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Mikrobiološki i hemijski kvalitet vode za piće u filterskoj stanici „Mojdež“ i u distributivnoj mreži Herceg Novog
Get PDFTesting was performed in order to verify the impact of technological water treatment to its microbiological and chemical quality of the filter station and distribution network. Microbiological and chemical water quality parameters were determined by standard methods prescribed by the Regulation on the hygienic quality of drinking water (Sl. List SRJ No. 42/98 and 44/99). The values of the tested physical, physico-chemical and chemical parameters before and after treatment in the filter station "Mojdež", as well as in the distribution network of H. Novi, were not outside the framework defined in the Regulation. It has been found deviation only in terms of microbiological quality of drinking water in the locality near the filtering station "Mojdež" from which were isolated coliform bacteria.Ispitivanje je vršeno radi provere uticaja tehnološkog tretmana vode na njen mikrobiološki i hemijski kvalitet u samoj filterskoj stanici i distributivnoj mreži. Mikrobiološki i hemijski parametri kvaliteta vode određivani su standardnim metodama propisanim Pravilnikom o higijenskoj ispravnosti vode za piće (Sl. List SRJ br. 42/98 i 44/99). Vrednosti ispitivanih fizičkih, fizičko-hemijskih i hemijskih parametara pre i nakon tretmana u filterskoj stanici "Mojdež", kao i u distributivnoj mreži H. Novog, nisu izlazile izvan okvira predviđenih navedenim Pravilnikom. Utvrđeno je odstupanje samo u pogledu mikrobiološke ispravnosti vode za piće u lokalitetu kod filterske stanice "Mojdež" iz kojeg su izolovane koliformne bakterije
Revizija kao faktor poboljšanja rada menadžmenta u poljoprivrednom preduzeću
No full textThe audit can contribute to improving the management of the company. This can start the process of reducing the interval of risk in all parts of agricultural company. Management should be seen as a body that is constantly looking for innovative solutions that will improve the management of the company. The process of establishing control mechanisms should serve the improvement of the overall enterprise management. An audit can provide full management support, especially in the first phase of collecting data from the relevant stakeholders in the company. The authors primarily emphasize that there is no unified methodology initiated by the audit which would be considered generally accepted. Secondary authors point out that there is no generally accepted best practice that could be applied universally to the whole economy of the Republic of Serbia. With this work the authors emphasize profitability management efforts designed to take into account the recommendations of the audit, especially in the agricultural enterprise.Revizija može da doprinese poboljšanju upravljanja preduzeća. Time se može pokrenuti proces smanjivanja intervala rizika u svim delovima poljoprivrednog preduzeća. Menadžment treba posmatrati kao telo koje stalno traga za inovativnim rešenjima kojima će poboljšati upravljanje preduzećem. Procesi uspostavljanja kontrolnih mehanizmama treba da posluže poboljšanju ukupnog upravljanja preduzećem. Revizija može da pruže punu podršku menadžmentu, pogotovo u prvoj fazi prikupljanja podataka od relevantnih subjekata u preduzeću. Autori primarno ističu da ne postoji unificirana metodologija inicirana od strane revizije koja bi se smatrala opšteprihvaćenom. Autori sekundarno ističu da ne postoji opšte prihvaćena najbolja praksa koja bi se univerzalno primenila na celu privredu Republike Srbije. Ovim radom autori ističu isplativost napora menadžmenta da uvaži osmišljene preporuke revizije pogotovo u poljoprivrednom preduzeću
Agriculture Biomass: its potential in Slovakia and Serbia
Get PDFThe natural resources (oil, coal, natural gas) are insufficient to satisfy the needs of the people for electric and heating energy because sources of fossil fuels are limited. Emission of large quantities of carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere, in the course of combustion processes of solid and liquid fuels have been disrupting the environment. The future lies in the renewable energy sources (RES) surrounding us.
