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Citogenotoksična procjena efikasnosti biološke obrade otpadnih voda
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to analyze the cytogenotoxic effects of water samples taken from the biological wastewater treatment. Samples were taken from different stages of of wastewater treatment from the town of Odžak, and from the river Bosna and Sava. As a bioindicator, Allium cepa were used. The lowest value of the mitotic index was recorded at the entry into the purification system (1.9), and the largest on the fertilizer that represents the purification product (16.85). The number of chromosomal aberrations in the purification process decreased by 52.7%. The results indicate that biological wastewater treatment reduces its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.Cilj istraživanja je bio analizirati citogenotoksični efekat uzoraka vode uzetih sa postrojenja za biološko prečišćavanje komunalnih otpadnih voda. Uzorci su uzeti iz različitih faza obrade sa prečistača vode grada Odžak, te iz rijeka Bosne i Save. Kao bioindikator korištene su lukovice Allium cepa. Najmanja vrijednost mitotičkog indeksa zabilježena je na ulazu u sistem prečišćavanja (1,9%), a najveća na đubrivu koje predstavlja nus-produkt prečišćavanja (16,85%). Broj hromosomskih aberacija se u procesu prečišćavanja smanjio za 52,7%. Rezultati ukazuju na zaključak da se biološkom obradom otpadne vode smanjuje njen genotoksični i citotoksični efekat
Vegetativni rast, rodnost i kvalitet ploda šljive u zavisnosti od podloge
Get PDFThe paper examines the vegetative growth of the tree, the weight of the fruit and the content of total soluble solids (RSM) in the fruit in three cultivars of plums grafted on four rootstocks: one generative (Myrobalan seedling) and three vegetative (Pixy, St. Julien A and Ferley). The results showed that the greatest vigour of cultivars was caused by the Myrobalan seedling, and the smallest by Pixy. The weight of the fruit and the content of RSM varied depending on the cultivar and rootstock. The highest weight of the fruit at Čačanska lepotica and Čačanska najbolja was conducted on St. Julien А rootstock, while in the case of Čačanska rana, it was on Myrobalan seedling. All of three cultivars had the highest content of RSM in the fruit on Pyxi rootstock.U radu su ispititivani vegetativni rast stabla, masa ploda i sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (RSM) u plodu kod tri sorte šljive kalemljene na četiri podloge: jednoj generativnoj (Džanarika) i tri vegetativne (Pixu, St. Julien A i Ferley). Rezultati su pokazali da je najveću bujnost kod sorti izazvala Džanarika, a najmanju Pihu. Masa ploda i sadržaj RSM je varirao u zavisnosti od sorte i podloge. Najveću masu ploda Čačanska lepotica i Čačanska najbolja imale su na podlozi St. Julien A, dok je kod Čačanske rane to bilo na podlozi Džanarika. Sve tri sorte su najveći sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (RSM) u plodu imale na podlozi Pixy
Prevencija i kontrola kompleksa respiratornog oboljenja goveda (BRDC)
Get PDFBRDC is one of the most expensive health problems in cattle breeding around the world, due to high morbidity and mortality, weight loss, reduced food utilization, reduced quality of carcasses and extensive prophylaxis and therapy. BRDC causes a greater number of pathogens (viruses and bacteria), with predisposing risk factors from the ambient and host. Increasing the production of meat and milk worldwide would be sustainable by improving the prevention and control of BRDC. Management strategies greatly reduce the occurrence of BRDC, and metaphylaxis is useful in high-risk calves when arriving in the feedlot. Control of BRDC requires the application of new technologies to increase resistance, reduce risk factors and exposure to pathogens.BRDC je jedan od najskupljih zdravstvenih problema u govedarstvu širom sveta, usled visokog morbiditeta i smrtnosti, gubitka težine, smanjenog iskorišćenja hrane, smanjenog kvaliteta trupova i obimne profilakse i terapije. BRDC izaziva veći broj patogena (virusa i bakterija), uz predisponirajuće faktore rizika iz ambijenta i domaćina. Povećanje proizvodnje mesa i mleka u celom svetu bilo bi održivo unapređenjem prevencije i kontrole BRDC. Strategije upravljanja značajno smanjuju pojavu BRDC, a metafilaksa je korisna kod „visoko rizične“ teladi na prijemu u tovilišta. Kontrola BRDC zahteva primenu novih tehnologija za povećanje otpornosti, smanjenje faktora rizika i izloženosti patogenima
Kinetika ekstrakcije vanilinske kiseline iz semena bundeve
