2090 research outputs found

    Analiza performansi agregata traktor - sadilica rizoma kurkume

    No full text
    A field performance analysis of a developed prototype tractor-drawn turmeric planter is presented. The experiment was randomized in a factorial design of three planter levels of rhizome lengths (30, 45 and 60 mm) and operational speeds of 8, 10, and 12 kmh-1. An average mass of 3 kg of wholesome turmeric rhizomes were introduced into the hopper of the planter and planted in 90 m2 of experimental plot. During field evaluation of the machine, the effective field capacity, field efficiency, missing index, multiple index and planting depth were considered; whereas laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the planter’s seed rate, percentage rhizome bruise wheel slippage and fuel consumption. Results obtained show that the maximum seed rate was 0.283 th-1. The maximum percent bruised turmeric rhizome was found to be 30.08%. The mean effective field capacity varied between 0.63 - 0.96 hah-1, at operational speeds of 8 and 12 kmh-1, respectively and 45 mm rhizome length. The mean field efficiency was obtained to be 65.8%. The maximum wheel slippage of 4.37% and fuel consumption of 3.8 lha-1 were obtained at the machine speeds of 8 kmh-1 and 12 kmh-1, respectively; whereas the minimum wheel slippage of 3.14% and fuel consumption of 2.2 lha-1 were obtained at the machine speeds of 12 kmh-1 and 8 kmh-1, respectively for the range of the studied turmeric rhizome length. The highest and lowest percentage turmeric rhizome miss index of 35% were recorded for turmeric rhizome length of 30 mm at a speed of 10 kmh-1 and 8 kmh-1, respectively. An average planting depth of 68 mm was obtained. The numerical optimization approach was adopted to obtain an optimal operational parameters of 12 kmh-1 speed and 45 mm turmeric rhizome grading size with an overall desirability index of 0.73. An economic evaluation was calculated using the principle of payback period which was obtained to be very small (1.64 years) compared to the life of the planter of 17 years. Prospects for future works were suggested.Rad prikazuje ispitivanja terenski razvijenog prototipa sadilice za kurkumu (Curcuma Longa Linn). Ispitivanja su randomizirana u faktorskom dizajnu sa tri različite dužine rizoma kurkume od 30, 45 i 60 mm, i radnih brzina agregata traktor – sadilica je 8, 10 i 12 kmh-1. U ispitivanju je prosečna masa od 3 kg celih rizoma kurkume ubačena u spremište – levak sadilice i posađena na 90 m2 eksperimentalne površine. Tokom terenskog ispitivanja mašine-sadilice razmatrani su: efektivni učinak, statistička greška, višestruki indeks i dubina sadnje rizoma kurkume. Laboratorijska ispitivanja su obavljena kako bi se procenila potrebna količina materijala rizoma za sadnju, % proklizavanja točkova traktora i količina potrošenog goriva. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je maksimalna količina utrošenih rizoma kurkume bila 0,283 th-1. Utvrđeno je da maksimalni % modificiranog rizoma kurkume iznosi 30,08 %. Srednji efektivni učinak varirao je između 0,63 - 0,96 hah-1, pri stvarnoj operativnoj brzini rada agregata od od 8 i 12 kmh-1, odnosno dužini rizoma kurkume od 45 mm. Dobijen srednji učinak na polju od 65,8%. Maksimalno proklizavanje točkova traktora bilo je od 4,37%, a potrošnja goriva od 3,8 lha-1 dobijeni su pri brzinama agregata od 8 kmh-1 odnosno 12 kmh-1. Najmanje proklizavanje točkova traktora je 3,14% i potrošnja goriva 2,2 lha-1 dobijeni su pri brzinama agregata od 12 kmh-1 i 8 kmh-1. Najviši i najniži % prolaska rizoma kurkume kroz aparat sadilice je 35% , a konstatovan je za dužinu rizoma od 30 mm pri brzini agregata od 10 kmh-1 odnosno 8 kmh-1. Dobijena prosečna dubina sadnje rizoma kurkume je od 68 mm. Numerički optimizacijski pristup usvojen je da bi se dobili optimalni operativni parametri rada agregata brzine od 12 kmh-1 i veličine dubine sadnje rizoma kurkume od 45 mm sa ukupnim indeksom ostvarljivosti od 0,73. Ekonomska procena isplativosti izračunata je primenom načela povrata investicije, koja je dobijena kao vrlo mala (1,64 godine) u odnosu na mogući vek sadilice od 17 godina. Predloženi su zadaci i mogućnosti za buduće radove