The rapid rise of crude oil prices in the early 70-ies of 20th Century focused global attention to the need for efficient use and finding new sources of energy. In addition, energy consumption is growing dramatically in developed countries. EIA expects that demand for energy will grow by 56% between 2010 and 2040 (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016).
In order to overcome the problems caused by the constant rise in the global population, rapid exploitation of many natural resources, increase of pollution and climate change, the World and Europe must radically change their approach to the production, processing, consumption, storage, recycling and disposal of biological wastes. European 2020 strategy indicates bioeconomy as a key element for sustainable and "green" development in the region (European Commission, 2012). Bioeconomy includes sustainable production of renewable biological resources and their conversion into food, biofuels, bioenergy and bioproducts (eg. bioplastics, biopesticides, etc.). It includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and paper production, as well as part of the chemical, biotechnological and energy industries.
Agriculture is a major consumer but also can become energy producer. Bearing in mind the amount of biomass produced, and the possibilities for its utilization, the negligible amount of biomass that is currently used as an energy source. An important feature is that biomass combustion is not an increased content of CO2 in the atmosphere, as the ecological point of view is very important. The necessity of integrated approach to the biomass policy is given special importance. Biomass is preferred to other sources of renewable energy, due to the increase in the alternative sources of income it provides to the farmers, and the development of the regional economic structures. It is expected that throughout Europe a new “energy producing” division of agriculture is about to unfold, which, in close cooperation with the energy producing and service providing sections of the national economy, may greatly contribute to the reduction of the energy shortage, while finding new sources of income.
Usage of biomass, which is mostly the agricultural waste, would reduce demand of the country for import of fuels, would promote environment protection, and the economy would prosper, which would contribute to the sustainable development of society.
At this study the sources of biomass and its potential will be described, as well as energy from agricultural biomass, with special emphasis on the situation and potential of Slovakia and Serbia in biomass. The possibilities of the use of alternative renewable energy sources were considered, such as biodiesel, biogas and bioethanol. Also the opportunities for development and implementation of the second, third and fourth generation biofuels are listed. The study included both positive and negative impacts of the production and use of renewable energy from agricultural biomass (biofuels) compared to the fossil fuels
Projektovanje i optimizacija rashladnih postrojenja u prehrambenoj industriji
Get PDFU svim oblastima prehrambene industrije primenjuju se rashladna
postrojenja. Rashladna postrojenja su kompleksni i skupi termoenergetski sistemi, pa je stoga
bitno za svakog prehrambenog tehnologa da razume osnovne principe rada ovih uredaja, a
takode i da bude sposaban da projektuje rashladno postrojenje i da na osnovu kapaciteta
postrojenja izabere opremu koja ce biti efikasna da zadovolji zahtevane tehnološke parametre,
a sa druge strane da bude i ekonomski prihvatljiva.
