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Sistematsko planiranje kao bazični zahtev za efikasno upravljanje kvalitetom u industriji mesa
No full textSystematic planning, or human resource planning, is a basic requirement
for effective quality management in all organizations of meat industry. For quality
planning to be effective, however, it must be part of a continuous review process which
has as its objective zero errors or defectives, though a strategy of never-ending
improvement. Before an appropriate total quality management system can be developed, it
is necessary to carry out a preliminary analysis to ensure that a quality organization
structure exists, that the resources required will be made available, and that the various
assignments will be carried out. In quality planning in meat industry, it is always
necessary to review existing programs within the organization functional areas and these
may be compared with the results of the preliminary analysis to appraise the strengths and
weaknesses in quality throughout the business or operation. Having done this, the required
systems and programs may be defined in terms of details operating plans, procedures and
techniques.Pre razvitka odgovarajućeg sistema upravljanja kvalitetom, potrebno je
izvršiti preliminarnu analizu kako bi se osigurala kvalitetna organizaciona struktura,
omogućiti dostupnost resursima, a time lako sprovođenje različitih zadataka. Kvalitetno
planiranje u industriji mesa, podrazumeva neophodno preispitavanje postojeće
programe u okviru funkcionalnih područja organizacije čime se mogu porediti sa
rezultatima preliminarne analize za procjenu prednosti i slabosti u kvalitetu u poslu ili
radne operacije . Kada se to uradi, potrebne sisteme i programe mogu biti definisani u
smislu definiranje detaljnih operativnih planova, procedura i tehnika primene
Uticaj metaboličkog statusa mlečnih krava u ranoj laktaciji na vrednost parametara laktacione krive
Get PDFIn 40 Holstein-Friesian cattle was examined metabolic profile in the first week after
calving. Blood is drawn and the concentration of glucose, beta - hydroxybutyrate, total
protein, albumin, urea, calcium and bilirubin. Milk production was recorded weakly and
lactation curve was performed. Correlation coefficient between metabolic parameters
and milk production in different periods of lactation were examined. There was a
significant positive correlation between the concentration of glucose, calcium, urea and
total protein in the first week after calving with milk production and persistency of
lactation. There is a negative correlation between serum BHB and bilirubin with milk
production and persistency of lactation. The correlation between milk production and
these parameters are primarily expressed in the first 8 weeks of lactation. Metabolic
status shows no correlation with the total milk production during lactation. The
coefficients of determination as to the level of 10-16 %, which means that the degree of
improvement in the metabolic status may enhance milk production in cows.Kod 40 krava Holštajn frizijske rase ispitan je metabolički profil u prvoj
nedelji posle teljenja. Uzeta je krv i određena je koncentracija glukoze, betahidroksibutirata,
ukupnih proteina, albumina, uree, kalcijuma i bilirubina. U laktaciji
koja sredi određena je proizvodnja mleka tako da se može formirati laktaciona kriva.
Ispitan je koeficijent korelacije između navedenih parametara metaboličkog profila i
proizvodnje mleka u različitim periodima laktacije. Postoji značajna pozitivna korelacija
između koncentracije glukoze, kalcijuma, uree i ukupnih proteina u prvoj nedelji posle
teljenja sa proizvodnjom mleka i perzistencijom laktacije. Postoji negativna korelacija
između koncentracije BHB i bilirubina sa proizvodnjom mleka i perzistencijom
laktacije. Korelacija između proizvodnje mleka i navedenih parametara pre svega su
izražene u prvih 8 nedelja laktacije. Metabolički status ne pokazuje korelaciju sa
ukupnom proizvodnjom mleka tokom laktacije. Koeficijenti determinacije su na nivou
10-16%, što znači da se u ovoj meri poboljšanjem metaboličkog statusa može povećati
proizvodnja mleka kod krava
Uticaj nivoa dobrobiti i stresnih faktora na krvne parametre kod krava tokom laktacije
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the value of certain
blood parameters in cows in the function of the level of fulfillment of the criteria and the
presence of certain indicators of well-being on the farm. Cows in which the farms are not fully
satisfied with the principles of the welfare of the metabolic status that indicates that they are
significant stress load (the higher the concentration of cortisol), take small amounts of food
(lower concentrations of glucose, urea calcium) and spend their own reserves to overcome
external factors (higher value of NEFA and BHB) and the maintenance of homeostasis. The
