Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
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Visual Aids (Image and Photography) in Textbooks of Serbian as a Foreign and Second Language
No full textЦиљ овог истраживања јесте утврдити како се визуелна средства (слика и фотографија) користе за савладавање и проверу различитих језичких вештина. Анализом је обухваћено осам уџбеника, односно уџбеничких комплета за учење српског језика као страног намењених вишим нивоима. Употребом слике и фотографије у настави језика превасходно се обезбеђује развој четири језичке вештине – слушање (разумевање туђег говора / усмено разумевање), читање (разумевање писаног текста), говор и писање. Полази се од претпоставке да се визуелна средства најчешће користе као подстицај за говор (усмено изражавање), али се често користe и за развој различитих лингвистичких компетенција – за ширење вокабулара, као и за проверу (или увежбавање) знања из граматике. Анализом су обухваћене и вежбе код којих се слике користе за проверу вештине слушања и разумевања, као и такве вежбе у којима се од ученика захтевају стваралачки приступ и критичко мишљење на основу слике – од једноставног описа физичког изгледа, изгледа предела и сл., до комплекснијих описа и изражавања личног става на одређену тему.The aim of this research is to determine how visual materials (images and photographs) are used to master and assess various language skills. The analysis covers eight textbooks, or sets of textbooks for learning Serbian as a foreign language, intended for higher levels. The use of images and photographs in language teaching primarily ensures the development of four language skills – listening (understanding spoken language / oral comprehension), reading (understanding written text), speaking, and writing. It is assumed that visual materials are most commonly used as a stimulus for speaking (oral expression), but they are also frequently used to develop different linguistic competencies – for expanding vocabulary, as well as for testing (or practicing) grammar knowledge. The analysis also includes exercises where images are used to assess listening and comprehension skills, as well as exercises that require a creative approach and critical thinking based on images – from simple descriptions of physical appearance, landscape, etc., to more complex descriptions and expressing personal opinions on a given topic
Comparing the efficiency of moderate and high-intensity SDSS in subjects with spinal cord injury
No full textIntroduction: Spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) has been developed to reduce the stimulation frequency in functional electrical stimulation (FES) and recruit the motor units asynchronously to imitate the human nervous system.1,2 Despite the promising outcomes, SDSS in high intensities may lose its advantages due to the potent electrical fields that neutralize the alternative activation of motor units. This study compares the benefits of SDSS versus single-electrode stimulation (SES) at moderate and high intensities in individuals lacking voluntary control.
Methods: This study involved six male participants with motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI), all experienced with FES training, except P6 (Table 1). Each participant received two randomly ordered sessions of moderate and high-intensity FES with a minimum of 48 h in between. SDSS was assigned randomly to one leg and SES to the other leg, and this order was kept for both sessions. The patient sat on a height-adjustable bed with a knee flexion angle of 90°. Then, a backrest cushion was used to fix the posterior incline at 115°. The shank of the stimulated leg was fastened to a force meter (Chronojump-Boscosystem). Four electrodes (Compex Dura-Stick plus, 5 × 5 cm) were placed over the distal motor points (cathode) of Rectus Femoris (RF) muscle, and a 5 × 14 cm electrode was placed on the proximal motor point (anode) of RFs (Figure 1). MotiMove stimulator3 and an anti-fatigue unit (3F-Fit Fabricando Faber, Serbia) were utilized to apply electrical pulses and distribute the pulses in SDSS manner. To determine the moderate and high-intensity values, a custom LabVIEW program controlled the stimulator to generate trains of electrical pulses in SDSS mode lasting 1 s each (pulse width = 400 μs, frequency = 48 Hz). The amplitude was incremented from 0 mA in 5 mA steps until a force plateau was reached, indicating high intensity (maximum 130 mA). The mean of motor threshold and high intensity was defined as moderate intensity. After 5 min of rest, the SDSS (SES) configuration with the randomly assigned moderate or high-intensity train was applied to the RF muscle of the opted leg continuously until the generated force dropped by 30% of the initial value. This time duration was called Time to Fatigue (TTF), and the area under the generated force curve during TF was calculated as Force-Time Integral (FTI).
