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Razmatranje nekih agroekoloških uslova i odlika područja opštine Knić za ratarsku proizvodnju
Get PDFThe Knić Municipality has 36 populated places where there are 13,655 inhabitants in 4,761 households. Of the total number of households, 60.34% are registered agricultural holdings, while the status of active agricultural holdings is 41.50%, which represents an unsatisfactory percentage for accelerated development of agricultural production. In the parts of the cottage settlements, the most fertile soils are present, and in parts of the villages in the hills of the basin, the areas of lower fertility are widespread, and for intensive agricultural production they have to be repaired. Climatic characteristics are suitable for a variety of crop production with the need to provide irrigation conditions.Opština Knić ima 36 naseljenih mesta u kojima u okviru 4.761 domaćinstva živi 13.655 stanovnika. Od ukupnog broja domaćinstava 60,34% su registrovana poljoprivredna gazdinsva a status aktivnih poljoprivrednih gazdinstava ima 41,50% što predstavlja nezadovoljajući procenat za ubrzaniji razvoj poljoprivredne proizvodnje. U atarima kotlinskih naselja prisutna su najplodinija zemljišta, a u atarima sela u pobrđima kotline rasprostranjena su zemljišta niže plodnosti i za intenzivnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju se moraju popraviti. Klimatske karakteristike su pogodne za raznovstnu ratarsku proizvodnju uz potrebu obezbeđenja uslova za navodnjavanje
Sadržaj esencijalnih i toksičnih elemenata u plodu maline sorte Miker
No full textRaspberries are one of the most important export products from Serbia. In order to evaluate the fruit quality of raspberry cultivar ‘Meeker’, in this study, contents of essential and toxic elements were analysed by means of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) The most abundant essential elements in the fruit were K, Ca and Mg (2019.86, 310.28 and 275.37 mg kg-1, respectively). To assess the safety of dietary intake of elements through the consumption of ‘Meeker’ fruits, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) for Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn was calculated and compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). EWI for Ni (0.033) was on the upper limit value.Maline su jedan od najvažnijih izvoznih proizvoda iz Srbije. U ovom radu analiziran je sadržaj esencijalnih i toksičnih elemenata primenom induktivno spregnute plazme sa optičkom emisionom spektrometrijom (eng. ICP-OES), kako bi se procenio kvalitet plodova maline sorte Meeker. Najzastupljeniji esencijalni elementi u plodu bili su K, Ca i Mg (2019,86, 310,28 i 275,37 mg kg-1, respektivno). Da bi se procenila dijetetska bezbednost unosa elemenata konzumiranjem maline Meeker, procenjen je nedeljni unos (PNU) za Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb i Zn i upoređen je sa tolerantnim nedeljnim unosom (TNU). Procenjeni nedeljni unos (PNU) za Ni (0,033) bio je na gornjoj graničnoj vrednosti
Sastav bezglutenskog brašna sa posebnim osvrtom na mineralne materije
No full textThe aim of this paper is to investigate the composition of gluten free flours, with particular reference to the minerals content (As, Ag, B, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Tl, Zn, Si, and P). The following types of gluten-free flours were analyzed: palenta, gluten-free mix fluor, gluten-free palenta, flax flour, white buckwheat flour, corn white flour, as well as gluten flours with the purpose of comparison: flour for integral bread and wheat flour type 400. The samples were prepared by wet digestion process and then subjected to an ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the mineral composition of gluten and gluten free flours is different. In terms of nutritive value, the flour which proved to be the richest in term of higher content of macro (K - 7373,215 μg g-1, Na - 1978,009 μg g-1 and Mg - 1818,141 μg g-1) and micro essential elements (Zn - 46,001 μg g-1 and Cu-4,110 μg g-1) is a flax non-gluten-free flour. The lead content detected in white buckwheat (0.518 μg g-1) and white corn flour (0.534 μg g-1) is beyond the permitted amount, which limits their use in daily human diet.U ovom radu ispitivan je sastav bezglutenskog brašna u cilju određivanja sadržaja mineralnih materija (As, Ag, B, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Tl, Zn, Si i P). Analizirane su sledeće vrste brašna: palenta, bezglutenski mix, gluten-free palenta, laneno, belo heljdino brašno, projino kukuruzno belo brašno kao i glutenska brašna u cilju komparacije: brašno za integralni hleb i pšenično brašno-tip 400. Uzorci su najpre pripremljeni postupkom mokre digestije a potom podvrgavani ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry) analizi. Na osnovu prikazanih rezultata može se zaključiti da se mineralni sastav bezglutenskih i glutenskih brašana razlikuje. U pogledu nutritivne vrednosti, brašno koje se pokazalo najbogatije u smislu većeg sadržaja makro (K - 7373,215 μg g-1, Na - 1978,009 μg g-1 i Mg - 1818,141 μg g-1) i mikro esencijalnih elemenata (Zn - 46,001 μg/g i Cu-4,110 μg g-1) je laneno bezglutensko brašno. Sadržaj olova detektovan kod belog heljdinog (0,518 μg g-1) i belog kukuruznog brašna (0,534 μg g-1) je izvan granica dozvoljene količine olova u brašnima, što ograničava njihovu upotrebu u ishrani
Sadržaj mineralnih materija u sremušu (Allium ursinum) sa različitih lokaliteta Republike Srpske
Get PDFAllium ursinum is a plant, more known as sremus, crijemus, wild or bearded onion. In nutrition it is used as a vegetable (salad and spice), and in human medicine, as an auxiliary agent. It is significant due to its nutritional and healing value. Since diet is largely used seasonally and in fresh state, as a salad, it can be a significant source of some nutrients, such as mineral matter, which are of great importance for human health. Considering the polemics about sremus as a "source of health" we decided to analyze content of mineral matter, macro and micro elements in sremus, with four different locations of the northwest part of Repulic of Srpska. Sodium concentrations were determined from 31,065 to 32,905 mg / kg, potassium from 4703.06 to 4803.485mg / kg, calcium from 1532.545 to 1559.095 mg / kg. Microelements included nickel (0.358 to 0.388 mg / kg), cobalt, aluminum. Mineral matter was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry ICP OES spectroscopy after wet digestion.Allium ursinum u narodu je poznatiji kao sremuš, crijemuš, divlji ili medvjeđi luk. U ishrani se koristi kao povrće (salata i začin), a u humanoj medicini kao pomoćno sredstvo. Značajan je zbog svoje nutritivne i ljekovite vrijednosti. Pošto se u ishrani najvećim dijelom koristi sezonski u vrijeme prispjeća i u svježem stanju, kao salata, može da bude značajan izvor pojedinih hranjivih materija, kao npr. mineralnih materija, koje su od velikog značaja za zdravlje ljudi. Obzirom na dosta polemike o sremušu kao „izvoru zdravlja“ odlučili smo da u ovom radu analiziramo sadržaj mineralnih materija, makro i mikro elemenata u sremušu, sa četiri različite lokacije sjeverozapadnog dijela Republike Srpske. Određene su koncentracije natrijuma od 31,065 do 32,905 mgkg-1, kalijuma od 4703,06 do 4803,485mgkg-1, kalcijuma od 1532,545 do 1559,095 mg/kg. Od mikroelemenata određeni su nikl (0,358 do 0,388 mgkg-1), kobalt, aluminijum. Mineralne materije su određivane atomskom apsorpcionom spektrofotometrijom ICP OES spektroskopijom nakon vlažne digestije
Autohtona mikrobiota sjeničke ovčije stelje