Kurs ce obuhvatiti teoretska i prakticna iskustva o principima rada rashladnih
postrojenja, kao i najnovije trendove u ovoj oblasti. Polaznici ce proširiti saznanja o materijalnim
i energetskim bilansima u rashladnim postrojenjima, opremi koja se upotrebljava u rashladnim
postrojenjima, vrstama izolacionih materijala, automatizaciji opreme u rashladnim postrojenjima,
kondicioniranju vazduha u rashladnim sistemima i nacinima zamrzavanja pojedinih
prehrambenih proizvoda
Arhitektura korenovog sistema kukuruza za efikasnije usvajanje fosfora: novija saznanja
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) is one of the most deficient and readily available element in the soil. Lower ability of roots to uptake P from soil with a low P content is the main obstacle to increase its utilization. The architecture of the root system depends on the distribution of phosphorus in soil profile in relation to tillage systems, rhizosphere pH, water content in the soil, as well as the type and time of application of mineral fertilizers. The differences of species (or genotype) in the root system design and their adsorption ability, size of root hairs etc., are responsible for the difference in uptake and movement of P in the soil. For maize, the differences between certain genotypes occur in the length of the primary root, root branching corner, the number and length of lateral roots and root hair elongation which gives the possibility of selecting the root to obtain hybrids with increased effect on phosphorus absorption as well as on other nutrients and water.Fosfor (P) je često jedan od deficitarnijih i nepristupačnijih elemenata u zemljištu. Slabija sposobnost korena da usvaja P iz zemljišta sa niskom koncentracijom ovog elementa je glavna prepreka za povećanje njegove iskorišćenosti. Arhitektura korenovog sistema zavisi od distribucije hraniva po profilu zemljišta, što je uslovljeno vrstom obrade tla, pH vrednošću rizosfere, sadržajem vode u zemljištu, kao i načinom i vremenom primene mineralnih đubriva. Razlike u korenovom sistemu pojedinih vrsta (ili genotipova), njihova sposobnost usvajanja, veličina i raspored korenskih dlačica i dr. odgovorni su za različitost usvajanja P u tlu. Kod kukuruza, razlike između pojedinih genotipova javljaju se u dužini primarnog korena, uglu grananja, broju i dužini lateralnih korenova, kao i izduživanju korenskih dlačica što pruža mogućnost za stvaranje hibrida sa poboljšanim korenovim sistemom za efikasnije usvajanje vode i mineralnih materija
Genetički resursi ječma (Hordeum sativum Jess.) u Crnoj Gori
Get PDFBarley, along with wheat, is the oldest cultivated plant. As a polymorphic culture, barley has the largest distribution areal among all the grains. On Balkans, cultural forms of barley came at the same time as wheat, thus were grown even before the arrival of the Slavs.
Local populations of spring two-row barley were grown in many mountain areas of Montenegro, while the multi-row barley was grown in southern regions as winter crop. However, in last thirty years, introduction of high technologies and high yielding selections led rapid disappearing of local populations of barley from the production. Local populations of spring two-row barleys are grown today on very small and remote rural areas, while the six-rowed forms completely disappeared from farmers' fields.
The first organized research done on diversity of barley was carried out in 2009 and 2010, when 10 local populations were collected in number of municipalities. All collected varieties are spring varieties, nine belong to the two-row group, and one to the group of six row barleys.
The results of the study of some domestic barley populations showed that with improved agrotechnology significantly higher yields can be achieved compared to those obtained growing barley in traditional crop production system. Growing impact of climate change will require breeding of improved, more productive and more resistant varieties for specific regions of production. Since these materials have broad adaptive capacity, it is expected considerable use of these materials in future breeding programs. Therefore, the study of domestic barley varieties should continue in the future, in order to put at disposal as many information on the genetic, phenotypic and usability traits to potential users.Ječam, zajedno sa pšenicom, pripada grupi najstarijih ratarskih biljaka. Kao veoma polimorfna kultura, ima najveći areal rasprostranjenja među svim žitima. Kulturni oblici ječma došli su na područje Balkana u isto vrijeme kada i pšenica, što znači da su se ovdje uzgajali i prije dolaska Slovena.
Lokalne populacije jarih dvorednih ječmova gajene su u mnogim planinskim oblastima Crne Gore, dok je višeredni ječam, kao ozima kultura, gajen u južnim predjelima. Međutim, u posljednjih tridesetak godina, sa dolaskom intenzivnih tehnologija i visokoprinosnih selekcija, lokalne populacije su počele da ubrzano nestaju iz proizvodnje. Lokalne populacije jarih dvorednih ječmova danas se gaje na veoma skromnim površinama i u udaljenim ruralnim predjelima, dok su ozime višeredne forme u potpunosti isčezle sa farmerskih njiva.