    Performanse hibridnog fotovoltažnog / toplotnog sušenja u toplo-vlažnom regionu Nigerije

    No full text
    This paper presents a study carried out to investigate the performance of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal crop dryer in hot humid region of Umuagwo-Ohaji in the South-east region of Nigeria, through energy and exergy analyses, drying, electrical and thermal efficiencies, energy utilization and energy utilization ratio, sustainability indicators such as waste energy ratio (WER), sustainability index (SI) and improvement potential (IP). Drying experiments were conducted at varying inlet air temperatures (50, 60 and 70oC), airflow rates (1.14, 2.29 and 3.43 kgs-1) and slice thicknesses (10, 15 and 20 mm) on 500g batch size of red pepper slices during sunshine periods. Results obtained show that the total and specific energy consumption for drying a batch of sliced red pepper samples varied between 2.08 – 34.91kJ and 7.04 – 62.76 kJkg-1, respectively. The energy utilization and energy utilization ratio during the drying process ranged from 195.75 – 3013.21 Js-1 and 1.82 – 20.4%, respectively. The energy and exergy efficiencies varied between 15.67- 38.17% and 26% to 88%, respectively. The mean drying efficiency of the system ranged from 7.12 – 40.27%. The maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies of 23.86% and 93.03%, respectively were obtained. A waste energy ratio of 0.0827 - 0.1579 was obtained, whereas SI and IP values ranged between 1.137 ≤ SI ≤ 6.119 and 0.198 ≤ IP ≤0.583kW, respectively. There is certainly a wide range of improvement in the PV/T system as 12.1 – 18.4 % of the solar irradiance was consumed for drying. Prospects for improvement and recommendations for further studies were suggested.Ovaj rad predstavlja studiju koja je sprovedena u cilju ispitivanja performansi hibridne fotonaponske/termičke sušare u toplo-vlažnom regionu Umuagvo-Ohaji, jugoistočni region Nigerije, kroz energetske i eks energijske analize: sušenje, električne i toplotne efikasnosti , koeficijent korišćenja energije i iskorišćenja energije, indikatori održivosti kao što su odnos energije otpada (VER), indeks održivosti (SI) i potencijal za poboljšanje (IP). Eksperimenti sušenja su sprovedeni na različitim temperaturama ulaznog vazduha (50, 60 i 70oC), brzinama protoka vazduha (1,14, 2,29 i 3,43 kg-1) i debljinama preseka (10, 15 i 20 mm) na 500g serije šarži crvenog bibera tokom perioda izlaganju sunčevoj svetlosti. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da ukupna i specifična potrošnja energije za sušenje serije rezanih uzoraka crvene paprike varira između 2,08 - 34,91 kJ i 7,04 - 62,76 kJkg-1, respektivno. Koeficijent korišćenja energije i iskorišćenosti energije tokom procesa sušenja kretao se od 195,75 do 3013,21 Js-1 i 1,82 do 20,4%, respektivno. Efikasnost energije i eks energije varira od 15,67 do 38,17% i 26% do 88%, respektivno. Srednja efikasnost sušenja sistema kretala se od 7,12 do 40,27%. Dobijene maksimalne električne i toplotne efikasnosti su od 23,86% i 93,03%. Dobijen je odnos energije energije od 0.0827 do 0.1579, dok su SI i IP vrijednosti u rasponu 1.137 ≤ SI ≤ 6.119 i 0.198 ≤ IP ≤ 0.583 kV, respektivno. Svakako postoji širok spektar poboljšanja u PV / T sistemu kao 12,1 do 18,4% solarnog zračenja koje je potrošeno za sušenje. Predložene su perspektive za poboljšanje i preporuke za dalje studije

    Ispitivanje ujednačenosti i efikasnost distribucije vode kod sistema za navodnjavanje sa rasprskivačima