Results: Statistical analysis showed a significantly greater increase in TTF (%) for moderate intensity (group mean ± standard deviation, 135.01 ± 71.10%) compared to high intensity (48.17 ± 32.37%), as determined by paired t-test (p < 0.05, effect size = 1.83). Similarly, FTI/TTF increase (%) for moderate intensity (152.40 ± 51.79%) was significantly higher than that for high intensity (35.48 ± 28.53%), also determined by paired t-test (p < 0.05, effect size = 2.35).
Discussion and Conclusion: Although it is known that SDSS outperforms SES in delaying fatigue onset and enhancing muscle force, we showed that its advantage diminishes at high stimulation intensities due to overlapping electrical fields resembling SES. The superior performance of SDSS, even at high intensities, is likely due to greater current density.Abstracts from the conference IFESS 2023: IFESS 2023: International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society 2023 (RehabWeek) Singapore, September 24-28, 202
Early cockrowing in the dead of night. Historical context of the appearance of the Zadar group in 1947
No full textУ раду се анализира догађај из 1947. године, када је неколицина студена-
та Академије ликовних уметности у Београду у потрази за стваралачком слободом отишла
у Задар да током лета слика у природи. Партија је то схватила као политичку диверзију,
па их је казнила. Последице нису биле тешке по студенте, јер је услед разлаза са Комин-
формом у Југославији напуштен концепт државне уметности и почела је да се толерише
и модерна уметност Запада. Партија, међутим, није одустала од контроле културе и њене
политичке употребе. Циљеви овог истраживања су: 1. да на основу односа тих студената
сликарства према друштвено-политичком окружењу у Југославији одреди њихове идео-
лошке и политичке ставове; 2. да на основу односа партијске државе према студентима
сликарства одреди на који се начин она односила према уметности; 3. да, полазећи од прет-
поставке како се идеолошки и политички ставови огледају у језику, на основу терминоло-
гије кориштене у изворима и литератури испита дискурзивну стратегију историографије о
тој теми у политичком окружењу које се мењало.Soviet cultural model, in which the party-state was the sole purchaser of the
arts. Thus, the state treated the artists either as its servants or as its enemies. In
such circumstances, the first to abandon the “norm” of socialist realism were
the youngest artists, who were guided not by ideological but by moral and aesthetic
idealism. The paper analyzes and interprets the event from 1947, when a
group of students left the Academy of Fine Arts in Belgrade in search of creative
freedom and went to Zadar to paint outdoors. The Communist Party recognized
this act as a political diversion of “decadents”, “anarchists” and “bourgeois
formalists”, and punished them. The members of the group did not suffer severe
or long-lasting consequences. Due to the conflict with the Cominform and the
turning of Yugoslavia to the West, the Party itself abandoned socialist realism
as the state art in the period 1950–1952 and began to tolerate modern art forms
arriving from of the West. However, the Party did not give up the control of
art and its political use, which to some extent influenced the further fate of the
Zadar group members.
The goals of this research are: 1. to determine the ideological and political stance
of these art students, based on their attitude towards the social and political
environment in Yugoslavia; 2. to determine the stance of the party state towards
the arts, based on its relation towards the art students; 3. to examine the discursive
strategy of historiography on this topic in the changing political environment
starting from the assumption that ideological and political attitudes are
reflected in language, based on the terminology used in the sources and literature.
