Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
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Influence of thermal treatment on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of 2ZnO/1RuO2 composites as photoanode for water splitting
No full textIn this study, ZnO as a semiconductor and RuO2 as a metal-like conductor were combined in a composite and tested as a photoanode for water splitting, i.e. green hydrogen and oxygen production. ZnO/RuO2 composite in the mass ratio of 2:1 was prepared using microwave processing of a precipitate. To investigate the influence of oxygen vacancies as defects in the crystal structure on (photo)electrocatalytic efficiency for hydrogen and oxygen production, the composite was annealed at 300 and 600°C. The phase composition, morphology, and optical properties of as-prepared and annealed composites were analyzed in detail. The (photo)electrocatalytic activity of composites for HER and OER was examined in NaOH and H2SO4 using linear sweep voltammetry. The (photo)electrocatalytic properties of the ZnO/RuO2 composites were correlated with their physicochemical characteristics with emphasize on oxygen vacancies
PLGA-Based Co-Delivery Nanoformulations: Overview, Strategies, and Recent Advances
No full textPoly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a widely used copolymer with applications across medical, pharmaceutical, and other industrial fields. Its biodegradability and biocompatibility make it one of the most versatile polymers for nanoscale drug delivery. The present review addresses current knowledge and recent advances in PLGA-based co-delivery nanoformulations with a special reference to design strategies, functional mechanisms, and translational potential. Conventional and advanced fabrication methods, the structural design of PLGA-based nanocarriers, approaches to scale-up and reproducibility, classification of co-delivery types, mechanisms governing drug release, surface modification and functionalization are all discussed. Special attention is given to PLGA-based co-delivery systems, encompassing drug–drug, drug–gene, gene–gene and multi-modal combinations, supported by recent studies demonstrating synergistic therapeutic outcomes. The review also examines clinical translation efforts and the regulatory landscape for PLGA-based nanocarriers. Unlike most existing reviews that typically focus either on PLGA fundamentals or on co-delivery approaches in isolation, this article bridges these domains by providing an integrated, comparative analysis of PLGA-based co-delivery systems and elucidating a critical gap in linking design strategies with translational requirements. In addition, by emphasising the relevance of PLGA-based co-delivery for combination therapies, particularly in cancer and other complex diseases, the review highlights the strong clinical and translational potential of these platforms. Key challenges, such as reproducibility, large-scale manufacturing, and complex regulatory pathways, are discussed alongside emerging trends and future perspectives. Taken together, this review positions PLGA-based co-delivery strategies as a critical driver for advancing precision therapeutics and shaping the future landscape of nanomedicine
Photon up-conversion for efficient photocatalysis
No full textThe work presents the photocatalytic efficiency of the novel hybrid core-shell structures for pollutant degradation. In this structure up-converting NaYF4:Yb,Tm core converts near-infrared (NIR) to visible (Vis) light via multiphoton up-conversion processes, while anatase TiO2-Acetylacetonate absorbs the Vis light. Thanks to it, an additional light-harvesting feature was achieved which depends on the NIR-to-Vis conversion capability of core and VIS absorption spectral matching of the shell. Taking into account that up-conversion efficiency of NaYF4:Yb,Tm phase is subjected to its crystal structure, comparative experiments of tetracycline photocatalytical degradation were performed under irradiation of reduced power Vis and NIR spectra using core shell nanostructures with core composed from cubic (α) or hexagonal (β) NaYF4:Yb,Tm phase. In both cases, TiO2-Acetylacetonate charge transfer complex, capable of absorbing Vis light through direct injection of excited electrons from the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital of Acac into the TiO2 conduction band, was deposited as a shell. A comprehensive structural and morphological analysis (HAADF/STEM/EDS/SEAD, XRPD, TG, UV-Vis, FTIR, PL) of synthesized core-shell structures was carried out. We showed that during photocatalysis radiation-reabsorption and Förster resonance energy transfer processes are both active in core-shell structures thanks to the fact that 1D2→3F4 and 1G4→3H6 emission of Tm3+ matches well with the absorption edge of TiO2-Acetylacetonate. As a result, an increased number of reactive oxygen species (mainly ∙O−2) are generated in TiO2-Acac shells, doubling the efficiency of tetracycline degradation. Beside it, due to the difference in morphology and size of α- and β- NaYF4:Yb,Tm particles, formation of tetracycline intermediates in dark was detected when β- NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2-Acac core shell structure is used as catalyst, due to the conformational transformation in tetracycline and its complexation with trivalent metal ions
Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensor Aimed at Detection of Doxorubicin
