surrounding residential buildings and the shoreline walkway from the city centre by enabling outside performances and new encounters, which in turn creatively and spontaneously activates the site and district. These three parts coexist and overlap each other and the outside space. The old and new basement accommodates dance and theatre practice halls, music recording studios, storage and restrooms
Att dela är att visa omtanke
No full textIn response to the growing issue of involuntary loneliness - especially among young adults and the elderly - this project proposes the adaptive reuse of Skuru School in Nacka, Stockholm, as a shared living and social community space. Set to close in 2025 after 126 years of operation, the school presents an opportunity to transform a historically signifcant yet underused structure into a meaningful site of intergenerational connection. A central focus of the project is the threshold—both physical and social—as a means to challenge isolation and foster interaction. These thresholds appear as shifts in materiality and as intermediate spaces that are neither fully private nor fully public. They enable a gradual transition from solitude to community, encouraging spontaneous, everyday encounters. By reconfguring the school’s institutional character into a more human-scale environment, the design introduces a slower rhythm of life, where details are noticed and interactions feel natural. The spatial composition blends private dwellings with communal areas to support a constant pulse in the building while promoting empathy and inclusion. Through site visits, spatial analysis, and a user-centered design approach, the project explores how architecture can actively address loneliness. It presents collective living as a socially sustainable model that nurtures connection across generations. Since sharing your time and space is the most considerate way of caring for one another.Ofrivillig ensamhet ökar – särskilt bland unga vuxna och äldre – och det här projektet tar sig an problemet genom att ge nytt liv åt Skuru skola i Nacka, Stockholm. När skolan stänger 2025, efter 126 år i bruk, skapas en möjlighet att omvandla en historiskt viktig men tom byggnad till ett gemensamt boende och en social mötesplats för fera generationer. Ett centralt fokus i projektet är tröskeln – både som fysisk gräns och social övergång – som ett verktyg för att bryta isolering och underlätta kontakt. Trösklarna utmanas i form av materialskiften och i mellanutrymmen som varken är helt privata eller offentliga. De skapar en mjuk övergång från ensamhet till gemenskap och uppmuntrar till spontana möten i vardagen. Genom att tona ner skolans institutionella uttryck och skapa en mer människonära skala, formas ett långsammare tempo där detaljer får ta plats och interaktioner sker naturligt. Privata bostäder varvas med gemensamma ytor för att ge byggnaden en levande puls och stärka känslan av omtanke och tillhörighet. Med hjälp av platsbesök, rumslig analys och ett fokus på användarnas behov och upplevelser undersöker projektet hur arkitektur kan motverka ensamhet. Det lyfter fram kollektivboende som en socialt hållbar livsform - där delad tid och plats blir det mest omtänksamma sättet att bry sig om varandra