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Promene hemijskog sastava lista i stabla različitih sorti crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.) sa rastom i razvićem
Get PDFThe effect of growth stage on the changes of chemical composition of leaf and stem of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars Elena and K-22 and the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars of K-27 and K-39 was investigated. The experimental design was two factorial experiment method 2 x 3 with three replications at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac - location Globoder. The highest protein content was detected in the red clover leaf (cv K-27), and lowest in the leaf of red clover (cv K-39). The leaf of red clover (cv K-27) contains the highest proportion of crude fiber in the early growth period. The results of these studies have confirmed the high nutritional value of foliage of red clover.Ispitivan je uticaj faze razvića na promene hemijskog sastava lista i stabla crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.) sorti K-27 i K-39. Ogled je postavljen po metodi dvofaktorijalnog ogleda 2 x 3 u tri ponavljanja na oglednom polju Instituta za krmno bilje, Kruševac – lokacija Globoder. Najveći sadržaj sirovih proteina je ustanovljen u listu crvene deteline (sorta K-27), a najmanji u stablu crvene deteline (sorta K-39). List crvene deteline (sorta K-27) sadrži veći udeo sirove celuloze u ranijim fazama razvića. Rezultati ovih istraživanja su potvrdili visoku hranljivu vrednost lisne mase crvene dateline
Sadržaj i mobilnost mangana u kiselim zemljištima centralne Srbije
Get PDFThe paper gives an overview of many years ivesrigation of Mn status in acid soils of Central Serbia in the term of its content, mobility and availability to cultivated plants. Many studies have shown strongly expressed mobility and high availability of Mn in these soils. However, distribution and mobility of this element among soil layers, in various conditions of oxido – reduction, moisture and temperatures, were very heterogeneous. The largest presence of Mn in acid soils was in oxide fraction (over 50%).U radu je dat pregled višegodišnjeg proučavanja sadržaja, mobilnosti i pristupačnosti mangana u kiselim zemlјištima Centralne Srbije. Brojna istraživanja su pokazala jako izraženu mobilnost i visoku pristupačnost Mn u ovim zemljištima. Takođe, distribucija i mobilnost Mn u zemljišnim horizontima u različitim oksido-redukcijonim uslovima je bila veoma heterogena. Najveće prisustvo Mn u kiselim zemljištima je bilo u frakciji oksida (preko 50%)
Pojava, štetnost i suzbijanje krompirovog moljca (Phthorimaea operculella)
Get PDFPotato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a damaging pest occurring in warm, tropical and subtropical regions. In the last several years, it has also been present in Serbia, causing serious damage to potatoes. Its harmfulness involves damage to potato tubers which renders them useless for marketing, leading to complete yield loss. This pest is also important in terms of the complexity of its control.
In Serbia, until five years ago, this pest was known only through literature. The first official data on its presence in Serbia i.e. in the Leskovac region date back to 2011. The potato tuber moth was first recorded in 2008 (Leskovac), and its presence in other areas of Serbia was first reported in 2011.
During 2015, extensive damage from this insect was recorded on the potato crop in Čačak, particularly in the lowlands, where potatoes are intensively grown for high yields, as well as in other parts of the country.
This pest requires complex control practices. It is only through the use of both preventive and direct control measures by all potato growers on a large scale that success in pest control and damage reduction can be expected.Krompirov moljac, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), je štetočina toplih, tropskih i subtropskih regiona sveta. U poslednjih nekoliko godina je prisutan i u Srbiji gde pričinjava velike štete na krompiru. Štetnost moljca se ogleda u oštećenju krtola koje postaju tržišno neupotrebljive do potpunog propadanja celokupnog prinosa. Ova štetočina je značajna i po složenosti njenog suzbijanja.
Kod nas se o ovoj štetočini do pre pet godina znalo samo iz literature. Prvi zvanični podaci o prisustvu štetočine kod nas, na području Leskovca, potiču iz 2011. godine. Prvi nalaz moljca potiče iz 2008. godine (Leskovac), a prema nekim podacima štetočina se javlja od 2011. godine i u drugim područjima u Srbiji.
Tokom 2015. godine evidentirane su ogromne štete na krompiru od ovog insekta na teritoriji Čačka, posebno u ravničarskom delu gde se intenzivno gaji krompir i gde se postižu visoki prinosi, kao i u drugim delovima Srbije.