    No full text
    Irrigation water is one of the limited resources and need to be managed efficiently in order to meet crop water requirement. Thus, water resources have to be utilized in such a manner as to protect and conserve the available water reserves in the most efficient way as possible to prevent unnecessary losses and water wastage. In view of this, the research evaluates the uniformity and water conveyance efficiency of spray tube irrigation system using sixty catch cans at different spacing intervals of 0.5 m x 0.5 m, 1 m x 1 m, 1.5 m x 1.5 m and finally with 2 m x 2 m. The results shows that value of Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (CU) ranges from 87% to 92%, distribution uniformity (DU) ranges from 79% to 88% and scheduling coefficient (Sc) ranges from 1.13 to 1.27. Efficient performance and delivery of the spray tube irrigation system is envisaged to help cut down operational cost, water losses and to increase crop yield.Voda za navodnjavanje je jedan od ograničenih resursa i sa njim se mora efikasno upravljati, da bi se zadovoljile potrebe useva za vodom. Zato se vodeni resursi moraju koristiti tako da se zaštite i sačuvaju raspoložive količine vode na najefikasniji način, i tako eliminišu nepotrebni gubici i rasipanje vode. U ovom istraživanju se procenjuje ujednačenost i efikasnost distribucije vode sistemom za navodnjavanje sa rasprskivačima pomoću šezdeset uložaka u različitim intervalima rastojanja od 0,5m x 0,5m; 1m x 1m; 1,5m x 1,5m i konačno sa rastojanjem od 2m x 2m. Rezultati ispitivanja rasprskivača pokazuju da se vrednost Christiansen koeficijenta uniformnosti raspodele vode (CU) kreće od 87% do 92%, uniformnost distribucije (DU) u rasponu od 79% do 88%, a koeficijent zakazivanja sistema (Sc) u rasponu od 1,13 do 1,27. Predviđene performanse sistema i isporuka vode za navodnjavanje prema rasprskivačima pomažu u smanjenju: operativnih troškova, gubitaka vode, i znatno se povećava prinos useva

    Hidraulički simboli - deo IV: razvodni ventili

    Full text link
    The mechanization of a wide variety of production processes and operations in modern primary agricultural production, transport, storage and the accompanying food processing industry can hardly be accomplished without automation. In most cases, production efficiency and environmental sustainability require, among other things, accurate control of the flow of energy within the installations, work machines, devices and mechanisms used. From the point of view of the theory of automatic control and regulation, the elements of the engaged technique: machines, devices and mechanisms represent the objects of control. The controlled routing and optimal delivery of energy to desired management facilities is, as a rule, very rarely uniform, as it must have correctlyaligned timing with the current variable requirements of the production or operation process, which often change quite unpredictably over the time. The required amount of energy can be transferred to consumers in agriculture through the application of appropriate mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic systems, as well as with their combinations. All existing kinds of energy transmission systems have certain advantages and disadvantages, with a common requirement for appropriate controls. In the focus of interest of this paper are the graphic symbols of the directional control valves for hydraulic transmission and control, designated as hydraulic directional control valves, or shorter, the hydraulic distributors.Mehanizacija mnogobrojnih proizvodnih procesa i operacija u savremenoj primarnoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, transportu, skladištenju i pratećoj prehrambenoj prerađivačkoj industriji teško se može ostvariti bez automatizacije. U najvećem broju slučajeva, proizvodna efikasnost i ekološka održivost zahtevaju, između ostalog, preciznu kontrolu toka energije u okviru primenjenih instalacija, radnih mašina, uređaja i mehanizmima. Sa gledišta teorije automatskog upravljanja, elementi angažovane tehnike, mašine, uređaji i mehanizmi, mogu predstavljati objekte upravljanja. Kontrolisano usmeravanje i optimalno dostavljanje određene količine energije željenim objektima upravljanja po pravilu je veoma retko uniformno, jer mora biti usklađeno sa vremenski nepredvidivim promenama zahteva proizvodnog procesa ili operacije. Potrebna energija može se preneti prema potrošačima u poljoprivredi primenom odgovarajućih mehaničkih, električnih, pneumatskih ili hidrauličkih sistema, kao i njihovim sadejstvom. Svi postojeći tipovi sistema prenosa energije imaju izvesne prednosti i nedostatke, uz zajednicki zahtev za odgovarajućim upravljačkim elementima. U fokusu ovog rada su grafički simboli upravljačkih ventila hidrauličkog prenosa energije (snage) i upravljačkih signala, označeni kao hidraulički razvodni ventili, ili hidraulički razvodnici