No full textModern electrochemical sensor design involves ongoing modifications and enhancements in surface kinetics, leading to devices with improved analytical performance, reliable outcomes, and enhanced applications. Extensive research has been devoted to screen-printed electrode (SPE) based sensors as electrochemical sensors for drug determination with high sensitivity, particularly suitable for surface modification. The combination of carbon nanomaterials, noble metals, and polymers has led to promising improvements in the electroanalytical performance of sensors. These materials possess unique chemical and physical properties contributing to exceptional electrode reactivity. Our research focuses on modifying screen-printed electrodes using a synthesized electroconductive polymer-based nanocomposite ink to enhance the sensitivity of detecting low concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) in a simulated biological matrix. Commercial carbon screen-printed electrodes were used as a substrate for modification. The ink was synthesized using a composite material based on reduced graphene oxide and 0.5 wt.% Au nanoparticles (rGO + 0.5 wt.% Au NPs), synthesized using a two-step method involving the reduction of graphene oxide and the decoration of the reduced graphene flakes with gold nanoparticles. All electrochemical measurements were performed using cyclic voltammetry in 25 mL 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0) by adding DOX (2 mg/mL) in portions ranging from 10 to 150 μL. The modified electrode exhibited a superior electrochemical response to DOX, lower detection limit, and higher sensitivity and electrical conductivity than the commercial one
Doprinos izdavačke kuće Edison Bell Penkala promociji crkvene muzike: Rasadnik srpskog pravoslavnog crkvenog pojanja
No full textMeđu mnogobrojnim i raznovrsnim muzičkim žanrovima u katalogu izdavačke kuće Edison Bell Penkala (EBP) uočljiv je srazmerno mali broj snimaka crkvene muzike. Reč je o primerima istočne i zapadne hrišćanske tradicije, svojevrsnom kolažu numera pretežno iz repertoara horske muzike. Analiza hrvatskih božićnih pesama pokazala je, pritom, da relativno mali broj pesama reprezentuje najpopularniji deo prazničnog repertoara, te je i konstatovana ograničavajuća uloga Edison Bell Penkale u standardizovanju repertoara na ovom polju (Ceribašić 2021: 340). S druge strane, značajnu pažnju i podršku kuća Edison Bell Penkala, kao proizvođač gramofonskih ploča, dala je projektu pripreme i objavljivanja kompleksnog izdanja sa snimcima bogatog korpusa primera liturgijskog pojanja Srpske pravoslavne crkve, na pločama na 78 obrtaja, pod nazivom Rasadnik srpskog pravoslavnog crkvenog pojanja. Saradnjom na pripremi ovog izdanja, ta kuća dala je istorijski važan doprinos ostvarenju višestruko značajnog projekta, sa glavnim ciljem očuvanja jedinstvene muzičke tradicije
Structural changes in pyrophyllite induced by mechanochemical modification and zinc oxide doping
No full textThis study investigates the structural modifications of natural pyrophyllite that occur following mechanochemical treatment and subsequent doping with zinc oxide. Pyrophyllite ore with an initial particle size of approximately 180 μm was mechanically milled using a SPEX Mixer mill at 30 Hz for 15 minutes. Mechanochemically activated samples were then doped with 2 wt% ZnO and subjected to the same milling conditions. The structural and morphological transformations of the samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM- EDS), and particle size analysis by laser diffraction. XRD analysis revealed a decrease in reflection intensity, accompanied by broadening of the reflections, indicating a disorder in the crystal structure of the modified pyrophyllite sample. The introduction of zinc oxide led to a further decrease in peak intensities. SEM analysis revealed the formation of aggregates in the mechanically milled sample. The decrease in particle size was observed for doped samples. Particle size analysis confirmed a reduction in median particle size from 172 μm to 3.997 μm after milling, with a slight increase to 4.980 μm following ZnO doping. Specific surface area increased significantly with mechanochemical activation, from 0.04 m²/g to 2.25 m²/g, and slightly decreased to 2.06 m²/g after doping. These results confirm the effectiveness of mechanochemical treatment and ZnO doping in modifying the structural and surface characteristics of pyrophyllite, implying potential for enhanced sorption capacity, which is necessary for removing pollutants from wastewater.IOC2025 : 56th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy; October 22-25, 2025, Bor Lake, Serbia
Етноними на централном Балкану у византијским историјским наративима (крај 10–средина 13.века)
No full textThis paper focuses on the terminology employed by the Byzantine historians of the late 10th–mid-13th century to denote the Balkans and, respectively, its inhabitants. As the two are closely interconnected and one derives from the other, both issues are comprehensively addressed. Even though the Byzantine historians used ancient terms to refer to the “new peoples” (i.e., Bulgarians, Serbs, Rus, Pechenegs…) who settled either permanently or temporarily in the Balkans, they seem to exhibit a discernible tendency toward greater specificity in identifying and designating the so-called “barbarian peoples.”This paper is a result of the research conducted within the project “From Barbarians to Christians and Rhomaioi. The Process of Byzantinization in the Central Balkans (late 10th–mid-13th century)”, BarByz_10‒13, No. 7748349, which was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, within the Program IDEAS. Some of its results were presented in the communication “Dalmatai in den byzantinischen Quellen” at the International conference “Byzanz und das Abendland IX” held in Budapest in 2023, as well as in the lecture “Ethnonyms in the Central Balkans in Byzantine narrative sources (late 10th–mid-13th century)”, held in the Hungarian Society for Byzantine Studies in Budapest, in 2025