Suzbijanje ove štetočine je veoma složeno. Samo primenom svih, preventivnih i direktnih mera od strane svih uzgajivača krompira, na većem području, se mogu očekivati rezultati u suzbijanju štetočine i smanjenju šteta
Parametri kvaliteta plodova kod različitih genotipova paradajza u organskoj proizvodnji
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to examine the content of total soluble solids, organic acids and lycopene in fruits of different tomato genotypes grown in organic production. Four different genotypes (Volovsko heart Red cherry, Tigrella and Viva) were used during this experiment. The quality of tomato fruits was analyzed based on the measurement of total soluble solids, organic acids and lycopene in fresh weight of the fruit. The values obtained for the analyzed parameters of fruit quality were as follows: total soluble solids 4.98, 5.26, 5.28 and 4.70 (° Brix), organic acids 160.67, 110.34, 132.77 and 116 (citric acid µmol g-1 FW), lycopene, 8.22, 5.70, 7.61, 9.21 (mg kg-1 FW) in genotypes Volovsko srce, Red cherry, Tigrella and Viva. Oscillations in the obtained parameters, especially in the content of lycopene in different genotypes were probably the result of genetic resources, but also the influence of abiotic factors.Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita sadržaj ukupnih rastvorljivih suvih materija, organskih kiselina i likopena u plodovima različitih genotipova paradajza gajenog u organskoj proizvodnji. Četiri različita genotipa (Volovsko srce, Red cherry, Tigrella i Viva) su korišćeni tokom ovog eksperimenta. Kvalitet plodova paradajza analiziran je na osnovu merenja ukupnih rastvorljivih suvih materija, organskih kiselina i likopena u svežoj masi plodova. Dobijene vrednosti za analizirane parametre kvaliteta plodova su iznosile: ukupne rastvorljive materije 4.98, 5.26, 5.28 i 4.70 (oBrix), organske kiseline 160.67, 110.34, 116 i 132.77 (citric acid µmol g-1 FW), likopen 8.22, 5.70, 7.61, 9.21 (mg kg-1 FW) kod analiziranih genotipova Volovsko srce, Red cherry, Tigrella i Viva. Variranje u dobijenim parametrima, a naročito u sadržaju likopena kod različitih genotipova su bile posledica genetskog potencijala, ali i uticaja abiotičkih faktora
Stanje erozije zemljišta malog sliva Dmitrov potok (zapadna Srbija)
Get PDFDue to a variety of both natural and anthropogenic erosion factors, the general condition of the Dmitrov brook torrential catchment area has contributed to the overall picture of soil erosion intensity in the area. From the aspect of belonging to the type of torrential flow stream Dmitrov brook is the less torrential brook (D) with mean annual erosion-induced sediment yield Wyear from 772.85 m3 year-1 and total annual specific sediment yield at the confluence of the the Dmitrov brook in Tinja (left tributary of Kamenica, which the river flows into the West Morava with her left hand) where Ggod sp-1 were 220.81 m3 km-2 yr-1.Usled različitih činilaca procesa erozije, prirodnih i antropogenog, opšti uslovi područja bujičnog toka Dmitrov potok, doprineli su sagledavanju intenziteta erozije zemljišta sliva. Sa aspekta pripadnosti tipu bujičnog toka Dmitrov potok je manji bujični potok (D) sa srednjegodišnjom količinom erozionog nanosa (Wgod) od 772,85 m3 god-1 i specifičnom godišnjom količinom ukupnog erozionog nanosa, koja dospeva do ušća Dmitrovog potoka u Tinju (leva pritoka Kamenice, koja se u reku Zapadnu Moravu uliva sa njene leve strane), Ggod sp-1, od 220,81 m3 km-2 god-1
Proizvodnja soje (Glycine max.) u svetu i kod nas
Get PDFAreas under soybean in the world in 2013 amounted to 111.27 million hectares, with the total production of 276.40 million tonnes. America is the world's largest producer of soybean, with an area of 85.63 million ha, or with total world share of 76.95%, followed by Asia with an area of 20.69 million hectares and Europe with an area of 3.18 million hectares and total production of 5.94 million tonnes.
The Republic of Serbia is among the largest producers oil crops in Europe. In 2013, the average soybean yields in Serbia were at the level of the average global yield while production amounted to 385,514 tons. The Republic of Serbia has favorable conditions for growing soybean. The correct cultivation practices and choice variety is a prerequisite for economic profitable soybean production.Površine pod sojom u svetu, u 2013. godini iznosile su 111,27 miliona ha, sa ostvarenom ukupnom proizvodnjom od 276,40 miliona tona. Amerika je najveći svetski proizvođač soje, sa površinama od 85,63 miliona ha, odnosno sa ukupnim svetskim učešćem od 76,95%, zatim slede, Azija sa površinama od 20,69 miliona ha i Evropa sa površinama od 3,18 miliona ha i ukupnom proizvodnjom od 5,94 miliona tona.