metabolic status of cows depends largely on the degree of satisfaction of the principle of the
welfare and the presence of indicators of stress and can be a quality indicator in assessing the
stress load of cows.Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita da li postoji razlika u vrednosti pojedinih
krvnih parametara kod krava u funkciji nivoa ispunjenosti kriterijuma i prisustva
određenih indikatora dobrobiti na farmama. Krave kod kojih na farmama nisu u
dovoljnoj meri zadovoljeni principi dobrobiti imaju metabolički status koji pokazuje da
su one značajnije stresno opterećenje (viša koncentracija kortizola), uzimaju manje
količine hrane (niža koncentracija glukoze, uree u kalcijuma) i troše sopstvene rezerve
za savladavanje spoljašnjih faktora (viša vrednost NEFA i BHB) i održavanje
homeostaze. Metabolički status krava u mnogome zavisi od stepena zadovoljenja
principa dobrobiti i prisustva indikatora stresa i može biti kvalitetan indikator u proceni
stresne opterećenosti krava
Biljna ulja u ishrani riba
Get PDFThere has been a trend towards constant growth in fish farming. It is well
known that fish meal (as a basic source of protein) and fish oil (as a source of fatty acids)
provide feedstuffs for farmed fish. Increasing aquaculture requirements and limited natural
resources call the attention of both practice and scientific research to alternative sources of
these feed components. Certain vegetable oils have been increasingly used as a source of fatty
acids. This study provides an outline of the potential use of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oils as complete or partial substitutes for fish oil in the diet of
cyprinids and trouts predominating in European aquaculture.Gajenje riba u akvakulturi ispoljava tendenciju stalnog porasta. Poznato je da se u
kompletnim smešama za ishranu riba koriste riblje brašno (osnovni izvor proteina) i riblje ulje (izvor
masnih kiselina). Rastuće potrebe akvakulture i ograničeni prirodni resursi uslovljavaju da se u
praksi i naučnim istraživanjima velika pažnja posvećuje alternativnim izvorima ovih hranidbenih
komponenti. Kao izvor masnih kiselina sve više se koriste pojedina biljna ulja. U radu je dat kratak
osvrt na mogućnost korišćenja biljnih ulja iz semena lana (Linum usitatissimum L.) i uljane repice
(Brassica napus L.) kao potpunih ili delimičnih supstituenata ribljeg ulja u smešama za ishranu
šaranskih i pastrmskih riba koje su dominantne u evropskoj akvakulturi
Ispitivanje toplotnih svojstava nanokompozitnih polimernih materijala na osnovu biljnih sirovina
Get PDFEnvironmental friendliness and functionality have made biopolymers one of the
most interesting materials today. In order to broadening their application, there is need
for improving their poor mechanical and thermal properties by using reinforce effect of
inorganic nanoparticles. In this paper, thermal properties of nanocomposites based on
poly(lactide) (PLA) and silicon dioxide were investigated using the differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC). The obtained results showed that the addition of nanoparticles
causes a change in the values of melting and crystallization temperatures of
nanocomposites. Significant influence on the glass transition temperature was not
observed.Ekološka prihvatljivost i funkcionalnost biopolimera učinila ih je jednima od
najtraženijih materijala današnjice. Njihovu veću primenu ograničavaju slaba mehanička i
toplotna svojstva. Kako bi se poboljšala primenska svojstva biopolimera oni se kombinuju
sa neorganskim česticama gradeći nanokompozite. U ovom radu ispitivana su toplotna
svojstva nanokompozita na osnovu poli(laktida) (PLA) i silicijum(IV)oksida. Dobijeni
rezultati su pokazali da dodatak nanočestica dovodi do promene temperature topljenja,
porasta temperature kristalizacije, pri čemu nije uočen značajan uticaj nanočestica na
temperaturu prelaska u staklasto stanje nanokompozita poli(laktida)
Pravci selekcije novih ZP hibrida
Get PDFThis paper presents the newly released sixth generation of ZP maize
hybrids characterized by high and stable yields obtained under different agroenvironmental
conditions on soils with different natural fertility and production
capacity. The newly developed ZP hybrid genotypes have exhibited remarkable yield
stability and wide adaptability to different climatic conditions in numerous trials
throughout Serbia. These studies serve as the basis for recommendations to grow new
hybrids of FAO 300-600 maturity groups i.e. mid-early, middle maturity and mid-late
hybrids, which have a number of improved properties compared to the older generation
ZP hybrids.
The main properties of the new ZP hybrids are shorter growing season, higher
kernel drydown rate during maturation, excellent adaptability to adverse environmental
conditions (high drought tolerance), lower stalks with ears formed low on the plant,
resistance to lodging, causal agents of diseases and pests, etc.