Get PDFIn this sdudy, the extraction of vanillic acid from pumpkin seeds, using the maceration process, were investigated. The influence of temperature (25-45oC) and time (10-100 min) on the content of vanillic acid in extracts was confirmed. Based on the experimental results of the extraction of kinetics, a modeling of pumpkin seeds-40% ethanol (v/v) extraction system was performed using hyperbolic model. Also, based on the average values of the RMS, SD and R2, it was found that the hyperbolic model show acceptable agreement.U ovom radu proučena je ekstrakcija vanilinske kiseline iz semena bundeve primenom postupka meceracije. Ispitan je uticaj temperature (25-45oC) i vremena (10-100 min) ekstrakcije na sadržaj vanilinske kiseline u ekstraktima. Na osnovu eksperimentalnih rezultata kinetike ekstrakcije izvešeno je modelovanje ekstrakcionog sistema seme bundeve-40% etanol (v/v) primenom hiperbolnog modela. Takođe, na osnovu srednjih vrednosti RMS, SD i R2 modelovanih i eksperimentalnih vrednosti sadržaja vanilinske kiseline, utvrđeno je da hiperbolni model pokazuje prihvatljivo slaganje
Uticaj sorte i načina proređivanja plodova na prinos i krupnoću jabuke (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to use in the conditions of Cacak, using a preparation for fruiting: naphthyl acetic acid amide (NAD), naphthyl ̶ 1 ac acetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and manual thinning, on three varieties of apples: Red Chief , Golden Reinders and Gloster examine their method of yield per tree (kg), yield per unit area (t ha1) and fruit mass (g). The results showed that the differences in terms of all three parameters among the tested varieties were significant and the differences between the applied treatments were also significant. The best results are achieved in variants with manual fruiting, but also with the highest labor costs, and after manual treatment with BA.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se u uslovima Čačka, primenom preparata za proređivanje plodova: amid naftil – sirćetne kiseline (NAD), naftil–1–sirćetna kiselina (NAA), benziladenin (BA) i ručnog proređivanja, na tri sorte jabuke: Red Chief, Golden Reinders i Gloster ispita njihov način delovanja na prinos po stablu (kg), prinos po jedinici površine (t ha1) i na masu ploda (g). Rezultati su pokazali da su razlike u pogledu sva tri parametra između ispitivanih sorti bile značajne a značajne su bile i razlike između primenjenih tretmana. Najbolji rezultati su postignuti u varijanti sa ručnim proređivanjem plodova ali i sa najvećim utroškom radne snage, a nakon ručnogproređivanja najbolji rezultat je postignut tretmanom sa BA
Hidrostatički sistemi prenosa snage poljoprivrednih mašina: zapreminske pumpe
Get PDFThe paper presents and analyzes the hydrostatic transmission of power and motion. The most important elements of this group of systems and the possibilities of their application in agricultural technology are given. Particular attention is paid to the positive-displacement pumps that have the widest application in agricultural machinery: gear pumps with external and internal gears, vane pumps, piston-axial pumps with inclined swash plate and piston-axial pumps with inclined cylinder block. Two hydrostatic power transmission and control systems are also presented. The first is a very simple mechanical- hydraulic system of automatic leveling of self-propelled berry fruits harvester. In contrast, the other hydrostatic system is very sophisticated. It is implemented as a very complex combination of hydrostatic and mechanical power transmission subsystems, with the accompanying control digital electronic system, and is intended for the wheat harvester propulsion and steering.U radu je prikazan i analiziran hidrostatički prenos snage i upravljanja. Navedeni su najvažniji elementi ove grupe sistema i mogućnosti njihove primene u poljoprivrednoj tehnici. Posebno pažnja je posvećena zapreminskim pumpama koje nalaze najširu primenu u poljoprivrednoj mehanizaciji: zupčastim pumpama sa spoljašnjim i unutrašnjim ozubljenjem, krilnim pumpama, klipno-aksijalnim pumpama sa nagnutom kliznom pločom i klipno-aksijalnim pumpama sa nagnutim cilindarskim blokom. Prikazana su dva hidrostatička sistema prenosa snage i upravljanja. Prvi predstavlja veoma jednostavan mehaničko-hidraulički sistem automatske nivelacije samohodnog berača jagodastog voća. Drugi predstavljeni hidrostatički sistem spada u najsavremenije sisteme koji se koriste u poljoprivrednoj mehanizaciji. Izveden je kao veoma složena kombinacija hidrostatičkog i mehaničkog prenosnika snage sa pratećim upravljačkim digitalnim elektronskim sistemom, a namenjen je pogonu žitnog kombajna