    Pametna rešenja poljoprivredne opreme za sigurno upravljanje na daljinu

    No full text
    Nowadays the increasing of the efficiency of agricultural production and the increasing of crop yields cannot be achieved without modern digital technology and smart machines that are a part of it. With the spread of precision agriculture and the digitalisation next to the power machines the attached equipment is becoming smarter and smarter. Through permanent technological and IT development, it became possible to thoroughly monitor and analyse operating functions and parameters not only for the most important power machines such as tractors, combines and other, but also there are existing solutions for measurement - and related to that a collection and an analyse of data - of specific utilisation parameters for other attached equipment. All of these processed data are essential for making well-considered actions related to the production technology and the machine operating. They help us to gain information about the quality of machine operations of the technology, the environmental factors, or even about the state of attached working equipment and machines. In this work, the vibration control system as smart solutions on the fail movers will be presented which are effective tools for the utilization of machines, for the precision machine work as well as for prolonging the machine life cycle.U današnje vreme povećanje efikasnosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje i povećanje prinosa useva ne mogu se postići bez priemne savremenih digitalnih tehnologija i “pametnih” mašina. Sa većom primenom precizne poljoprivrede i digitalizacijom, pored pogonskih mašina, i priključna oprema i mašine postaju sve “pametnije”. Kroz stalni tehnološki i informatički razvoj, postalo je moguće detaljno nadgledati i analizirati radne funkcije i parametre, ne samo pogonske mašine, kao što su traktori, kombajni ili druge slične, već i postojeća rešenja koja uključuju merenje i analizu podataka i specifičnih parametara upotrebe za priključenu opremu i mašine. Svi dobijeni i obrađeni podaci sa sistema mašina su od suštinske važnosti za dobro i uspešno korišćenje proizvodne tehnologije u radu mašine. Merni i kontrolni sitemi na mašinama pomažu da se dobiju: informacije o kvalitetu rada mašina u primenjenoj tehnologiji, faktorima životne sredine ili čak stanje i ispravnost rada priključene radne opreme i mašina. U ovom radu je predstavljen sistem za daljinsku kontrolu i merenje vibracija na mašinama, kao pametno rešenje za pokretače (i uzroke) kvarova koji su efikasno sredstvo za korišćenje mašina, precizan rad i time produženje životnog ciklusa mašine

    Nutritivne vrednosti komposta, vermikomposta i dugoročni efekat na status plodnosti zemljišta

    No full text
    The principal aim of this study was to examine the nutrient release pattern from two types of composts and long-term implications on soil fertility status. An incubation experiment was carried out in the laboratory to determine the nutrient release patterns from compost and vermicompost mixed with soil at different application rates of SC30, SC70, SC120 and SV30, SV70 SV120 respectively for 21 days. Initial pre-incubation analysis of the compost material used for the experiment showed that both the compost and vermicompost had high nutrient content. The results further revealed that the different rates of compost and vermicompost application to soil had significant influence on the slow, gradual release process, indicating the long-term effect the organic fertilizers could exert on soil fertility statusGlavni cilj ove studije je bio ispitivanje obrazca oslobađanja hranljivih materija iz dva tipa komposta i dugoročne posledice na status plodnosti zemljišta. Izvršen je eksperiment inkubacije u laboratoriji da bi se utvrdili obrasci oslobađanja hranljivih materija iz komposta i vermikomposta pomešanih sa zemljištem, pri različitim količinama kombinacijama primene SC30, SC70, SC120 i SV30, SV70 SV120, tokom 21 dan. Početne pre inkubacijske analize kompostnog materijala korišćenog za eksperiment pokazale su da i kompost i vermikompost imaju visok sadržaj hranljivih sastojaka. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su različite količine unetog komposta i vermikomposta u zemljište imale značajan uticaj na spor, postepen proces oslobađanja, hranljivih materija, što ukazuje na dugoročni efekat koji organsko đubrivo može da ima na status plodnosti zemljišta