Among the new hybrids, standouts include ZP 333, ZP 366, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP
555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP 666, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP
606 ZP 666, ZP 552b, etc. harvested for grain and ear for food and feed. The genetic
potential of the new high-yielding hybrids is above 20 t ha-1 dry kernel. Their yield is
14-46 t ha-1 in experiments and 14-15 t ha-1 by large producers and in favourable
seasons (2014).U radu je prikazana najnovija VI generacija ZP hibrida kukuruza koja se
odlikuje visokim i stabilnim prinosima gajenjem u različitim agroekološkim uslovima
na zemljišta različite prirodne plodnosti i proizvodne sposobnosti. Najnoviji genotipovi
ZP hibrida ispoljili su zavidnu stabilnost prinosa na široku adaptibilnost u različitim
klimatskim uslovima, koja je ispitana u brojnim ogledima širom Srbije. Na osnovu ovih
istraživanja data je preporuka za gajenje novih hibrida FAO grupe zrenja 300-600, tj. od
rednje ranih, srednje stasnih do srednje kasnih hibrida, koji imaju niz poboljšanih
osobina u odnosu na ZP hibride starijih generacija.
Glavne osobine novih ZP hibrida su: kraća vegetacija i brže otpuštanje vlage iz zrna
u procesu sazrevanja, odlična adaptibilnost na nepovoljne uslove spoljne sredine (visoka
tolerantnost na stresne uslove suše), niže stablo sa nisko formiranim klipovima,
otpornost na poleganje, prouzrokovače bolesti i štetočine, itd.
Posebno se izdvajaju novi hibridi: ZP 333, ZP 366, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP
560, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP 666, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP
666, ZP 552b itd za kombajniranje u zrnu, berbu u klipu za ishranu ljudi i stoke.
Genetski potencijal novih, visokorodnih hibrida je iznad 20 t ha-1 suvog zrna, u
ogledima se ostvaruje 14-46 t ha-1, a kod boljih proizvođača i u rodnoj godini (2014),
14-15 t ha-1
Unapređenje metoda i tehnika integralne plasteničke proizvodnje paprike
Get PDFModern vegetable production under protected cultivation have accomplished by
multifunctional integration of several methods and techniques in order to get produce
for fresh consumption with an added biological value. The usage of modern greenhouse
covering films, shading nets and termoselective barriers, besides passive energy
efficiency has afforded several benefits in more precise control of microclimate
fluctuations. Photo-selective plastic films could change the character and spectral
composition of solar radiation, which leads to less pests and disease infection and better
crop performances, such us earliness, fruit size and uniformity and cumulative and total
yield. By usage of beneficial microorganism, pheromone traps, predators and as well
natural extracts it would be possibla to maintain biological balance for integrated
protected cultivation of peppersSavremena povrtarska proizvodnja u zaštićenom prostoru ostvaruje se
multifunkcionalnim integrisanjem više metoda i tehnika u cilju dobijanja proizvoda za
svežu potrošnju sa visokom biološkom vrednošću. Korišćenje modernih polietilenskih
folija, mreža za zasenu i energetskih barijera omogućilo je, osim pasivne energetske
efikasnosti i niz prednosti u vrlo preciznoj kontroli promena u mikroklimatu.
Fotoselektivne folije menjaju karakter i spektralni sastav sunčevog zračenja, što utiče na
umanjenje infekcija bolestima i redukciju štetočina, ali rezultuje i adekvatnom
reakcijom useva u pogledu ranostasnosti, veličine plodova, njihovoj uniformnosti i
kumulativnom i ukupnom prinosu.
Korišćenjem korisnih mikroorganizama, feromonskih klopki, predatora, kao i
prirodnih ekstrakata može se uspešno održati biološka ravnoteža u integralnom sistemu
gajenja paprike u plastenicima
Hemijski sastav jetri i bubrega svinja pet čistih rasa odgajanih u Vojvodini
Get PDFIn this paper the content of moisture, protein, total fat and total ash in the M.
semimembranosus (SM) and M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) from five
purebred pigs: Large White (n=118), Landrace (n=116), Duroc (n=112), Hampshire
(n=112) and Pietrain (n=121), reared in Vojvodina was determined. Components of
proximate composition were determined by ISO methods. Overall, the average content
(g/100g) of moisture, protein, total fat and total ash in all the SM and LTL (n=1158) was:
75.68, 21.73, 1.36 and 1.14, respectively. The Vojvodian pork showed same moisture,
protein, total fat and total ash content compared with the values found in other countries.U ovom radu utvrđen je sadržaj vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog
pepela u jetrama i bubrezima svinja pet čistih rasa: Velika Bela (n=118), Landras (n=116),
Durok (n=112), Hempšir (n=112) i Pietren (n=121), odgajanih u Vojvodini. Osnovni
hemijski sastav određen je ISO metodama. Rasa svinja ne utiče značajno (P>0.05), dok
vrsta iznutrice utiče značajno (P<0.05; P<0.001) na sadržaj vlage, proteina, ukupne masti
i ukupnog pepela. Prosečan sadržaj (g/100g) vlage, proteina, ukupne masti i ukupnog
pepela u svim ispitanim jetrama (n=579) je bio: 71.05, 21.34, 3.24 i 1.48, dok je u svim
ispitanim bubrezima (n=579) bio: 79.43, 16.16, 3.13 i 1.20, respektivno
Lekovita svojstva meda sa dodatkom gljive Coriolus versicolor
Get PDFBiologically active substances from mushroom Coriolus versicolor are ß-glucanproteins
which have antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antioxidative properties and
improve immunity. Studies have shown that mycelium of this mushroom has two
significant biologically active substances PSK (polysaccharide krestin) and PSP
(polysaccharide peptide). Honey has been reported to contain about 200 substances
(complex mixture of sugars, but also small amounts of other constituents such as
minerals, proteins, vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, enzymes and
other phytochemicals), and is considered to be an important part of traditional medicine.
