CaSA NaRA
Not a member yet
2090 research outputs found
Sort by
Značaj leguminoza za organsku poljoprivredu
Get PDFLegume crops are primarily grown for their quality and value-added traits. Apart from their role in human and animal nutrition, they are being increasingly used as medicinal plants in pharmaceutical production. Legumes are of great interest in cultural practices under all farming systems, particularly organic agriculture. They are essential in crop rotations, and are among the most desirable preceding crops that create favourable biophysical conditions within the soil, with high levels of nitrogen naturally accumulating. There are many legumes suitable for companion and cover crops, and in the absence of quality farmyard manure they are sown for green manuring. In organic farming, legumes are environmental corridor components involved in biodiversity protection and restoration, as evidenced through increasing numbers of beneficial species in these isolation belts.Leguminoze su grupa biljaka koje se prvenstveno gaje zbog njihovog kvaliteta i velike upotrebne vrednosti. Osim za ishranu ljudi i domaćih životinja, sve više se koriste i kao lekovite biljke za proizvodnju različitih farmaceutskih preparata. Leguminoze imaju izuzetan agrotehnički značaj u svim sistemima poljoprivredne proizvodnje, a posebno u organskoj poljoprivredi. U plodoredu su nezamenjive kao jedan od najpoželjnijih preduseva, koji zemljište ostavlja u povoljnom biofizičkom stanju, sa visokim sadržajem na prirodan način akumuliranog azota. Veliki broj leguminoza je dobar za gajenje u združenim i pokrovnim usevima, a u nedostatku kvalitetnog stajskog đubriva, seju se kao siderati. U organskoj poljoprivredi mahunarke su sastavni deo eko-koridora koji imaju ulogu da zaštite i obnavljaju biodiverzitet, što se manifestije povećanjem broja korisnih vrsta u ovim izolacionim pojasevima
Uticaj načina rezidbe na prinos i kvalitet grožđa sorte kaberne sovinjon u levačkom vinogorju
Get PDFThe Levack vineyard were carried out in the period of 2012-2013. In tests of the impact of pruning on yield and quality of grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon. Applied breeding form and pruning methods have demonstrated a significant impact on the variation of the studied indicators. Load per vine fruitful buds positively influenced the movement of the number of developed shoots, number of developed clusters, the yield of grape per vine and per hectare, while preserving vegetative potential of vines and grape quality. As the most suitable proved to be a load of 10 buds per m2 or 26 buds per vine.Vršena su uporedna izučavanja uticaja načina rezidbe i stepena opterećenja čokota rodnim okcima na rastenje, rodnost i kvalitet grožđa sorte kaberne sovinjon u levačkom vinogorju
Istorijat gajenja krompira u Crnoj Gori
Get PDFThe beginning of potato growing is associated to Incas. This ancient civilization cultivated potatoes of all shapes, colours and flavours 10,000 years ago in the Andes. For communities that lived in the Andes at that time, these plants were the most important source of food. For the rest of the world, until the XVI century, potato was unknown culture. Spanish conqueror Pizarro brought potatoes from South America to Europe in 1562. As a botanical curiosity, first potatoes arrived to Spain, and were later on spread to other countries of Europe. For many years after introduction, potato was grown as an ornamental plant, until the Europeans accepted it as an edible plant.
Growing of potatoes in Montenegro begins in late eighteenth century, similar as in other Balkan countries. Bishop Petar I Petrović Njegoš brought potatoes in Montenegro probably in early 1786. Due to favourable climatic and soil conditions, the areas planted with potatoes were quickly spread in Montenegro. Expansion of the areas planted with potatoes significantly improved the life of local population, and this culture, due to its enormous importance as a food, quickly got the epithet of “life-saving food”. Therefore, potatoes became, for a very short time, the leading agricultural crop and this status is maintained up to the present day.Početak gajenja krompira vezuje se za Inke. Ova drevna civilizacija je prije 10.000 godina, na Andima, gajila krompir svih oblika, boja i ukusa. Za zajednice koje su u to vrijeme živjele na Andima ova biljna vrsta je bila najznačajniji izvor hrane. Za ostatak svijeta, sve do XVI vijeka, krompir je bio nepoznata kultura. Iz Južne Amerike u Evropu krompir je donio španski osvajač Pizarro 1562. godine. Kao botanički kuriozitet krompir je prvo stigao u Španiju, a odatle se kasnije proširio i u ostale zemlje Evrope. Godinama nakon unošenja krompir je gajen kao ukrasna biljka, sve dok ga Evropljani nijesu prihvatili kao jestivu namirnicu.