The Crowning and Investiture with Arms and Armour of Saint Demetrius: an Artistic Approach in the Monumental Art of Medieval Serbia
No full textThe traditional formula of placing the patron saint above the West entrance of churches, normally limited to individual images and sometimes equestrian figures, was developed at Markov Manastir into a remarkable composition. The fresco glorifies Saint Demetrius with a multilayered pictorial language combining traditional and innovative elements. Such an arrangement reveals the involvement of highly skilled painters, capable of meeting the demands of the royal patrons and the learned monastic milieu at Markov Manastir. However, the image displaying Saint Demetrius in the parade format, being crowned with a martyr’s wreath and invested with weapons and armor by angels under the blessing of Christ Emmanuel, is also important for what it can tell us about soldiers and military equipment as seen by artists of medieval Serbia in the last decades of the fourteenth century. The military costume of Saint Demetrius shows that the artists looked to the contemporary fashion of Oriental origin, while the depicted repertoire of weapons and military and horse-riding equipment reflects their knowledge of the traditional Byzantine iconography of military saints. They also included depictions of military equipment of both Western and Oriental origin, based on the military realia of the medieval Serbian army
A Long-Lasting Asymmetry between Ethnicity and Mother Tongue: The Vlachs of Eastern Serbia
No full textThe Vlachs of Eastern Serbia are a bilingual population who, apart from Serbian, the state language, speak a dialectal variety derived from modern Romanian and heavily influenced by Serbian. Ever since the censuses started registering both ethnicity and the mother tongue of the population, there has been a discrepancy between the two among the Vlachs, meaning the number of people declaring Vlach as their mother tongue was sometimes strikingly higher than that of people declaring Vlach as their ethnicity. This asymmetry, which was not present with any other minority in Serbia, has been explained by ethnic mimicry, the simultaneous identities at play in this bilingual community, the low prestige of this ethnicity, both with the ingroup and with the outgroup, as well as by the advanced stage of assimilation into the surrounding majority population. This chapter aims to shed light both on this asymmetry and on the constantly dwindling number of persons who declare Vlach as their mother tongue based on in-depth sociolinguistic research from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. To this end, drawing on the results of the VLingS project, which included 160 respondents of Vlach origin, the analysis follows two main directions of inquiry. On the one hand, I look into how Vlachs define the concept of the mother tongue, and on the other, I analyse their answers to several questions from the sociolinguistic questionnaire created and used during the project, intended to assess the attitudes of the respondents towards their mother tongue. The chapter offers a detailed analysis of the changes in census nomenclature during the last one and a half centuries and the subsequent changes in the numbers of inhabitants of Eastern Serbia declaring Romanian or Vlach as their mother tongue, against the historical and political background. Also, it shows that one of the reasons for the gradual decrease in the number of persons declaring Vlach as their mother tongue is equating the mother tongue with the language of the state and education
Temperature Response, Time Delay, and Hysteresis Loop of Heat Loss Flowmeter Thermistors
No full textA heat loss flowmeter for water was made of two negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thick film thermistors Th1 and Th2 and placed in a metal housing. The first thermistor Th1 is cold and measures input water temperature Tw , and the second thermistor Th2 is self-heated at a constant voltage and measures water flow rate Q. At first temperature responses T(Q), heat loss and time delay td were measured and analyzed; then a temperature hysteresis loops of self-heating thermistor at switching waterflow regime was measured. The electrical responses I(Q) were measured using the flowmeter and digital acquisition card (DAC). An independent ultrasonic flowmeter was used in series with a novel heat loss flowmeter. The current values of temperature T(Q, t) of the water flow Q(t) were obtained using Steinhart-Hart equation for thermistors. Input water temperature Tw was used as a parameter (in the range of 5 °C–25 °C). The maximum thermistor power dissipation was less than 1 W. The inaccuracy of the water flow rate measurement was estimated to be less than 3%. The measuring flowmeter range of 0.003–0.3 L/s (1/2 in pipe) is suitable for measuring water consumption in households.Aleksić, Stanko O., Mitrović, Nebojsa S., Luković, Miloljub D., Obradović, Nina, Pavlović, Marko D., "Temperature Response, Time Delay, and Hysteresis Loop of Heat Loss Flowmeter Thermistors" in IEEE Sensors Journal, 25, no. 8 (2025):12695-12702, [https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3547238