Prva organizovana istraživanja diverziteta ječma u Crnoj Gori izvedena su 2009. i 2010. godine, kada je na teritoriji većeg broja opština kolekcionisano 10 aksešena ječma. Prema ozimosti, svi sakupljeni aksešeni su jare forme, devet aksešena pripada grupi dvorednih, a jedan šestorednim ječmovima.
Rezultati proučavanja nekih lokalnih populacija pokazali su da se sa poboljšanom tehnologijom gajenja mogu ostvariti značajno veći prinosi od onih koji se dobijaju gajenjem u tradicionalnoj ratarskoj proizvodnji. Sve izraženiji uticaj klimatskih promjena zahtijevaće stvaranje boljih, rodnijih i otpornijih sorti za odgovarajuće proizvodne rejone. Pošto ovaj materijal posjeduju široku moć prilagođavanja, to u budućim programima oplemenjivanja mogu biti izvor nekih pozitivnih svojstava. Zbog toga proučavanje lokalnih populacija ječma treba nastaviti i u budućnosti, kako bi se potencijalnim korisnicima stavilo na raspolaganje što više informacija o genetičkim, fenotipskim i upotrebnim osobinama
Uticaj kalcizacije zemljišta na prinos sorti žutog zvezdana u trećoj godini proizvodnje
Get PDFIn less favorable growing conditions, especially in terms of climate and soil to produce sufficient quantities of qality animal feed, special attention should be paid to the cultivation of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of liming (control - without CaO and treatment with 3 t ha-1 CaO) on forage yield, hay yield and dry matter content in the forage of birdsfoot trefoil cultivars (K-37 and Rocco) on acid soil. The field trial was set up in 2012 in Čačak on the loessivized vertisol soil type (pHH2O 4.8). Sowing was done at a row spacing of 20 cm and a seeding rate of 18 kg seed ha-1. The results indicate that was birdsfoot trefoil to a great extent tolerant to acid soil. Soil liming had a positive effect on forage yield and hay yield of birdsfoot trefoil, only in the cultivar K-37.U manje pogodnim uslovima uspevanja, pre svega u pogledu klime i zemljišta, u cilju proizvodnje dovoljnih količina kvalitetne kabaste stočne hrane, posebnu pažnju treba posvetiti gajenju žutog zvezdana (Lotus corniculatus L.). Cilj rada bio je da se na kiselom zemljištu analizira uticaj kalcizacije (kontrola - bez CaO i tretman sa 3 t ha-1 CaO) na prinos krme, prinos sena i sadržaj suve materije u krmi sorti žutog zvezdana (K-37 i Rocco). Poljski ekseriment je postavljen 2012. godine u Čačku na zemljištu tipa lesivirana smonica (pHH2O 4,8). Setva je obavljena na rastojanju od 20 cm međuredno sa 10 kg ha-1 semena. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je žuti zvezdan u velikoj meri tolerantan na uslove kiselog zemljišta. Kalcizacija zemljišta je imala pozitivan uticaj na prinos krme i sena žutog zvezdana jedino kod sorte K-37
Pomološke osobine sorti oraha u agroekološkim uslovima Bijelog Polja
Get PDFThe most important walnut fruit features in Bijelo Polje area were examined in two-year period. Five introductive walnut fruits were used as materials: Ovcar, Elit, Sejnovo, Sampion and Rasna. Two-year data are shown for fruit dimension and weight, randman kernel and oil and proteins kernel content. The objective was to see the best cultivars and use them for further development in Bijelo Polje.
The cultivar Sampion, which showed the best results in comparison with others, can be recommended for intensive cultivation in Bijelo Polje area. Bigger fruits, high randman and the usual quality kernel also show that the cultivar Rasna is worth attention.U dvogodišnjem periodu su proučavane najvažnije osobine ploda pet introdukovanih sorti oraha na području Bijelog Polja i to: Ovčar, Elit, Šejnovo, Šampion i Rasna. U radu su prikazani dvogodišnji podaci za: masu i dimenzije ploda, randman jezgre i sadržaj ulja i proteina u jezgri. Cilj je bio da se na osnovu osobina ploda najbolje sorte predlože za dalje širenje na području Bijelog Polja.