Gajenje krompira u Crnoj Gori počinje krajem XVIII vijeka, manje-više kao i u ostalim balkanskim državama. Krompir je u Crnu Goru donio vladika Petar I Petrović Njegoš, najvjerovatnije početkom 1786. godine. Zahvaljujući veoma povoljnim klimatskim i zemljišnim uslovima površine pod krompirom u Crnoj Gori su se brzo širile. Širenjem površina pod krompirom značajno je poboljšan život lokalnog stanovništva, pa je ova kultura, zbog svog ogromnog prehrambenog značaja, vrlo brzo dobila epitet spasonosne hrane. Zbog toga je krompir, za veoma kratko vrijeme, postao vodeća poljoprivredna kultura, a taj status je zadržao i do današnjih dana
Noviji rezultati oplemenjivanja voćaka u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak
Get PDFThe Fruit Research Institute Čačak has seventy years long tradition in breeding of continental fruit species. The continual multi-disciplinary scientific and research work conducted so far has resulted in the releasing of 41 different cultivars. In addition to the named and released cultivars, for promising candidate cultivars have been selected (three plums and one peach) and entered for releasing, while there is also a large number of promising genotypes that are currently under intense evaluation. The paper presents an overview of the most significant biological and productive characteristic of the 12 new cultivars of pome and stone fruits, including seven plum cultivars (Boranka, Timočanka, Zlatka, Nada, Mildora, Krina and Pozna plava), two pear cultivars (Julijana and Anđelija) and three sour cherry cultivars (Sofija, Nevena and Iskra).Institut za voćarstvo, Čačak ima sedamdeset godina dugu tradiciju oplemenjivačkog rada na stvaranju novih sorti kontinentalnih vrsta voćaka. Do sada je kao rezultat kontinuiranog, multidisciplinarnog naučnoistraživačkog rada priznata 41 sorta različitih vrsta voćaka. Pored priznatih sorti, izdvojene su četiri kandidat sorte (tri šljive i jedna breskve) koje su u postupku priznavanja, kao i veliki broj perspektivnih genotipova koji se intenzivno proučavaju. U radu je prikazan pregled najznačajnijih bioloških i proizvodnih osobina 12 novije priznatih sorti jabučastih i koštičavih vrsta voćaka, i to: sedam sorti šljive (Boranka, Timočanka, Zlatka, Nada, Mildora, Krina i Pozna plava), dve sorte kruške (Julijana i Anđelija) i tri sorte višnje (Sofija, Nevena i Iskra)
Analiza i predviđanje proizvodnih parametara kupusa u Srbiji
Get PDFThe paper deals with the analysis of production parameters of cabbage in the period from 1980 to 2014. godine. In this period cabbage is grown on an average of more than 20,000 hectares. Serbia occupies an important place in the areas under the cabbage in Europe where the surface is relatively stable, which shows the value of the coefficient of variation (Cv = 6.2%) and the rate of change (r = 0.09). Average annual production of cabbage at the level of about 300,000 tons, and the average yield of 14.4 t/ha.
The aim of this paper is to predict trends in the production of cabbage in the period from 2015-20. For prediction the ARIMA models are used. Results show that area under the cabbage will be reduced for 1,000 hectares. what will be reflected in the decrease in production, despite the yield tends to increase.Kupus je jedna od najznačajnijih vrsta povrća koja se gaji u Srbiji. Predmet istraživanja u radu je analiza proizvodnih parametara kupusa u periodu od 1980.-2014. godine.U analiziranom periodu kupus je prosečno gajen na nešto više od 20.000 hektara. Srbija zauzima značajno mesto po površinama pod kupus u Evropi pri čemu su površine relativno stabilne, što pokazuju vrednosti koeficijenta varijacije (Cv= 6,2 %) i stope promene (r = 0,09). Prosečna godišnja proizvodnja kupusa je na nivou od oko 300.000 tona, a prosečan prinos 14,4 t/ha i u odnosu na prosek EU je nizak.