The paper is based mainly on narrative sources – interviews and memoirs
– with the use of and critical approach to the literature. The conclusion is that
the political circumstances have left a lasting influence on the interpretation of
the events and phenomena in question, which can be identified in the professional
terminology that is still being used today for the subject in question.Посебна издања / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 717. Одељење уметности ; књ. 1
The Chronology of Paleotypes from the First Publishing Cycle of Božidar Vuković
No full textУ раду се анализира хронологија издавачке делатности Божидара Вуковића у Венецији, са посебним освртом на несагласности у датовању његових књига услед неподударности хронолошких одредница у колофонима. Након историографског прегледа ове теме, разматра се да ли су године од постања (битија) наведене према цариградском или мартовском стилу, као и који је систем коришћен за одређивање година према Христовом рођењу – конзуларни (1. јануара), more veneto (1. марта) или благовештенски (25. марта). Детаљним разматрањем осталих хронолошких елемената (епакта, златни број, круг Сунца, круг Месеца, индикт), њихових међусобних односа, као и типографском и графичком анализом Вуковићевих палеотипа закључено је да су његове књиге највероватније објављене између 1520. и 1521. године.The chronology of the paleotypes from the first publishing cycle of Božidar Vuković (Dionisio della Vecchia) – a prominent merchant, one of the leaders of the Greek confraternity in Venice (Scuola dei Greci), an intelligence operative, and a wouldbe Serbian despot – is a complex matter due to inconsistencies in the chronological elements in the colophons of his books. A particularly baffling matter is the differences in calculating years by the Era of the World calendar or the Christian calendar, starting from Christ’s birth. The paper looks into the use of various styles for marking years of the Era of the World, primarily the Creation Era of Constantinople and the Ides of March era, as well as the variants of reckoning time starting from Christ’s birth. It examines the consular (where a new year begins on 1st January), more veneto (1st March), and the Annunciation (25th March) styles, which were used in various parts of the Christian world. In addition to basic chronological markings, the paper explores secondary chronological elements – epacts, golden numbers, solar cycles, lunar cycles, and indictions, as well as their relationships, which played a prominent role in dating these books. Besides exploring various chronological systems, the paper analyses the typographic and graphic distinctive characteristics of Vuković’s paleotypes, including the chosen script, ornamentation, and printing technique, all of which provide additional indications on the time and context of the creation of his publications. Following a comprehensive analysis, the paper argues that Vuković’s first editions were likely published in 1520–1521. The preparation and production of the letters (type set) and other typographic elements seem to have begun in the autumn of 1519, with the printing of the first part of the Psalter completed on 7th April 1520.
Three months later, he published the Hieratikon (7th July 1520) before moving on to the second part of the Psalter (Posledovanje/Appendices), which was completed on 12th October 1520. By 6th March 1521, Vuković published the Prayer Book, completing his first publishing cycle
Calcined mullite powder produced from waste clay-diatomite
Get PDFMullite powders have been fabricated using diatomite powder as Si and Al-nitrate as Al precursors, without using any additives. Samples were calcined at three temperatures (1300, 1400 and 1500 ºC) for a period of 1, 2 and 4 h. The obtained powders were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) PSA (Particle Size Analysis), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) and EDXS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Content of the crystalline phases with calcination temperature and dwell time was computed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), using POWDER CELL software. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirmed that the rod shape morphology of mullite particles, with the diameters around 500 nm, and lengths, 5 μm embedded in an amorphous matrix. XRPD of the sintered samples at 1300 ºC showed formation of thermally stabile phases (mullite, cristobalite and corundum) that makes the analyzed diatomaceous earth suitable for production of various types of construction and thermal insulating ceramic materials
Impact of TiB2 source on the microstructure and properties of TiB2–SiC–B4C ceramics
No full textTo date, the thermal and electrical properties of three-phase ceramics containing a boride phase, silicon carbide, and boron carbide have not been studied in detail. Further, the effect of the source of the boride powder has also not been investigated. This study produced three-phase ceramics containing titanium diboride, silicon carbide, and boron carbide using three different TiB2 sources: commercial powder, TiB2 synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction, or (Ti,Cr)B2 synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction to address the effect of the TiB2 source. Ceramics containing synthesized TiB2 or (Ti,Cr)B2 reached >99% relative density, while the ceramic produced from commercial powder reached ∼93% relative density. The addition of Cr reduced both the thermal and electrical conductivities, but had little effect on the Vickers hardness. The (Ti,Cr)B2–SiC–B4C ceramic had a thermal conductivity of ∼33 W/m K, an electrical conductivity of ∼105 S/m, and a hardness of ∼61 GPa at 0.49 N. The highest hardness of ∼66 GPa at a load of 0.49 N was for the TiB2–SiC–B4C ceramic made with synthesized TiB2 powder
