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Antioksidativna aktivnost metanolskog ekstrakta lista biljke Saxifraga Rotundifolia L.
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant activity of the
methanol leaf extract of Saxifraga rotundifolia L., depending on the total quantity of
phenols, flavonoids and flavonol. The tested extracts showed high phenolic content
(324.39 mg GA/g) and small amounts of flavonoids (36.81 mg RU/g) and flavonols
(11.52 mg RU/g). The antioxidant activity was determined by a series of in vitro
methods. The tested extracts showed high level of total antioxidant activity (509.78 mg
AA/g), and high degree of ABTS+ and DPPH "scavenger" activity with IC50 value of
48.76 μg/mL for ABTS+ method and 30.39 μg/mL for DPPH method. The results
indicate that the tested extract has significant antioxidant activity and can be a source of
natural antioxidants.Cilj rada je bio da se ispita potencijalna antioksidativna aktivnost metanolskog
ekstrakta lista biljke Saxifraga rotundifolia L. u zavisnosti od ukupne količine fenola,
flavonoida i flavonola. Ispitivani ekstrakt pokazao je visok sadržaj fenola (324,39 mg
GA/g) i manje količine flavonoida (36,81 mg RU/g) i flavonola (11,52 mg RU/g).
Antioksidativna aktivnost određena je serijom in vitro metoda. Ispitivani ekstrakt
pokazuje visok nivo ukupne antioksidativne aktivnosti (509,78 mg AA/g), kao i visok
stepen АBTS+. i DPPH ,,skevindžer“ aktivnosti sa IC50 vrednošću od 48,76 μg/mL za
ABTS+. i 30,39 μg/mL za DPPH metodu. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da ispitivani ekstrakt
poseduje značajnu antioksidativnu aktivnost i može biti izvor prirodnih antioksidanata
Tržište sira u zemljama CEFTA grupacije
Get PDFThe subject and aim of the research is to review the current trends regarding export and
import in CEFTA member countries.The data has been collected from database of the
International Trade Center, for the period 2008–2012. The average world export of cheese in
the period of research was 7,606 tonnes with the tendency to significantly increase to up to
24.1% per year. The most prominent exporter is the Republic of Serbia which represents
63.8% of total regional export. The grouping’s import is 20,720 tonnes and the trend line
shows a moderate growth at an average rate of 7.9% per year. The biggest importer in the
region is Bosnia and Herzegovina which represents 37%. Countries of the region have a
negative balance of foreign cheese trade with an average export of more than 13,000 tonnes
(US $60 million). In order to increase the export, it is necessary to boost domestic cheese
production by changing the quality structure to meet the requirements of the foreign market.
The opportunity lies in the production and export of native cheeses as well as cheese
produced in organic agriculture system.Predmet i cilj istraživanja jeste sagledavanje trendova u izvozu i uvozu sira u
zemljama CEFTA grupacije. Izvore podataka predstavlja statistička baza Međunarodnog
trgovinskog centra (International Trade Centre), u vremenskom periodu 2008-2012. godina.
Prosečan izvoz grupacije iznosi 7.606 tona i ima tendenciju rasta po stopi od 24,1%. Najznačajniji
izvoznik jeste Republika Srbija sa učešćem od 63,8% u ukupnom izvozu
grupacije. Uvoz sira iznosi 20.720 tona i beleži trend umerenijeg rasta po stopi od 7,9%. Najveći
uvoznik u grupaciji jeste Bosna i Hercegovina, sa učešćem od 37%. Navedene zemlje
ostvaruju negativan bilans spoljnotrgovinske razmene sira, prosečno preko 13 hiljada tona
(60 miliona dolara). U cilju većeg izvoza neophodno je povećati domaću proizvodnju sira uz
promenu strukture sa stanovišta kvaliteta a prema zahtevima inostranog tržišta. Šansa je u
proizvodnji i izvozu autohtonih i sireva proizvedenih u sistemu organske proizvodnje
Osobine sperme u toku skladištenja nakon krioprezervacije kod linjaka (Tinca Tinca l.): Značaj za akvakulturu
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to test the effects of various cryoprotectants on the
motility of tench sperm, and also on the sperm features one hour after thawing. Two
experimental groups were formed, each for different cryprotectants. Methanol was used
in the first group, and DMSO in the second. Results displayed statisticaly significant
differences in sperm motility between groups right after thawing. The test was
continued only for the methanol group which showed satisfying progressive motility
right after thawing. During the one hour post-thawing storage test, there were no
significant differences in the progressive motility which indicated that the combination
of methanol (10%) and Grayling extender presnt a favorable combination for
cryopreservation and storage of tench sperm.Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj različitih krioprotektanta na pokretljivost
spermatozoida linjaka nakon krioprezervacije, kao i na njihove osobine u toku jednog časa
nakon odmrzavanja. Formirane su dve eksperimentalne grupe u zavisnosti od
krioprotektanta. U prvoj grupi uzorak je pripreman sa metanolom, a u drugoj sa DMSO.