Cilj ovog rada je da se na osnovu analize dosadašnjih proizvodnih parametara kupusa predvide tendencije u proizvodnji ove povrtarske kulture u periodu od 2015.-2020. godine. Analiza proizvodnih parametara kupusa u periodu od 1980.-2014. godine izvedena je na osnovu deskriptivne statistike, dok su za predviđanje korišćeni ARIMA modeli. Rezultati predviđanja pokazuju da se u predikcionom periodu može očekivati smanjenje površina pod kupusom i to za oko 1.000 hektara. To će se odraziti i na smanjenje proizvodnje bez obzira što prinos ima tendenciju povećanja
Population Dynamics of WCR and ECB in Maize Field in Bečej, Vojvodina Provance
Get PDFWCR and ECB are maize pest present worlwide in Corn Belt. The documented economic level of looses and plant damages of this two pests vary up to 100 %. Experiment was carried out in Vojvodina provance, region Bačka, during vegetation 2014-2015, from Jun until September. During weekly inpection for tree month we recorded present of WCR and ECB in pheromone traps. Both pests shows fluctuating flight during experimental years. The higest catch of WCR (71 specimens - 8 August 2015) and ECB (14 specimens - 14 August 2014). WCR flight shows similarity over the two years. But, ECB flight is more extended in 2015
Moljac krompira kao štetočina – od prisutne do visoko ekonomski značajne vrste u Srbiji
Get PDFPotato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculela Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae) becoming economically very important pest of potato in open field condition in West region of Serbia. Surveillance and monitoring are organized by Serbian Forecast and Report Services (Prognozno Izveštajna Služba Srbije - PISS) from 2013 by phero-traps. At the territory of Extension Services Čačak monitoring represent a part of obligatory measures under PISS coordination. In this area pest is present from 2013. High population is registered during 2015. The imposes need to continue pest monitoring and documenting the damage from the both (field and storage).Moljac krompira (MK), Phthorimea operculela Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae) postaje ekonomski sve značajnija štetočina u regionu Zapadne Srbije. Monitoring vrste sprovodi se feromonskim klopkama od 2013. godine u okviru redovnih mera praćenja koje koordinira Prognozno Izveštajna Služba Srbije. Na teritoriji PSS Čačak, štetočina je prisutna od 2013.godine, a u vegetaciji 2015. godine registrovana je visoka brojnost. Nameće se neophodnim nastavak moniotoringa i dokumentovanje šteta na terenu
Uticaj letnjeg i zimskog perioda ishrane na telesnu razvijenost krava simentalske rase
Get PDFThe paper analyzed linear type traits and influence of summer and winter nutrition on body development of Simmental cattle. Test cows (paternal a half-sisters) were located in identical breedingconditions on the eastern slopes of Mount Kopaonik.Considering that expression of the genetic potential depends on the environment in which the organisms exist, the differences between summer and winter period feeding of Simmental cattle were not statistically significant (Tukey's test, p> 0.05) for the investigated properties of linear type traits and body development.U radu su analizirane linearne ocene tipa i uticaj letnjeg i zimskog perioda ishrane na telesnu razvijenost krava simentalske rase. Ispitivane krave (polusestre po ocu) nalazile su se u identičnim uslovima gajenja na istočnim padinama planine Kopaonik. S obzirom da ispoljavanje genetskog potencijala zavisi i od uslova sredine u kojoj egzistiraju organizmi, razlike između letnjeg i zimskog perioda ishrane krava simentalske rase su statistički nesignifikantne (Tukey test,p> 0.05) za ispitivana svojstva linearne ocene tipa i telesne razvijenosti
Iskorišćenje smeše starog hleba i mlinskog otpada uz dodatak otpadnog ulja procesa hladnog ceđenja soje
Get PDFThe paper presents the technological process of extrusion and utilization of stale bread and corn breakage in the production of quality and safe animal feed. There is an evident problem of stale bread in Vojvodina and elsewhere in the region, both in terms of quantity as well as with environmental and health and safety aspect. There is no organized way of collecting and distribution of stale bread for further processing. Therefore, it is increasingly polluting of the environment, create problems in the food chain, where socially vulnerable people bread collected from the container, feed the animals, humans consume meat that is medically risky. In the process of extrusion of corn fracture and bread crumbs (old bread) has been used, obtained by milling corn grits with corn rupture 13% of moisture and the bread crumbs which are mixed in the ratio of 50:50 in protivstujnoj a mixer, and then the mixture is moisturized to 5% to the weight of mixtures of waste oil from process hlanog squeezing oil from soybeans. The oil is waste from the process of cold pressing and squeezing oil from soybeans. Extrusion