Overall, honey serves as a source of natural antioxidants. The aim of this paper was to
determined antioxidant activity and tothal phenols content in honey with C. versicolor.
Total phenols content (26,04 mg gallic acid/100 g) and high reducing activity it was
found in the sample of honey with C. versicolor. The results suggest that the addition of
honey with this mushroom has a significantly higher antioxidant activity compared
with the most antioxidants such as vitamin C.Biološki aktivne supstance gljive Coriolus versicolor su β-glukan proteini
koji imaju antikancerogena, antiviralna, antibakterijska i antioksidativna svojstva i
poboljšavju imunitet. Istraživanja su pokazala da micelijum ove gljive sadrži dve
značajne biološki aktivne materije: PSK (polisaharid krestin) i PSP (polisaharidpeptid).
Med sadrži oko 200 materija (kompleksnu smešu šećera, i manji sadržaj materija kao
što su minerali, proteini, vitamini, organske kiseline, flavonoidi, fenolne kiseline,
enzimi i druge fitohemijske materije). Med se duži niz godina koristi u tradicionalnoj
medicini. Pored toga, med je i prirodni izvor antioksidanasa. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se
odredi antioksidativna aktivnost i ukupni sadržaj fenola u medu sa dodatkom gljive C.
versicolor. Ukupni sadržaj fenola (26,04 mg galne kiseline/100 g) i visoka redukciona
aktivnost određeni su u uzorku meda sa dodatkom gljive C. versicolor. Rezultati
istraživanja ukazuju da med sa dodatkom ove gljive ima znatno veću antioksidativnu
aktivnost u poređenju sa najpoznatijim antioksidansima kao što je vitamin C
Efekat dodavanja enzima proteaze na masu i udeo jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja pilića
Get PDFThis study evaluates the effect of protease supplementation of reduced crude protein
diet for broilers on the weight of edible slaughter by-products (liver, gizzard, heart and
abdominal fat) and their proportion in the body weight of birds at slaughter in two
broiler genotypes – fast-growing Cobb 500 and slow-growing Master Gris. Protease
(Ronozyme ProAct) was added at a concentration of 0.2% (E-I group) and 0.3% (E-II
group), allowing reduction in crude protein level by 4% and 6%, respectively (through
reduced soybean meal content). The length of the fattening period was 49 days.
The results show somewhat greater differences in the weight and proportion of
edible slaughter by-products between the hybrids and a similar response to dietary
treatments by broilers from the three experimental groups in both hybrids, given their
similar weights of edible slaughter by-products (heart, gizzard and abdominal fat) and
their proportions in the body weight of birds at slaughter (significance was observed
only in liver weight in Cobb 500 - P<0.05).U radu su analizirani efekti dodavanja enzima proteaze u hranu za piliće u
tovu, uz smanjen nivo sirovih proteina, na masu jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja (jetre,
bubca, srca i abdominalne masti) i njihov udeo u masi grla pre klanja kod dva tovna
hibrida – brzorastućeg Cobb 500 i spororastućeg Master Gris. Enzim proteaza
(Ronozyme ProAct) dodat je u koncentraciji 0,2% (O-I grupa) i 0,3% (O-II grupa) uz
istovremeno smanjenje sadržaja sirovih proteina za 4%, odnosno za 6% (preko
smanjenog učešća sojine sačme). Tov pilića trajao je 49 dana.
Na osnovu rezultata iz ovih istraživanja, može se zaključiti da su se nešto veće
razlike u masi i udelu jestivih pratećih proizvoda klanja ispoljile između ispitivanih
hibrida, a da su pilići iz sve tri ogledne grupe kod oba hibrida slično reagovali na
primenjene tretmane ishrane, shodno tome da su imali približno iste mase jestivih
pratećih proizvoda klanja (srca, bubca i abdominalne masti), kao i udele svih delova u
masi grla pre klanja (značajnost se pojavila samo u masi jetre kod hibrida Cobb 500 -
P<0,05)