Rezultati su pokazali da odmah nakon odmrzavanja postoji statistički značajna razlika u
progrisvnom motilitetu testiranih grupa te je test skladištenja mogao biti nastavljen jedino
sa uzorkom sa metanolom za koje su dobijene zadovoljavajuće vrednosti. U toku jednog
časa skladištenja nije došlo do statistički značajne promene u pokretljivosti. Može se
zaključiti da je kombinacija metanola (10%) i Grayling ekstendera veoma zadovoljavajuća
za krioprezervaciju i skladištenje sperme linjaka
Uticaj sistema gajenja koka nosilja na masu jaja
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to present effect of rearing system of lazing hens on weight
of table eggs. Monitored rearing systems were: conventional cage, floor system with
deep litter and organic rearing system. The hybrid used for the experiment was 52 week
old ISA Brown. Table eggs from cage and floor rearing systems are not differed among
themselves by weight, while organic eggs was significantly lighter than both groups.U radu je analiziran uticaj sistema gajenja koka nosilja na masu konzumnih jaja.
Posmatrani sistemi gajenja bili su: konvencionalni kavezni, podni sistem sa dubokom
prostirkom i organski sistem gajenja. Ispitivan je hibrid ISA Brown u 52. nedelji starosti. Jaja
za konzum iz kaveznog i podnog sistema gajenja nisu se međusobno razlikovala po masi, dok
su organska jaja bila statistički značajno lakša od obe pomenute grupe
Značaj prvog prolećnog tretiranja voćaka i vinove loze
Get PDFTreatment of fruit trees and grape vines at the onset of the growing season is a highly
important operation in fruit and grape production, leading to a reduction in the reproductive
potential of a large number of pests as well as to a decrease in pathogen inoculum density.
Timely inspection of fruit trees and grape vines over the winter indicates the need for early
spring treatments at the bud swell and bud burst stages.
During the 2011-2012 period, winter inspections were performed to determine the
presence of harmful overwintering insects and mites in apple plantings in the Town of Čačak.
Results show a high abundance of Aphididae, Geometridae and Acarinae.Tretiranje voćaka i vinove loze u vremenu kretanja vegetacije je veoma
značajna mera u tehnlologiji proizvodnje voća i grožđa. Ovim tretiranjem se na početku
vegetacije smanjuje potencijal razmnožavanja velikog broja štetočina i količina
inokuluma prouzrokovača bolesti. Blagovremeno sprovođenje zimskih pregleda voćaka
i vinove loze ukazuje na potrebu sprovođenja prvih prolećnih tretiranja u fenofazi
bubrenja i pucanja pupoljaka.