of the mixture was carried out on a twin-screw extruder with 85 kW running DEM Kulpin ,, at temperature 1380C-145 0C, and the head of the extruder, which had 4 holes 10mm diameter with a knife in the end. The results confirm that the obtained product is nutritionally valuable and microbiologically correct, but that the total number of mold and microorganisms below the maximum allowable concentration.U radu je prikazan tehnološki postupak ekstrudiranja i iskorišćenja starog hleba i kukuruznog loma u proizvodnji kvalitetne i zdravstveno bezbedne stočne hrane. Postoji evidentan problem starog hleba u Vojvodini i šire u regionu, kako sa aspekta količina, tako i sa ekološkog i zdravstveno-bezbednosnog aspekta. Ne postoji organizovan način prikupljanja i distribucije starog hleba radi dalje prerade. Zbog toga se u sve većoj meri zagađuje čovekova okolina, stvaraju se problemi u lancu ishrane, gde socijalno ugrožene osobe hleb prikupljaju iz kontejnera, hrane životinje, ljudi konzumiraju meso koje je zdravstveno rizično. U procesu ekstrudiranja kukuruznog loma i hlebnih mrvica(stari hleb) korišćen je kukurzni griz dobijen mlevenjem loma kukuruza sa 13% vlage i hlebne mrvic koji su izmešani u odnosu 50:50 u protivstujnoj mešalici, a potom je ova smeša navlažena sa 5% na masu smeše otpadnog ulja iz procesa hlanog ceđenja ulja iz soje. Ulje je otpad iz procesa hladnog presovanja i ceđenja ulja iz soje. Ekstrudiranje smeše izvršeno je na dvopužnom ekstruderu snage 85 kW u pogonu DEM Kulpin,, pri temperature 1380C-145 0C, a sa glavom ekstrudera koja je imala 4 otvora prečnika 10mm sa nožem na kraju. Dobijeni rezultat potvrđuju da je dobijeni proizvod nutritivno vredan i mikrobiološki ispravan, a da je ukupan broj plesni i mikroorganizama ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih koncetracija
Proizvodnja i karakteristike “Banatskog Sira”
Get PDFAutohtonous cheeses are products produced in a specific geographical areas as a result of development of tarditional production for many years. „Banatski cheese“ has been producing in Vojvodina, in the Middle Banat in a tarditional mannerat farms (salaš) and inividual households,as well.The aim of this article was to describe the production of "Banastskog cheese, which is produced in tardicionalan manner at househols of Hungarian nationality in the area of Zrenjanin. The cheese samples were examined for the presence of L. monocytogenes, coagulase-positive staphylococci, the number of lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and physicochemical parameters (total, fat in total solids, fat in total solids, weight of moisture in cheese, moisture on a free fat basis, acidity, pH value,NaCl content. The observation of autohtonous technology was carried out by the survey consisting of questions, which combined the basic elements and technological operations of an autohtonous production.Lactic acid bacteria were the dominant microbiota.The mean value for the number of Lactococcus spp. was 7.45 log CFU / g andLactobacillus spp. 7.20 log cfu/g.In the examined samples were not detected L. monocytogenes and coagulase-positive staphylococci, while the number of Enterobacteriaceae ranged from130 to 2500 cfu/g. The value of total solids in cheese ranged from 67,90 to 73,71% for fat in total solids from 16,96 to 27,98%,for moisture on a free fat basis from 30,84 to 39,63%, total proteins ranged from 23, 92 to 35.95%, the acidity from 15 to 20.75 ° SH, pH value from 4.24 to 5.37 and NaCl content from 4.45 to 13.95%.Autohtoni sirevi su proizvodi nastali u određenom podneblju kao rezultat dugogodišnjeg razvoja tradicionalne proizvodnje. U Vojvodini, u Srednjem Banatu se na tradicionalan način proizvodi “Banatski sir” na salašima i u individualnim domaćinstvima. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se opiše proizvodnja “Banastskog sira“, koji se proizvodi na tardicionalan način u domaćinstvima mađarske nacionalnosti u okolini Zrenjanina. Sirevi su ispitani na prisustvo L. monocytogenes, koagulaza pozitivnih stafilokoka, određivan je broj bakterija mlečne kiseline,enterobakterija, kao ifizičkohemijski parametri (suva materija, mast, mast u suvoj materiji, voda, voda u bezmasnoj materiji, kiselost, pH vrednost i sadržaj NaCl). Snimanje autohtone tehnologije je izvedeno pomoću ankete sastavljene od pitanja, koja objedinjuju osnovne elemente i tehnološke postupke autohtone proizvodnje.Dominantnu mikrofloru su činile bakterije mlečne kiseline. Srednja vrednost broja Lactococcus spp.je bila 7,45 log cfu/g i Lactobacillus spp. 7,20 log cfu/g. U ispitanim uzorcima nisu dokazane L. monocytogenes i koagulaza pozitivne stafilokoke, dok je broj Enterobacteriaceaebio od 130 do 2500 cfu/g. Vrednost za suvu materiju sira se kretala 67,90 do 73,71%, za mast u suvoj materiji sira 16,96 do 27,98%, za vodu u bezmasnoj materiji 30,84 do 39,63%, za ukupne proteine 23,92 do 35,95%, za kiselost 15 do 20,75°SH, pH 4,24 do 5,37 i za sadržaj NaCl 4,45 do 13,95 %