Aeroponika, nova tehnologija za proizvodnju mini krtola krompira u Guči
Get PDFIn the laboratory for micropropagation in Potato Research Center in Gucha, in vitro virus-free plants of following potato varieties were produced: Desiree, Kennebec, Agria, Cleopatra and Sinora. Acclimatized and rooted plants were transplanted in previously prepared aeroponik module. During the duration of the experiment, the mini-tubers were successively harvested four times and their mass and number were recorded. The first harvest of mini tubers was out after 40-45 days after transplanting in aeropnik system. The highest average number of mini tubers was of the Desiree variety (15.55), while the lowest number was harvested by varieties Sinora and Cleopatra (10.66 and 10.52). The highest average mass of one mini-tuber per plant was obtained in the Agria variety (8.97 g), followed by the Kennebec variety (7.61 g) and the Kleopatra variety (6.36 g). The smallest mini-tubers were measured in the Desiree and Sinora varieties (5.32 g and 4.83 g). In the aeroponic system, 4.08 times more mini-tubers were obtained compared to the substrate. Aeroponik system offers the potential to improve the production of potato mini tubers.U laboratoriji za mikropropagaciju Centru za krompir u Guči proizvedene su bezvirusne biljke in vitro sorti krompira: Desiree, Kennebec, Agria, Cleopatra i Sinora. Aklimatizovane i ožiljene biljke presađene su u pripremljene aeroponik module. Tokom trajanja ogleda mini krtole su sukcesivno ubirane u četiri termina i merena je njihova masa i broj. Prvo branje mini krtola je obavljeno posle 40-45 dana po presadjivanju u aeropnik sistem. Najveći prosečan broj mini krtola imala je sorta Desiree (15,55), dok su najmanji broj dale sorte Sinora i Cleopatra (10,66 i 10,52). Najveća prosečna masa jedne mini krtole po biljci ustanovljena je kod sorte Agria (8,97 g), zatim kod sorte Kennebec (7,61 g), odnosno sorte Cleopatra (6,36 g). Najsitnije mini krtole izmerene su kod kod sorti Desiree i Sinora (5,32 g i 4,83 g). U aeroponik sistemu dobijen je 4,08 puta veći broj mini krtola u odnosu na supstrat. Aeroponik sistem nudi potencijalnu mogućnost za poboljšanje proizvodnje dobijanja mini krtola krompira
Određivanje sadržaja mikro i makro elemenata u lekovitoj biljci Seseli pallasii Besser
Get PDFMetals, whether from natural and anthropogenic sources, can migrate between different parts of the environment and accumulate in flora and fauna, and in this way can finally reach people through the food chain. The possibility of contamination of plants by metals limits their use both in the pharmaceutical and food industry, because the increased concentration of some metals can have a negative impact on the health of humans and animals. The medicinal herbaceous species Seseli pallasii Besser is used in traditional medicine, but also as a spice in nutrition, so the assessment of the presence of metals is essential to ensure its safe application. For the estimation of the contents of the micro (Al, B, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, Zn) and macroelenates (Ca, K, Mg and Na) in vegetative parts of plant species Seseli pallasii Besser (root, leaf, flower and fruit) from Southeast Serbia the method of induced coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ISP-OES) was applied. The content of micro and macroelements in the studed medicinal plant species is below the recommended limits, which confirms that Seseli pallasii Besser can be safely used in traditional medicine and nutrition.Metali, bilo da su iz prirodnih i antropogenih izvora, mogu da migriraju između različitih delova životne sredine i akumuliraju se u floru i faunu, i na taj način konačno mogu dospeti do ljudi putem lanca ishrane. Mogućnost kontaminacije biljaka metalima ograničava njihovu upotrebu kako u farmaceutskoj tako i u prehrambenoj industriji, jer povećana koncentracija nekih metala može imati negativan uticaj na zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Lekovita biljna vrsta Seseli pallasii Besser koristi se u tradicionalnoj medicini, ali i kao začin u ishrani, pa je procena prisustva metala od suštinske važnosti kako bi se osigurala njena bezbedna primena. Za procenu sadržaja mikro (Al, B, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, Zn) i makroelenenata (Ca, K, Mg i Na) u delovima biljke S. pallasii Besser (koren, list, cvet i plod) iz jugoistočne Srbije korišćena je metoda indukovano spregnute plazme sa optičkom emisionom spektrometrijom (ISP-OES). Sadržaj mikro i makroelemenata u proučavanoj lekovitoj biljnoj vrsti je ispod preporučenih granica, što potvrđuje da se S. pallasii Besser može sigurno koristiti u tradicionalnoj medicini i ishrani