U periodu 2011-2012. godine zimskim pregledima utvrđivano je prisustvo
prezimljavajućih formi štetnih insekata i grinja u zasadima jabuka na teritoriji Grada
Čačka. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na visoku brojnost Aphididae, Geometridae i
Acarinae
Uticaj kalcizacije na proizvodnju krme crvene deteline i italijanskog ljulja gajenih u smeši
Get PDFThis paper examines the influence of liming (control - without CaO; 3t ha-1 CaO)
on acidic soil pH of 4.8 to forage, hay yield, the share of red clover, Italian ryegrass and
weeds in the total hay yield of mixture crop. The experiment was a set up by
randomized complete block design with three replications, with the size of the
experimental plots of 5m2 (5x1m). Sowing was done on 20 cm interrow. Soil liming
was resulted in a significant increase of yields forage and hay of crops only the first cut
in 2012. In all growth during 2011 and 2012, liming is influenced significantly increase
the share of Italian ryegrass at the expense of reduction of red clover share, while the
share of weeds was not significantly changed. In the third year of production, there was
only one growth of red clover, which was very sparse and exhausted, and Italian
ryegrass was not. In such conditions, liming is influenced significantly increase the
share of red clover at the expense of a significant reduction in the share of weeds.U radu je ispitivan uticaj primene kalcizacije (kontrola – bez CaO; 3t ha-1
CaO) na kiselom zemljištu pH 4,8 na prinos krme, prinos sena, udeo crvene deteline,
italijanskog ljulja i korova u ukupnom prinosu sena zdrzuženog useva. Ogled je
postavljen po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu u tri ponavljanja, sa veličinom
eksperimentalne parcele od 5m2 (5x1m). Setva je obavljena na međurednom rastojanju od
20cm. Primena kalcizacije značajno je uticala na povećanje prinosa krme i prinosa sena
združenog useva jedino u prvom porastu 2012. godine. U svim porastima tokom 2011. i
2012. godine, kalcizacija je uticala na značajno povećanje udela italijanskog ljulja na
račun smanjenja udela crvene deteline, dok se udeo korova nije značajno menjao. U
trećoj godini proizvodnje, postojao je samo jedan porast crvene deteline, koji je bio jako
proređen i iscrpljen, a italijanskog ljulja nije bilo. U takvim uslovima kalcizacija je
uticala na značajno povećanje udela crvene deteline na račun značajnog smanjenja udela
korova
Primena prirodnih antimikrobnih jedinjenja u biološkoj zaštiti hrane
Get PDFThe use of certain micro-organisms, their metabolic products, as well as plant
extracts, is based on the development of new technologies of biological conservation
and protection, which application can contribute, on the one hand, to the standardization
process of making food products with uniform and / or improved quality parameters,
and on the other hand, the emergence of secure products with longer shelf-life.
The quest for a natural alternative to food safety, in relation to the use of chemical
substances, is one of the most important activities of the food industry which is
determined by the request of modern consumer to consume a minimum of processed
foods.Upоtrеbа оdrеđеnih mikrооrgаnizаmа, njihоvih mеtаbоličkih prоdukаtа, kао i
bilјnih еkstrаkаtа prеdstаvlја оsnоvu rаzvоја nоvih tеhnоlоgiја biоlоškоg kоnzеrvisаnjа i
zаštitе, čiја primеnа mоžе dоprinеti, s јеdnе strаnе, stаndаrdizаciјi prоcеsа izrаdе
prеhrаmbеnih prоizvоdа sа uјеdnаčеnim i/ili unаprеđеnim pаrаmеtrimа kvаlitеtа, а sа
drugе strаnе, nаstаnku bеzbеdnih prоizvоdа sа prоdužеnim rоkоm upоtrеbе. Potraga za
prirodnom alternativom zаštitе hrаnе, u odnosu na upotrebu hemijskih supstanci,
predstavlјa jednu od najvažnijih aktivnosti prehrambene industrije, koja je uslovljena
zahtevom savremenih potrošača za konzumiranjem minimalno prerađene hrane
Brzina konzumiranja vode zimskih pčela hranjenih različitom vrstom hrane
Get PDFThe aim of study was to determine the speed of water consumption in winter bees
fed with different types of food. Winter bees are unable to reach the natural water
sources, even their need for water are minimal. Different types of food differentially
affects the bees' physiological needs for water in the winter. Minimum consumption of
water was found in bees fed with sugar syrup (0.017 g/bee/day), and the maximum in
bees fed with enzymatic invert syrup with the addition of yeast (0.025 gr/bee/day). The
water content and the level of simple sugars in food for bees determines the amount of
water consumed in the winter life of bee.Cilj rada je da se utvrdi brzina konzumiranja vode zimskih pčela, koje su
hranjene različitim vrstama hrane. U zimskom periodu pčela je u nemogućnosti da dođe
do prirodnih izvora vode, iako su u tom periodu potrebe pčela za vodom minimalne.