Get PDFDry-cured sheep ham is traditional products of the Western Balkans. It is produced by drying specially processed carcasses of whole sheep that are smoked in cold smoke and spontaneously fermented. The aim of this research was to investigate physicochemical properties and isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from the product. To this end, 9 samples of dry-cured sheep ham from three households were taken. Isolated LABs were identified as Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei and Enterococcus faecium. CNS were identified as Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus carnosus. LAB and CNS play a key role in defining the quality of the product.Suva ovčija stelja je tradicionalni proizvodi Zapadnog Balkana. Proizvodi se sušenjem specijalno obrađenih trupova celih ovaca koji se kratko dime na hladnom dima i spontano fermentišu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispitataju fizičko-hemijske karakteristike i izoluju Bakterije mlečne kiseline (BMK) i koagulaza negativne stafilokoke (KNS) iz proizvoda. U tom cilju uzeto je 9 uzoraka iz tri domaćinstva. Izolovane BMK su identifikovane kao Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei i Enterococcus faecium. KNS su identifikovane kao Staphylococcus xylosus Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus carnosus. BMK i KNS igraju ključnu ulogu u definisanju kvaliteta proizvoda
Pristupi ispitivanju statičke stabilnosti traktora točkaša
Get PDFThe analysis of the factors that show decisive influence on the tractors stability and the possible overturning, should preventively indicate the possible improvements of the tractor construction, in order to increase the tractor’s and operator’s safety. The purpose of this paper is to check the static angles of the longitudinal and lateral tractor stability, using the different methods that check the tractor stability up to the to the turnover limit. The process is based on the tractor longitudinal and lateral tilting and measurement of the reference values of the wheels heights with respect to the base. The same angles can be obtained by various analytical and numerical methoids methods based on the Theoretical mechanics. This paper suggests on the importance of empirical data, because they are the basis for further stability analysis of the tractors, other selfpropelled agricultural machines.Analiza faktora koji pokazuju odlučujuće uticaje na stabilnost i moguća prevrtanja traktora treba preventivno da ukaže na područja njihove efiksne i sigurne primene, kao i na glavne pravce poboljšanja konstrukcije traktora radi povećanja bezbednosti traktora i rukovaoca. Cilj ovog rada predstavlja provera statičkih uglova podužne i poprečne stabilnosti traktora, primenom različitih pristupa, tako što se isti dovodi do granice prevrtanja. Sam proces se zasniva na podužnom i bočnom podizanju traktora, uz stalno merenje referentnih vrednosti kota oslonih tačaka točkova u odnosu na podlogu. Isti uglovi se mogu proceniti i primenom analitičkih i numeričkih metoda, zasnovanih na principima teorijske mehanike. Rad ukazuje i na značaj empirijskih podataka, jer su oni osnova za sve dalje analize stabilnosti traktora I drugih samohodnih poljoprivrednih mašina
Proučavanje funkcionalnih profila mikrobnih zajednica zagađenih zemljišta
Get PDFIn this review paper are considerate the different ways of soil microorganism’s reaction in a variety of forms of technogenic pollution by methods multi-substrate testing and initiates the microbial community, as well as the modification of variability that is characterized by specific adaptive reactions (homeostasis zone, stress zone, zone of resistance and zone repression) of microbial system lands.U ovom pregednom radu se razmatraju načini sagledavanja reakcije zemljišnih mikroorganizama na različite oblike tehnogenog zagađenja pomoću metoda multisupstratnog testiranja i inicirane mikrobne zajednice, kao i modifikacione promenljivosti koja se odlikuje određenom adaptivnom reakciijom (zona homeostaze, zona stresa, zona rezistencije i zona represije) mikrobnog sistema zemljišta
Karakterizacija kvalitativnih parametara „Visočkog sudžuka“ u cilju zaštite na nacionalnom nivou
