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Uticaj završne mase mladih bikova simentalske rase na randman
Get PDFDomestic Simmental is the most common breed of catlle in our country. The quality of the carcassеs have been the subject of interest, both primary production and the meat industry. The classification of carcasses is conducted immediately after veterinary examination and weight of carcasses and determinate of carcasses mass. In this paper was investigated the influence finished mass of young bulls of Simmental race on randman and depedence randman from finished mass of young bulls. The investigation was carried out on the 54 carcasses young bulls devided in two groups. The first group of young bulls was from 450 to 500 kg mass, and secund group between 550 to 600 kg. The results of investigation are showed that randman in first group was between 42% to 56%, and in secund group from 49% to 57%.Domaće šareno goveče u tipu simentalca je rasa goveda koja se najviše gaji na našim prostorima. Kvаlitet trupovа zаklаnih životinjа je predmet interesovаnjа, kаko primаrne proizvodnje, tаko i industrije mesа. Postupаk klаsirаnjа trupovа odnosno polutki sprovodi se u klаnicаmа neposredno nаkon veterinаrskog pregledа i utvrđivаnjа mаse trupа. U rаdu je ispitаn uticaj završne mase mladih bikova simentalske rase iz otkupa na randman i zavisnost randmana od završne mase mladih bikova. Ispitivаnje je sprovedeno nа 54 trupа junаdi (mlаdih bikovа) podeljenih u dve grupe. Prvu grupu su činili bikovi završne telesne mаse 450-500 kg, a drugu 550-600 kg. Rezultati su pokazali da se randman kod prve grupe kretao od 42% do 56%, a kod druge grupe od 49% do 57%
The Influence of Drying Technology on the Chemical Content of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleuropus Ostreatus E.)
Get PDFIn the Republic of Macedonia oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus E. is widespread. In nature it grows arranged side by side and one above the other. They are light brown in color with a characteristic shape as a shell. Many of them are rich in vitamins and have prominent smell and taste. For consummation it is used fresh, as well as processed. From the processed forms, the widely used is dried mushroom. The mushrooms chemical content has an essential importance for human diet and for the technological process, too. The fresh mushrooms chemical content is important for choosing the technological processes and for products quality properties. The aim of this research was to determine the differences of the chemical content of both fresh and dried oyster mushrooms. The quality properties were determined by determining the mechanical and the chemical properties. The research was done in 2013. Drying was made in ventricular drier with heated air. The principle of drying is accurately performed to obtain characteristic odor and appearance of the mushroom. All of determined components have higher values in dried mushrooms, compared with fresh ones. The content of total dry matters is higher in dried mushrooms (93.10%) compared with fresh mushrooms (23.10%). The content of total acids in dry mushrooms is 0.40% and its value in fresh mushrooms is 0.13%. The content of vitamin C in dried mushrooms is 14.10 mg %, but in the fresh ones is 9.20 mg %. The value of mineral matters is 4.50% in dried and 0.90 % in fresh mushrooms. Drying in ventricular drier is fast method which reduces the necessary water quantity, inactivates the enzymes, reduces microorganism’s metabolism. This is a basic principle in product conserving and storage for a longer period
HPLC analiza i antimikrobna aktivnost biološki aktivnih jedinjenja izolovanih iz lišaja
Get PDFThe aim of this work was the isolation of secondary metabolites from acetone extract of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes and their identification by HPLC analysis.The work was also conceived with the aim to investigate the antimicrobial activity of isolated active components. Fisodic acid, usnic acid and atranorin were isolated from the acetone extract of Hypogymnia physodes.The antimicrobial activity, expressed by the MIC value, were investigated using three standardized bacterial strains and two strains of fungi.The obtained MIC values ranged from 7.5 to 1000 µg/ml, wherein the isolated compounds had the strongest influence on species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Beside above-mentioned compounds,the results of the HPLC analysis showed the presence of other of secondary metabolites, among which were also identified: fumarprotocetraric acid, 3-hydroxyfisodic acid, fisodalic acid, fisodic acid, usnic acid, atranorin and chloratranorin.Cilj ovog rada je izolovanje sekundarnih metabolita iz acetonskog ekstrakta lišaja Hypogymnia physodes i njihova identifikacija primenom HPLC analize.Rad je koncipiran sa ciljem da ispita i antimikrobnu aktivnost izolovanih aktivnih komponenti.Fisodinska kiselina, usninska kiselina i atranorin su izolovana jedinjenja iz acetonskog ekstrakta lišaja Hypogymnia physodes.Antimikrobna aktivnost, izražena preko vrednosti MIC, ispitana je na tri standardizovana bakterijska soja i dva soja gljivica. Dobijene MIC vrednosti su se kretale u opsegu od 7.5 do 1000µg/ml, pri čemu su izolovana jedinjenja najjače dejstvo ispoljila prema vrstama Klebsiella pneumoniae i Staphylococcus aureus. Pored pomenutih jedinjenja, rezultati HPLC analize pokazali su prisustvo više različitih sekundarnih metabolita medju kojima su identifikovani: fumaroprotocetrarinska kiselina, 3-hidroksifisodinska kiselina, fisodalinska kiselina, fisodinska kiselina, usninska kiselina, atranorin i hloratranorin