Različita vrsta hrane različito djeluje na fiziološke potrebe pčela za vodom u zimskom
periodu. Minimalna konzumacija vode je utvrđena kod pčela hranjenih sa šećernim
sirupom 0,017 gr./pčeli/dan, a maksimalna kod pčela hranjenih sa enzimskim sirupom uz
dodatak pivskog kvasca 0,025 gr./pčeli/dan. Sadržaj vode i nivo prostih šećera u hrani za
pčele određuje količinu konzumirane vode u zimskom periodu života medonosne pčele
Skrining metoda ostataka pesticida u pčelama
Get PDFThe losses of bee colonies are of alarming proportion not only for bee-keepers and
honey consumers but for agricultural production and the market itself as well. Since
2006, honey bees and other pollinators throughout the world have experienced ongoing
and rapid population declines. The continuation of this crisis threatens the stability of
ecosystems, the economy and our food supply, as one in three bites of food are
dependent on pollinator services. The extraction and purification of bees samples were
done by the QuEChERS method. The obtained extracts were analyzed by GC-MS,
screening analysis of bees to the content of 927 pesticides.Gubici pčelinjih društava su alarmantni ne samo za pčelara i potrošače meda,
nego za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju uopšte. Od 2006. godine, pčele i drugi oprašivači
širom sveta doživnjavaju stalan i veoma brz pad populacije. Nastavak ove krize, ugrožava
stabilnost ekosistema, privrede i proizvodnju hrane, usled njihove zavisnosti od
polinatora. U radu su analizirani uzorci uginulih pčela ekstrahovani i prečišćeni
QuEChERS metodom, dok su dobijeni ekstrakti analizirani GC-MS skrining metodom na
sadržaj 927 pesticida
Noviji nalazi i stepen pojave prstenaste nekroze krtola krompira (potato virus y, pvyntn) u Srbiji
Get PDFPotato virus Y i.e. its necrotic strain (PVYNTN) is among the most economically
harmful agents of potato diseases in Serbia and in many countries across the world.
Damage caused by the virus involves reduced yields of infected plants, its spread i.e. a
high percentage of infected plants at the country level and a high rate of annual
infections (infestation of healthy plants) during the growing season. In most widely
grown potato cultivars, the necrotic strain of potato virus Y causes symptoms only on
aboveground parts, depending on cultivar and time of infection (primary and
secondary).
The necrotic strain of potato virus Y causes additional problems to some potato
cultivars including symptoms of necrotic ringspot disease on tubers, resulting in their
reduced quality or rendering them unmarketable. Experience shows that these are
mostly cultivars that have a high dry matter content in tubers and that are processed into
potato chips.
This study presents results on the susceptibility of some potato cultivars to tuber
necrotic ringspot disease as well as on the incidence of the disease under conditions
characterised by a high potential for infection with the necrotic strain of potato virus Y.Y virus odnosno nekrotični soj (PVYNTN) ovog virusa je jedan od ekonomski
najštetnijih prouzrokovača bolesti krompira u Srbiji i mnogim zemljama sveta. Štetnost
virusa se ogleda u smanjenju prinosa zaraženih biljaka, njegovoj raširenosti odnosno
visokom procentu zaraženih biljaka krompira na području države i velikoj brzini
jednogodišnjeg širenja (zaražavanja zdravih biljaka) u toku vegetacije. Nekrotični soj Y
virusa, na većini široko rasprostranjenih sorti u proizvodnji krompira, prouzrokuje
simptome samo na nadzemnom delu biljke krompira u zavisnosti od sorte kromira i
vremena zaraze (primarna i sekundarna).
Nekrotični soj Y virusa krompira predstavlja dodatni problem za neke sorte
krompira na čijim krtolama prouzrokuje simptome prstenaste nekroze što umanjuje
njihov kvalitet ili ih čini tržišno neupotrebljivim. Dosadašnja iskustva govore da su to
uglavnom sorte sa visokim sadržajem suve materije u krtolama i koje se koriste za
preradu u oplemenjene proizvode.
U ovo radu su prikazani rezultati osetljivosti nekih sorti krompira na prstenastu
nekrozu krtola i stepen pojave bolesti u našim uslovima koje karakteriše visok
infekcioni potencijal nekrotičnim sojem Y virusa