Get PDFThe research carried out in this paper confirmed that the sensory analysis of "Visočki sudžuk" high quality.The results of the chemical analyzes showed that the average water content in the samples immediately after drying and smoke was 35,01%, fats 31,70%, protein 26.84%, ash 6.29%, NaCl 5.27%, pH was 5.21 and aw 0,80. The results of the microbiological analysis were in accordance with the applicable regulations.Provedenaistraživanja u ovom radu potvrdila su da jesenzornom analizom „Visočkog sudžuka“ konstatovan vrhunski kvalitet. Rezultati hemijskih analiza su pokazali da je prosječan sadržaj vode u uzorcima odmah nakon sušenja i dimljenja iznosio 35,01%, masti 31,70%, proteina 26,84%, pepela 6,29%, NaCl-a 5,27%, pH je iznosila 5,21 i aw 0,80. Mikrobiološkom analizom su ustanovljeni negativni nalazi na prisustvo Pravilnikom definisanih mikrokultura
Ostaci pesticida u uzorcima povrća iz organske i konvencionalne proizvodnje
Get PDFThe detections of pesticides in organic and conventional productions were compared with the MRLs. Six vegetable samples from organic production, 4 from conventional production and one from the conversion period were analysed. The white potato sample from the organic production contained imidacloprid, propiconazole and piperonyl butoxide residues. Imidacloprid was found to be above the MRL. In the carrot sample from conventional production the azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole were detected in the regulated limits, while the mandipropamid concentration were above the MRL.Poređene su detekcije pesticida sa propisanim MDK organskih i konvencionalnih proizvoda. Analizirano je šest uzoraka povrća iz organske, četiri iz konvencionalne proizvodnje i jedan iz perioda konverzije. Uzorak belog krompira iz organske proizvodnje sadržavao je ostatke imidakloprida, propikonazola i piperonil butoksid. Imidakloprid je bio iznad propisanih MDK. U uzoraku mrkve iz konvencionalne proizvodnje detektovani su azoksistrobin, boskalid, piraklostrobin i difenokonazol u propisanim granicama, dok je koncentracija mandipropamida bila iznad MDK
Fenotipska ispoljenost i varijabilnost životne proizvodnje mleka i mlečne masti
Get PDFAn analysis of the phenotypic exposure and variability of lifetime milk production and milk fat and the content of milk fat of lifetime milk production was performed in 241 cows of Simental race distributed in three breeding areas (Čačak n = 67, Zlatibor n = 123 and Rudno n = 51).
Descriptive statistical analysis found that the average lifetime milk production and milk fat in all three breeding areas was 16081 and 627.2 kg with a variability of about 40%. The average number of lactations during the productive life of cows was 3.73 and ranged from 4.31 in the area of Čačak to 3.45 in the Rudna area. The variability was high and on average it was about 35%, which resulted from a wide variation interval ranging from only 3 to 10 lactation per head. The average content of lifetime productions milk fat was 3.91%. The content of milk fat of lifetime milk production, unlike milk production of milk and milk fat, is more influenced by genetic factors, which is why it is characterized by a very low variability of only 2.30%.Analiza fenotipske ispoljenosti i varijabilnosti životne proizvodnje mleka i mlečne masti i sadržaja mlečne masti životne proizvodnje mleka sprovedena je kod 241 krave simentalske rase raspoređenih na tri odgajivačka područja (Čačak n=67, Zlatibor n=123 i Rudno n=51).
Deskriptivnom statističkom analizom ustanovljeno je da je prosečna životna proizvodnja mleka i mlečne masti na sva tri odgajivačka područja iznosila 16081 i 627,2 kg sa varijabilnošću od oko 40%. Prosečan broj laktacija u toku produktivnog života krava iznosio je 3,73 i kretao se od 4,31 na području Čačka do 3,45 na području Rudna. Varijabilnost je bila visoka i u proseku je iznosila oko 35%, što je posledica širokog intervala varijacije koji se kretao od svega 3 pa do 10 laktacija po grlu. Prosečan sadržaj mlečne masti životne proizvodnje mleka iznosio je 3,91%. Sadržaj mlečne masti životne proizvodnje mleka, za razliku od životne proizvodnje mleka i mlečne masti,više je pod uticajem genetskih faktora zbog čega se odlikuje dosta niskom varijabilnošću od svega 2,30%