Derivational Nest of Lexeme Oganj: Semantic-derivational Analysis
Get PDFПредмет рада биће анализа деривационог гнезда лексеме огањ. Најпре ћемо представити семантичку структуру ове лексеме, а затим ћемо са синхронијског становишта, према начину творбе, грађу поделити на изведене и сложене речи, те лексеме даље сврставати у класе према семантичком критеријуму, и то на основу примарног значења. Циљ рада јесте да се спроведе творбено-семантичка анализа лексеме огањ и истражи њена семантичка и творбена продуктивност, затим да се упореди активност сема приликом настајања нових значења и приликом творбе, те на тај начин представи слика о семантичко-деривационом потенцијалу ове лексеме, као и да се истражи које семе представљају индукторе за настајање нових значења, а које за извођење деривата.The paper analyses the structure of the polysemantic noun oganj ( fire) and it provides a detailed overview of the semantic-derivational nest of the lexeme and interdependence between the semantic-derivational potential and the semantic content of the motivating word oganj. The analysis includes over 80 lexemes. The research also reveals what kind of semantic
components are the most frequent ones as inductors of derivation – warmth, glow, intensity, and colour – which helps us establish its derivational meaning as well as shed light on relations within the words in the nest and on the semantic potential of the motivating word. The derivational structure of the lexemes given reveals that those are primarily suffixed items, as well as compound-suffixed derivatives. The derivatives are mainly nouns and adjectives, and verbs are somewhat less common. According to their lexical meaning, derivatives belong to the domain of plants, space, diseases etc
The Municipality of Golubac – Natural and Anthropogenic Characteristics of Tourist Development
Get PDFПосебна издања, књ. 10
О епиграфским налазима из Тимакум Мајуса (Нишевац)
Get PDFВише од десет година заредом, археолози Балканолошког института Српске академије наука и уметности, у сарадњи са институтом Озониус (Institut Ausonius) из Бордоа, обављали су археолошка истраживања римског и византијског насеља које се налази на подручју села
Нишевац код Сврљига, у долини Сврљишког Тимока. Била је то прва станица на римском итинерарском путу између Наиса (Ниш) и Трајанове колоније Рацијарије на Дунаву (Арчар у
северозападној Бугарској). Поред значајних архитектонских остатака и разних археолошких налаза, са овог простора познати су и поједини натписи, на латинском и грчком језику.
Ова билингвалност текстова указује на саму локацију Тимакум Мајуса, који се налазио на значајној комуникацијској линији, али и на језичкој и административној баријери. Иако
се хронолошки разликују, епиграфски налази о којима извештавам постављају шира научна питања у вези са значајем овог древног насеља и његовог становништва
The Law on the Prohibition of Wearing the Veil and its Implementation in the Gorani Community in the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFIn this paper, the application of the law banning the wearing of the veil as
an attempt to atheize a part of the Muslim population in the territory of the
Republic of Serbia in the mid-20th century. The Law on the Prohibition of
Wearing the Veil (Zar and Feredža) came into force in Serbia in 1951. Its implementation
involved discontinuing the use of clothing items that covered
women's heads and bodies. This law had far-reaching effects on the clothing
practises of Muslim women. The Gorani community represents one of the
Muslim (minority) communities in the Republic of Serbia, with its native territory
located in the region of Gora. Gora is the name of a mountainous area
that stretches between the peaks of the Šar Mountain, Koritnik and Korab
administratively includes the town of Dragaš and 18 rural settlements. According
to the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, the Gora region belongs
to the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.
The implementation of the Law on the prohibition of wearing the veil
can be seen as an extremely radical move by the communist authorities in
the mid-20th century. It promoted two ideals of the socialist political system
– the emancipation of women and the realisation of gender equality. The
interpretation of the law and its implementation can vary depending on the
context of observation. According to studies by anthropologists, sociologists,
and religiologists, the application of this law represented a significant turning
point in the lives of many women, especially Muslim women. According
to Gorani recollections, the ban on veiling led to very traumatic experiences
for Gorani women. The law primarily disrupted the continuity of the centuries-
old tradition of wearing clothing items (headscarf and terlik) that
expressed the marital status of women within the Gorani community.
The paper assumes that the ban on women's veiling is not only a form
of restriction of religious freedoms but also a strategy to promote secular
political ideologies. The Law on prohibiting the wearing of the veil is analyzed not only as a ban on the application of traditional religious rules but
also in the context of the state-imposed processes of atheization in the local
community (the Gora region) in the second half of the 20th century