Republika Srbija je među najvećim proizvođačima uljarica u Evropi. U 2013. godini prosečni prinosi soje u Srbiji bili na nivou prosečnih svetskih prinosa dok je proizvodnja iznosila 385.514 tona. Republika Srbija ima povoljne uslove za gajenje soje. Pravilna tehnologija gajenja i odabir sorte preduslov je za ekonomski isplativu proizvodnju soje
Mineralni sastav i antimikrobna aktivnost etanolskog ekstrakta žutog zvezdana
Get PDFIn order to study and find plant species that possess antimicrobial activity, this work was carried out testing of plant species Lotus corniculatus L. (birdsfoot trefoil). The work was conceived with the aim to determine the mineral composition and antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract birdsfoot trefoil, and in terms of potential use in food production. The minimum inhibitir concentration (MIC) was tested in microdilution method in a function of time of the extract and the growth of microorganisms. From the point of antimicrobial activity, by testing it was found that extract of Lotus corniculatus L. manifest the strongest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, and the lowest to the bacterium Proteus hauser. Mineral composition of the extract plant species Lotus corniculatus L. was determined by ICP-MS. The study showed that the extract birdsfoot trefoil is rich by mineral composition.Rad je koncipiran sa ciljem da se utvrdi mineralni sastav i antimikrobna aktivnost etanolskog ekstrakta žutog zvezdana, a u smislu potencijalne upotrebe u proizvodnji hrane. Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija (MIC) ispitivana je mikrodilucionom metodom u funkciji ekstrakta i vremena razvoja mikroorganizama. Sa stanovišta antimikrobnog delovanja, ispitivanjem je ustanovljeno da ekstrakt biljke Lotus corniculatus L. ispoljava najjaču antimikrobnu aktivnost u odnosu na bakteriju Escherichia coli, a najmanju u odnosu na bakteriju Proteus hauseri. Mineralni sastav ekstrakta biljne vrste Lotus corniculatus L. određen je primenom metode ICP-MS. Ispitivanje je pokazalo da je ekstrakt žutog zvezdana bogatog mineralnog sastava
Konvektivno sušenje parčića ploda batata (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam), zavisnost od predtretmana
Get PDFThe dried of pieces of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) was carried in experimental convective cabinet drier with loess. This vegetable was rich in beta carotene and was not sufficiently in our countries. The dried process was carried at 55oC, and weight changes were measured every 15 minutes. Were performed three pretreatments: dried with pretreatment, blanched with the 1% vitamin C and 5% NaCl and without pretreatment. Blanched was carried in water at 60oC, for 3 minutes. The moisture content of raw sweet potato was 76.40%, but in dried material value from 16.90 to 19.59%, respectively. Rehydration values were measure of the quality of the dried process. The best results were obtained to dried small pieces of sweet potato without pretreatment, than rehydration was 83.37%.Sušenje parčića ploda batata (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) ili slatkog krompira vršeno je u eksperimentalnoj konvektivnoj sušari sa lesama. Ova povrtarska biljka bogata je beta karotenom, a nedovoljno se koristi u našoj zemlji. Proces sušenja odvijao se na 55oC, a merena je promena mase na svakih 15 minuta. Rađena su tri predtretmana blanširanjem: bez dodataka (predtretman I), sa dodatkom 1% vitamina C (predtretman II), sa dodatkom 5% NaCl (predtretman III) i sušenje bez predtretmana (kontrola). Blanširanje je vršeno u destilovanoj vodi temperature 60oC za 3 minuta, sa i bez dodataka. Sadržaj vlage u sirovom plodu batatu bio je 76,40%, a u osušenom materijalu kretao se od 16,90 do 19,59 %. Stepen rehidratacije korišćen je kao mera kvaliteta procesa sušenja. Najbolji rezultati dobijeni su kod sušenja parčića ploda batata bez predtretmana, čiji je stepen rehidratacije bio 83,37%
Uticaj klimatskih uslova područja na prinos pšenice
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of climatic conditions in the city
of Leskovac, in the period from 2000 to 2008th year, the yield of wheat. This paper
presents the average yield of wheat according to the mean monthly temperature and
total precipitation during the vegetation period. So they separated two years ago (2003)
when he achieved the lowest yield of wheat in the territory of Leskovac (2.4 t ha-1) and
the 2004th years ago, when achieved the highest average yield in the period (3.7 t ha-
1). The average yield in the year with favorable schedule and rainfall, and average air
temperature was higher by 1.3 t ha-1 of the unfavorable climatic conditions. Deficiency,
poor distribution of rainfall, high average temperature, and temperature fluctuations
during the growing negative impact on wheat yield. By choosing a variety that is more
tolerant to drought, as well as quality and timely application of agro-technical measures
can mitigate the adverse impact of climate conditions on the yield of wheat fields.Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio da se analizira uticaj klimatskih uslova na području
grada Leskovca, u periodu od 2000.-2008. godine, na prinos pšenice. U radu su prikazani
prosečni prinosi pšenice u zavisnosti od srednjih mesečnih temperatura i ukupnih
padavina u periodu vegetacije pšenice. Tako su izdvojene dve godine (2003), kada je
ostvaren najniži prinos pšenice na teritoriji Leskovca (2.4 t ha-1) i 2004. godina, kada je
ostvaren najviši prosečan prinos u posmatranom periodu (3.7 t ha-1). Prosečan prinos u
godini sa povoljnijim rasporedom i količinom padavina, kao i srednjom temperaturom
vazduha bio je veći za 1.3 t ha-1 od godine sa nepovoljnim klimatskim prilikama.
Nedostatak, loš raspored padavina, visoke prosečne temperature, i temperaturna kolebanja
u toku vegetacije negativno utiču na prinos pšenice. Izborom sorte koja je tolerantnija
prema suši, kao i kvalitetnom i pravovremenom primenom agrotehničkih mera može se
ublažiti nepovoljan uticaj klimatskih prilika područja na prinos pšenice