Ocena ekološkog statusa reke Zapadne Morave
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of basic physico-chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water quality of the middle course of the West Morava River during the year 2016. The quality of river water of most of the profiles corresponded to moderate ecological status, or III class of surface waters. The worst quality is registered in the Stancici profile, located downstream from the influx of wastewater from the city collector Cacak and the mouth of the Cemernica river. Extremely large microbiological pollution in some periods of the year is characterized by water of this profile as unusable for watering and other purposes. The results obtained confirm the justification for the construction of the Wastewater Treatment System from the city collector Cacak.U radu su prikazani rezultati analiza osnovnih fizičko-hemijskih i mikrobioloških pokazatelja kvaliteta vode srednjeg toka reke Zapadne Morave obavljenih tokom 2016. godine. Kvalitet vode većine profila je odgovarao umerenom ekološkom statusu, odnosno III klasi površinskih voda. Najlošiji kvalitet je registrovan u profilu Stančići, lociranom nizvodno od upliva otpadnih voda gradskog kolektora Čačka i ušća reke Čemernice. Velika mikrobiološka zagađenja u nekim periodima godine karakterišu vodu ovog profila kao neupotrebljivu za zalivanje i druge namene
Pomološke i proizvodne osobine nekih novijih sorti šljive
Get PDFPlum assortment in Serbia is dominated by old autochthonous cultivars, well-known cultivar ‘Stanley’ and cultivars named and released in Fruit Research Institute, Čačak such as: ‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Čačanska rodna’, ‘Čačanska rana’ and ‘Čačanska najbolja’. In order to fulfill different demands of fresh fruit market and achieve better results in modern plum production, it is necessary, among other things, to introduce new cultivars. Before introduction of new cultivars in orchards, significant evaluation of these cultivars in environmental conditions of region they are being introduced is required. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the most importand pomological and productive traits of six introduced plum cultivars: ‘Hanita’, ‘Jojo’, ‘Jubileum’, ‘Presenta’, ‘Tegera’ and ‘Valor’. The most important phenological (flowering and ripening time), and morphometric traits (fruit and stone weight, fruit dimensions and flash percentage), as well as tree vigour (trunk cross section area) and cropping potential (yield per tree and yield efficiency) were evaluated. Flowering phenofase in all examined cultivars lasted during the second decade of april, whereby flowering abundance was estimated as very good. The largest fruit weight, and fruit dimensions (height, width and thickness) were determined in ‘Valor’, whereas the largest stone weight and tree vigour were determined in ‘Jubileum’. The largest flesh percentage was found in cultivars ‘Jojo’, ‘Tegera’ and ‘Valor’. Cultivars ‘Presenta’ and ‘Jojo’ had largest yield per tree, while ‘Jojo’ had the highest yield efficiency.U sortimentu šljive u Srbiji dominiraju stare, authtone sorte, dobro poznata sorta ‘Stanley’ i sorte stvorene u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, pre svih ‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Čačanska rodna’, ‘Čačanska rana’ i ‘Čačanska najbolja’. Da bi se zadovoljili različiti zahtevi tržišta i postigli što bolji rezultati u savremenoj proizvodnji šljive, neophodno je, između ostalog, introdukovati nove sorte. Pre uvođenja u proizvodnju, ove sorte zahtevaju značajno ispitivanje u ekološkim uslovima regiona u koji se introdukuju. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispitaju najznačajnije pomološke i proizvodne osobine šest introdukovanih sorti šljive: ‘Hanita’, ‘Jojo’, ‘Jubileum’, ‘Presenta’, ‘Tegera’ i ‘Valor’. Ispitivane su najznačajnije fenološke (fenofaza cvetanja i sazrevanja plodova) i morfometrijske osobine (masa i dimenzije ploda, masa koštice i randman mezokarpa ploda), kao i bujnost (površina poprečnog preseka debla) i rodnost (prinos po stablu i koeficijent rodnosti). Fenofaza cvetanja je kod svih ispitivanih sorti trajala tokom druge dekade aprila u obe ispitivane godine, pri čemu je obilnost cvetanja ocenjena kao veoma dobra. Najveća masa, visina, širina i debljina ploda su utvrđeni kod sorte ‘Valor’, dok su najveća masa koštice i bujnost stabla utvrđeni kod sorte ‘Jubileum’. Najveći randman ploda imale su sorte ‘Jojo’, ‘Tegera’ i ‘Valor’. Sorte ‘Presenta’ i ‘Jojo’ su imale najveći prinos po stablu, dok je sorta ‘Jojo’ imala i najveći koeficijent rodnosti