Sorta Šampion, koja je u svakoj osobini nadmašila ostale proučavane sorte, može se preporučiti za intenzivnije gajenje na području Bijelog Polja. Krupni plodovi, visok randman i solidan kvalitet jezgre ukazuju i da je sorta Rasna vrijedna pažnje
Primjena poslovne inteligencije za analizu podataka i podršku odlučivanju u poljoprivredi
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to investigate and to present possibilities of using business intelligence in agriculture. We shortly introduced the term of business intelligence, presented some of its application in agriculture, and also presented some simple tools and its application for data analysis on a concrete set of data on small farms. By using these tools, decision makers are able to create custom data views from different perspectives, according to their specific needs and using their own skills. This should result in getting timely business information tailored to their needs.Cilj ovog rada je da se istraže i prezentuju mogućnosti primjene poslovne inteligencije u poljoprivredi. Ukratko je predstavljen pojam poslovne inteligencije, prikazane su neke od primjena u poljoprivredi, kao i mogućnosti za analizu podataka korišćenjem jednostavnijih alata poslovne inteligencije na konkretnom skupu podataka o poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima. Zahvaljujući primjeni tih alata, donosioci odluka imaju mogućnost da samostalno kreiraju poglede na podatke iz različitih perspektiva, te da na vrijeme dobiju informacije bitne za poslovanje, u formi prilagođenoj vlastitim potrebama
Rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja kukuruza
Get PDFCrop rotation and tillage systems are the most important agrotechical measures that interaction with the suppression of weeds and affect the size and composition of the weed seed bank and are in direct correlation with their content in the soil. Knowing seed bank, as well as monitoring the dynamics of the appearance of weed species, constitute the basis for planning and implementation of measures for their effective suppression. The paper presents the evaluation of weed infestation of maize grown in monoculture, 2-year crop rotation (maize, wheat) and 3-year crop rotation (maize, soybeans, wheat) on long-term experiment "Crop Rotation" of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Soil samples, taken after the harvest of corn from a depth of 0–15 cm, 15–30 cm and 30–40 cm, were used for the analysis of weed seed bank. By applying the methods of physical extraction, soil samples were irrigated through a system of sieves of different sizes, and by using binoculars and a guide for the determination, a separate determination of seeds was made. The data obtained made it possible to view the number of seeds present in the soil, as well as the vertical distribution of weed species in both arable and subsoil layer.Plodored i sistemi obrade zemljišta spadaju u najvažnije agrotehničke mere koje u interakciji sa suzbijanjem korova utiču na veličinu i sastav rezervi semena korovskih biljaka i u direktnoj su korelaciji sa njihovim sadržajem u zemljištu. Poznavanje rezervi semena, kao i praćenje dinamike pojave korovskih vrsta predstavljaju osnovu u planiranju i sprovođenju mera za njihovo efikasno suzbijanje. U radu je prikazana procena zakorovljenosti kukuruza gajenog u monokulturi, dvopoljnom (kukuruz, pšenica) i tropoljnom plodoredu (kukuruz, soja, pšenica) na višegodišnjem stacionarnom ogledu „Plodoredi“ Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Uzorci zemljišta uzeti nakon žetve kukuruza sa dubine 0–15 cm, 15–30 cm i 30–40 cm poslužili su za analizu rezervi semena korovskih biljaka. Primenom metode fizičke ekstrakcije, zemljišni uzorci su ispirani kroz sistem sita različite finoće, a korišćenjem binokulara i priručnika za determinaciju izvršena je determinacija odvojenog semena. Dobijeni podaci su omogućili da se prikaže brojnost prisutnog semena u zemljištu, kao i vertikalna distribucija semena korovskih vrsta kako u oraničinom, tako i podoraničnom sloju