Analiza tehnologije i rezultata proizvodnje jaja za konzum na farmi „Natura“
Get PDFPoultry raising in recent decades developed into a significant economic sector. Contemporary production are high-quality meat and eggs to feed all the people. Eggs of domestic poultry are most appreciated food product and are an important and rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. The great advantage of the egg as food is good digestibility. The aim is to conduct an analysis of production technology and results of egg colored shell for consumption proveniences Isabrown, in the course of a production cycle on the farm "Natura", Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian Republic). Based on analysis of the applied technologies of production on the farm, as well as the production of the results, we can conclude that if the farm operates, and whether it is in accordance with the norms of the selecionera hybrids.Živinarstvo se posljednjih decenija razvilo u značajnu privrednu granu. Savremenom proizvodnjom dobijaju se visokokvalitetno meso i jaja za ishranu svih kategorija ljudi. Jaja domaće živine su najcjenjeniji prehrambeni proizvod i predstavljaju veoma važan i bogat izvor proteina, vitamina i mineralnih materija. Velika prednost jajeta kao namirnice je dobra svarljivost. Cilj rada je uraditi analizu tehnologije proizvodnje i rezultata proizvodnje jaja obojene ljuske za konzum provenijence Isabrown, u toku jednog proizvodnog ciklusa na farmi „Natura“, Bosna i Hercegovina (Republika Srpska). Na osnovu analize same primijenjene tehnologije proizvodnje na farmi, kao i dobijenih rezultata proizvodnje, može se zaključiti da li farma posluje, te da li je u skladu sa normativima samog selecionera hibrida
NaRA - nacionalni repozitorijum za obrazovanje u oblasti poljoprivrede – rezultat CaSA projekta
Get PDFThrough the realisation of CaSA TEMPUS project university teachers from 5 Serbian Universities were trained in active teaching learning methodology, academic skills and eLearning. They created 63 courses for knowledge refreshment, professional improvement, and in-service training of teachers of secondary agricultural schools and advisors in Extension services. In the virtual environment a platform for the National Repository for Agricultural Education - NaRA (http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs) is set. Courses: classic, blended and on-line (e-learning) are available on the NaRA portal. It also includes scientific and professional journals, defended doctoral theses (PDF), papers published in Proceedings of the symposia organized by Faculties participating in this TEMPUS project, and the results of projects and brochure funded by responsible Ministries. NaRA represents a unique online learning and information platform in the region.Kroz ralizaciju CaSA TEMPUS projekta obučeno je više od 60 mladih nastavnika pet Univerziteta koji su kreirali 63 seminara/modula za inovaciju znanja i profesionalno usavršavanje nastavnika srednjih poljoprivrednih škola i savetodvaca Poljoprivredne savetodavne stručne službe (PSSS) Srbije. U virtuelnom okruženju Univerzitetskog Računskog centra Beogradskog Univerziteta postavljena je platforma Nacionalnog Repozitorijuma za poljoprivredno obrazovanje - NaRA (http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs). Kursevi, klasični, mešoviti i on-line (e-learning) dostupni su na portalu NaRA. U njemu se nalaze časopisi, odbranjene doktorske disertacije, Zbornici publikovanih radova skupova čiji su organizatori Fakulteti učesnici TEMPUS projekta i rezultati projekata i brošure koje finansiraju resorna Ministarstva i druge relevantne publikacije
Transgeni organizmi-biotehnološka moć
Get PDFCreation of transgenic organisms should be endeavored necessary amount of food
for the elimination of mankind hunger, increase yield and quality, resistance to diseases
and pests, tolerance to high and low temperature properties and improvement of
transportation and storage. Transgenic organisms are characterized by a higher content
of protein, oil, and starch specific structure. Their use in the diet can have different
effects on human health from uncontrolled use. Due to the relatively short period since
the creation of transgenic organisms and for greater security man and the ecosystem of
their production and trade is within the legal regulations and legislation.Čovek je tokom svog istorijskog razvoja do danas bio, između ostalog,
kreativno biće u interakciji sa spoljašnjom sredinom. Birao je najbolje vrste, najbolje
plodove, najbolja staništa i u tom ambijentu je proizvodio i kreirao bolje od postojećeg pa
i u živom svetu. Transgeni oganizmi su kreirani u cilju povećanja prinosa, kvaliteta i
adaptivnosti a time i obezbeđenje hrane za ljudsku populaciju koja se brojno umnožava.