    Međusobni uticaj različitih parametara pri monitoringu prinosa

    No full text
    en measuring and analyzing site-specific yield known as the yield monitoring within a wider cycle of precise agriculture, about 30 parameters are measured from inertia for mapping yields. The most important parameters with the default three parameters that define the location (latitude, longitude and elevation) are mass grain yield and grain moisture. In addition to this data during the yield monitoring, the temperature of the grain, speed of the combine and delution of precision (DOP) were also observed in this paper. By simple statistical testing of the correlation between these parameters, the level of mutual influence was determined, among other things, the degree of influence of all mentioned and observed parameters on yield, in response to the research question whether the yield affects another parameter other than the location and physical and chemical properties of the land at that location . A different degree of influence was determined, but no significant additional impact on the yield was calculated by measuring and measuring the measurement itself. For the monitoring of the yield of seed wheat harvesting on the "Mladost" PKB, Tabla 2, the Class Lexion 450 harvester with an upgraded system for monitoring the AGL Technology manufacturer was used. For the statistical analysis, the parametric method of correlation within the software package SPSS Statistics v.21 was used.Pri merenju i analizi lokacijski specifičnog prinosa poznatijeg kao monitoring prinosa u okviru šireg ciklusa precizne poljoprivrede meri se oko 30 parametara od interesa za mapiranje prinosa i šire. Najvažniji parametri uz podrazumevana tri parametra koja definišu lokaciju (latituda, longituda i elevacija) su maseni prinos zrna i vlažnost zrna. Uz ove podatke tokom monitoringa prinosa u ovom radu posmatrani su i temperatura zrna, brzina kretanja kombajna i odstupanje preciznosti lociranja (DOP). Jednostavnim statističkim testiranjem korelacije između ovih parametara utvrđen je nivo međusobnog uticaja, između ostalog i stepen uticaja svih navedenih i posmatranih parametara na prinos, kao odgovor na istraživačko pitanje da li na prinos utiče još neki parametar osim lokacije i fizičko-hemijskih osobina zemljišta na toj lokaciji. Utvrđen je različit stepen uticajnosti, ali nije otkriven ni jedan značajan dodatni uticaj na prinos izračunat posredstvom merenja i makon samog merenja. Za monitoring prinosa pri žetvi semenske pšenice na imanju „Mladost“ PKB, Tabla 2, korišćen je kombajn Class Lexion 450 sa nadograđenim sistemom za monitoring AGL Technology proizvođača. Za statističku analizu korišćena je parametarska metoda korelacije u okviru softverskog paketa SPSS Statistics v.21

    Konvolucijske neuronske mreže - primena u preciznoj poljoprivredi

    Full text link
    A promising concept of artificial intelligence that records intense developments in the field of digital imaging is Deep Learning (DL). More intensive research within this field has been recorded over the past two decades, and has been applied in the agricultural industry as well. This paper will describe the DL technology which represents a part of Machine Learning (ML), based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It takes a special application in a machine vision where it allows machines to learn from experience, adapt to new technologies, and perform human tasks. Input data can be from a variety of sources: from classic digital camera shots to satellite images, as well as from recordings obtained by means of hyperspectral, thermal and infrared cameras. The increasing popularity and use of trunks in agricultural fields is increasing, and the very application of these new technologies leads to the huge amount of data that needs to be processed in real time, therefore, DL algorithms are increasingly used. The paper will summarize the current and considered possible applications of CNN in primary and precise agriculture in the future.Obećavajući koncept veštačke inteligencije koji beleži intenzivan razvoj u oblasti digitalne obrade slike je duboko učenje (Deep Learning – DL). Intenzivnije istraživanje u okviru ove oblasti beleži se poslednje dve decenije, a primenu poprima i u poljoprivrednoj industiji. U okviru ovog radu opisana je tehnologija DL koja predstavlja deo mašinskog učenja (Machine Learning – ML), bazirajući se na konvolucijske neuralne mreže (Convolution Neural Networks – CNN). Posebnu primenu zauzima u mašinskoj viziji gde omogućava mašinama da uče iz iskustva, prilagođavaju se novim tehnologijama i obavljaju ljudske zadatke. Ulazni podaci mogu biti iz raznovrsnih izvora: od klasičnih digitalnih snimaka kamere do satelitskih snimaka, kao i snimaka dobijenih pomoću hiperspektralnih, termalnih i infrared kamera. Sve je veća popularnost i upotreba dronova na poljoprivrednim površinama, a samom primenom ovih novih tehnologija dolazi se do ogromnog broja podataka koje je potrebno obraditi u realnom vremenu, stoga se i algoritmi DL sve više upotrebljavaju. U radu su prikazane dosadašnje primene CNN u primarnoj i preciznoj poljoprivredi kao i moguće primene DL u budućnosti