Za neke transgene organizme je ustanovljeno negativno delovanje na druge organizme i
ekosistem. Tako su se u oblasti biotehnologije postigli vrhunski rezultati koji ne ostavljaju
ravnodušnim pojedince, grupe i udruženja u naučnoj, stručnoj i široj javnosti kod nas i u
svetu
Uticaj biostimulatora na kvalitet rasada bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum L.) u kontejnerskom sistemu proizvodnje
Get PDFBasil nursery plants (Ocimum basilicum L.) was produced in containers. Viva,
Actiwave and Radifarm were the biostimuli added in nursery plants production, in the
concentrations of 0,20 and 0,40%. The experiment included seven versions.
Biostimulators Viva were used to water the planting each 10 days, while Actiwave and
Radifarm was used for the same purpose each 15 days.
Research results indicate considerable, positive effect of the use of natural
biostimulators in the production of basil nursery plants. The best quality of nursery
plants was achieved when Actiwave biostimulators was used in concentrations of
0,40%.U savremenoj biljnoj proizvodnji prisutni su različiti biostimulatori koji utiču na
razvoj biljaka. Rasad bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum L.) je proizveden u kontejnerima.
Prilikom proizvodnje rasada dodavani su sledeći biostimulatori: Viva, Actiwave i Radifarm u
koncentracijama od 0,20% i 0,40%. Ogled se sastojao od sedam varijanti. Rasad je zalivan
biostimulatorom Viva na svakih 10 dana, a biostimulatorima Actiwave i Radifarm na svakih
15 dana. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajan, pozitivan, efekat upotrebe prirodnih
biostimulatora u proizvodnji rasada bosiljka. Najbolji kvalitet rasada postignut je upotrebom
biostimulatora Actiwave i to u koncentraciji od 0,40%
Karakteristike proizvodnje semena povrća u Srbiji
Get PDFSeed production in the Republic of Serbia is a very important sector of agriculture.
This production is taking place in public and private sector. Although seed production in
Serbia can meet domestic demands, a certain amount of seed is being imported.
Unfortunately, some vegetable producers (except for organic, dynamic or bio
production) use a certain amount of vegetable seeds from their own mercantile
production. Crops produced from such seed generate low yields due to poor seed quality
(varietal impurity, low germination) and health.
The study covered four years (2007-2010) and the surfaces under the vegetable
crops aimed for seed production: 2007 (956 ha of seed produced in Serbia of which 64.9
ha produced by the Institute for Vegetable crops); 2008 (1152 in Serbia, 137 ha the
Institute); 2009 (1219 ha in Serbia, 242.1 ha the Institute); 2010 (976 ha in Serbia, 198.7
the Institute).Proizvodnja semena je veoma bitna sa aspekta održivosti poljoprivrede
jedne zemlje. U današnjoj eri sekvencioniranja, mapiranja i nadasve zaštite istraženih
sekvenci, ovakve tendencije predstavljaju mogućnost za objektivnu zavisnost od
istraživača (vlasnika) koji su odredili pojedine sekvence odgovorne za nasleđivanje
pojedinih - traženih osobina novoselekcionisanih sorata. Posebno poglavlje ove
problematike predstavljaju i GMO organizmi i njihova prezentacija širokoj proizvodnoj
praksi kroz novonastale selekcije. U Republici Srbiji nije dozvoljena upotreba GMO
selekcija ali smo svesni da se vrši pritisak na izmenu pozitivnih propisa i dozvolu
širenja upotrebe ovih organizama.
Semenarstvo Republike Srbije je veoma značajna grana poljoprivredne proizvodnje
kojom se u državu slivaju velike količine novca od prodaje semena domaćih selekcija.
Povrtarstvo je samo jedan mali segment ove proizvodnje, ali veoma bitan, kako za
domaće proizvođače –farmere koji se sve podložniji svetskim trendovima nastupa na
organizovanim tržištima a koji zahtevaju određene karakteristike gajenih sorti, tako i za
konzumente povrća. Ovi zahtevi savremenog tržišta najčešće su u suprotnosti sa
kvalitetom.
Današnje semenarstvo Srbije se odvija u državnom i privatnom sektoru. Iako
proizvodnja semena može podmiriti domaće potrebe, izvesna količina semena se
nabavlja uvozom. Ovaj uvoz je postojao i u vreme zatvorenog tržišta SFRJ, te su
smenske kompanije navikle na tržišnu utakmicu. Problem, a iskazala ga je i Evropska
Unija svojim zakonima, jeste da jedan deo povrtara, osim za organsku (dinamičku, bio
i dr proizvodnju), koriste određene količine semena povrća iz sopstvene merkantilne
proizvodnje. Ovakvi usevi ostvaruju niske prinose kako zbog kvaliteta semena (sortna
čistoća, klijavost), tako i zbog zdravstvene ispravnosti semena
Sortiment povrća koji nastaje u Republici Srbiji stvaran je u agroekološkim
uslovima Balkanskog poluostrva te je zato i našlo je tržište širom Balkana, a u poslednje
vreme, i Evrope. Cilj ovog rada je da se iskaže učešće u proizvodnji pojedinih
povrtarskih vrsta izraženo po površinama i u količinama Instituta za povrtarstvo d.o.o u
semenarskoj proizvodnji Srbije. Istraživani ciklus je obuhvatao 4 godine i u njemu je
proizvedeno seme povrća na 956 ha 2007 (64.9 ha), 1152 (137) 2008. godine, 1219 ha
(242.1ha) 2009. godine i 976 ha (198.7 ha) 2010. godine
Agrobiološka i tehnološka svojstva sorte Frankovka u uslovima severne Kosovske Mitrovice
Get PDFResults of the investigation of agrobiological traits and technological properties of
the vine cultivar Frankovka are presented in this paper. The investigation was carried
out in North Kosovska Mitrovica, nearby the Church of St. Dimitrios. The vineyard was
established in 2005. Planting distance was 2.5 x1m. Weather conditions were favorable
for development of the cultivar Frankovka. The study was aimed to observe important
agrobiological traits of the cultivar Frankovka, as well as possibility growing and
spreading in the conditions of North Kosovska Mitrovica. On the basis of the obtained
results it can be concluded that the cultivar Frankovka has shown positive
agrobiological and technological properties in the conditions of North Kosovska
Mitrovica.U radu se prikazuju rezultati istraživanja agrobioloških i tehnoloških svojstava
sorte frankovka u uslovima severne Kosovske Mitrovice.Ispitivanja su obavljena na potesu
vinogradi u severnoj Kosovskoj Mitrovici.Vinograd je podignut 2005. godine i nalazi se u fazi
rastuće rodnosti.Razmak sađenja iznosi 2.5 x 1 m .U periodu ispitivanja vladali su povoljni
meteorološki uslovi za rastenje i razviće sorte frankovke.
Cilj ispitivanja je bio da se provere važnija agrobiološka i tehnološka svojstva sorte
frankovke i mogućnost njenog gajenja i širenja u uslovima severne Kosovske Mitrovice.
Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju da na području severne Kosovske Mitrovice postoje povoljni agroekološki
uslovi za normalno gajenje sorte frankovke i postizanje karakterističnog kvaliteta grožđa i vina
Primena prirodnih antimikrobnih sastojaka u proizvodnji mlečnih proizvoda
Get PDFLarge consumer concern about widespread use of synthetic chemical additives in
spite of a large number of their potentially harmful effects, it seems that foods preserved
with natural supplements are becoming very popular. Natural ingredients are usually
directly added to the dairy products in various stages of manufacture. Due to the ability
to interact with the other ingredients of the product there is a decrease in activity of the
natural antimicrobial agents, or their inactivation, by treatment with an attempt to
products at the stage of the milk prior to packaging. Values are already confirmed
immersion, spray aerosols, and coating products. The aim of our work is to provide an
overview of the different tests in which natural antimicrobial ingredients applied in
different concentrations and in different ways during the preservation of dairy products.Velika zabrinutost potrošača zbog široke upotrebe sintetskih hemijskih aditiva,
uprkos velikom broju njihovih potencijalno štetnih efekata, čini da namirnice
konzervisane prirodnim dodacima postaju veoma popularne. Prirodni sastojci se najčešće
direktno dodaju proizvodima od mleka u različitim fazama proizvodnje. Usled mogućnosti
da u interakciji sa drugim sastojcima proizvoda dođe do smanjenja aktivnosti prirodnih
antimikrobnih sredstava ili njihove inaktivacije, pokušava se sa tretmanom proizvoda od
mleka u fazi pre pakovanja. Vrednost su već potvrdili uranjanje, prskanje aerosolima, i
premazivanje proizvoda. Cilj našeg rada je da pruži pregled različitih ispitivanja u kojima
su prirodni antimikrobni sastojci primenjeni u različitim koncentracijama i na različite
načine prilikom konzervisanja mlečnih proizvoda