    Savremeni sistemi upravljanja flotom vozila

    Full text link
    Modern fleet management systems allow managers to effectively manage and optimize transport, which by its effects go way beyond the traditional approach to fleet management. These systems allow efficient control of vehicle use and fuel consumption, a review of historical data on the vehicles movements, monitoring driver behavior while driving and the engine running, the recording of certain offenses (speeding, non-use of safety belts, etc.), tracking vehicle maintenance, reducing direct and indirect costs and the recording of specific events.Savremeni sistemi upravljanja flotom vozila omogućavaju menadžerima efikasno upravljanje i optimizaciju prevoza, koji po svojim efektima značajno prevazilaze tradicionalni pristup za upravljanje flotom vozila. Ovi sistemi omogućavaju efikasnu kontrolu korišćenja različitih vozila i potrošnje goriva, pregled istorijskih podataka o kretanju vozila, praćenje ponašanja vozača tokom vožnje i rada motora, evidentiranje pojedinih prekršaja (prekoračenje brzine, nekorišćenje sigurnosnih pojaseva i dr.), praćenje održavanja vozila, smanjenje direktnih i indirektnih troškova i evidentiranje specifičnih događaja

    Interna i eksterna revizija kao faktor poboljšanja funkcije upravljanja poljoprivrednog preduzeća

    No full text
    An audit may be a factor and a decision support mechanism for the management is set up. This time the use of the revision should contribute to improving the overall management results of the agricultural enterprise. The main objective of applying the recommendations of internal and external audit is to reduce the risk to the enterprise at all levels of governance. The paper emphasizes the importance of establishing a process of control mechanisms, which will increase the safety and security of business operations. The overall audit can provide full support to the management structure in the efforts to increase the safety and efficiency of operations, which is important in the agricultural sector, since it has a slow turnover of capital. The authors point out that there is no generally accepted model of implementation of management's behavior regarding the practical application of audit jobs that can be introduced in order to increase the efficiency of the company's operations. In this way, the authors emphasize the importance of implementing the audit in agriculture, since they can benefit from the acceptance of audit conclusions.Revizija može da bude faktor i postavljen mehanizam podrške donošenja odluka menadžmentu. Time novine upotrebe revizije treba da doprinesu poboljšanju ukupnog rezultata upravljanja poljoprivrednim preduzećem. Osnovni cilj primene preporuka interne i eksterne revizije je smanjenje rizika po preduzeće na svim nivoima upravljanja. Rad ističe značaj uspostavljanja procesa kontrolnih mehanizmama, kojim će povećati sigurnost i bezbednost poslovanja preduzeća. Ukupna revizija može da pruže punu podršku upravljačkoj strukturi u nastojanjima povećanja sigurnosti i efikasnosti poslovanja, što je bitno u poljoprivrednoj delatnosti jer ista raspolaže sa sporim obrtom kapitala. Autori ističu da ne postoji opšte prihvaćeni model primene ponašanja menadžmenta po pitanju praktične primene revizijskih poslova koji se mogu uvesti u cilju povećanja efikasnosti poslovanja preduzeća. Time autori na konkretan način ističu značaj implementacije revizije u poljoprivredi jer ista može ostvariti benefite od uvažavanja revizijskih zaključaka

    1,534

    full texts

    2,090

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    CaSA NaRA
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