Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
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The position of Albanians in Serbia and Yugoslavia in the context of position of national minorities in the neighbouring countries (1945–1969)
No full textЦиљ истраживања је да положај Албанаца у Србији и Југославији стави у контекст односа суседних држава Европе према националним мањинама. У раду је извршена компарација положаја Албанаца на Косову и Метохији са положајем мађарске заједнице у Румунији, положајем немачког становништва у Италији и положајем турске мањинске заједнице у Бугарској. Истраживање показује да је политика југословенског комунистичког режима према Албанцима у Србији у бројним сегментима била супротна од политике које су примењивали режими суседних држава према националним мањинама у тим земљама. Јасна одступања између Југославије, са једне, и осталих земаља, са друге стране, уочена су у питањима формирања територијалне аутономијe и давања колективних политичких права и у питању колонизације већинског становништва на простор настањен припадницима националних мањинаThe first big difference between the policy of Broz’s regime in Yugoslavia toward the Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija and the policy of the regimes in Italy, Romania and Bulgaria
toward the most numerous national minorities in these countries was demonstrated regarding territorial autonomy. During the war, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia determined the
contours of the future Albanian territorial autonomy in Serbia, which, after the war, was
confirmed by the formation of the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija, in which
Albanians made more than two thirds of the population. In 1946, Italy, as the defeated side
in the Second World War, signed the international agreement by which it was bound to establish the territorial autonomy of the German-Austrian population in South Tyrol. However, the Italian authorities refused, for more than 45 years, to implement the assumed obligations regarding the formation of territorial autonomy, recognising it as a threat to the
territorial integrity of the country. In 1952, the Romanian authorities, under the external
pressure coming from the Soviet Union, formed the Hungarian Autonomous Region in Transylvania, but several years later they took steps to abolish it, which was finally done in 1968.
The Bulgarian authorities did not even consider the territorial autonomy for the Turkish
national minority in that country, but, from the beginning, they took aggressive measures for
the purpose of its fast assimilation. The second big difference related to the issue of colonisation: unlike the Italian and Romanian authorities that brought Italians and Romanians to
settle in the regions where national minorities lived, the communist authorities in Yugoslavia
after the war moved the South Slavic population out of Kosovo and Metohija. Nevertheless,
what was common to the Yugoslav, Bulgarian and Romanian communist authorities was the
use of socialist phrases and ideological slogans as a cover for the realisation of nationalist
goals of the regime and justification for double standards in national politics
Orthographic norm in media practice: a case study of texts from the N1 portal
No full textУ раду се анализирају огрешења о правописну норму у новинским текстовима објављиваним током 2024. године на интернет-порталу новинске куће N1. Циљ је провера усклађености правописних решења датих у Правопису српскога језика и медијске праксе на примеру новинских текстова N1 портала. Анализом се показује да постоје доследна огрешења, на која би посебно требало обратити пажњу и покушати отклонити их. Уочено је да се најчешће јављају грешке у области интерпункције, и то приликом писања запете у зависносложеним реченицама са релативном клаузом, писања наводника, неразликовања црте и цртице; у области транскрипције, при чему је произвољно примењивање прилагођеног и изворног писања чак на нивоу једног текста. Иако се јављају и примери добре праксе, врло су честе ортографске омашке. Потврђује се претпоставка да ће правописни пропусти бити неизоставна појава услед хиперпродукције садржаја, брзине преношења вести и изостанка лектуре и коректуре.The paper analyzes deviations from orthographic norms in newspaper texts published during 2024 on the online portal of the news agency N1. The aim is to verify the compliance of orthographic solutions provided in the Serbian Language Orthography with media practices, using examples from N1 news articles. The analysis shows that there are consistent errors that should be particularly addressed and eliminated. It has been observed that errors most commonly occur in punctuation, specifically regarding the use of commas in dependent relative clauses, the use of quotation marks, and the confusion between hyphens and dashes. In the area of transcription, there is arbitrary application of adapted and original writing, even within a single text. Although some examples of good practice exist, orthographic mistakes are very frequent. The assumption is confirmed that orthographic errors will inevitably occur due to the hyperproduction of content, the speed of news transmission, and the absence of proofreading and editing
VLINGS QUESTIONNAIRE 1.0
No full textThe chapter describes the process of creating the sociolinguistic VLingS Questionnaire 1.0, aimed at assessing the levels of language endangerment or vulnerability of several minority linguistic varieties spoken in Serbia (Aromanian, Banat Bulgarian, Bayash Romanian, Ladino, Megleno-Romanian, Romani, Vlach, Vojvodina Rusyn). We outline the rationale behind developing this sociolinguistic instrument, as well as the criteria for selecting the linguistic varieties to which the questionnaire was applied during fieldwork. The chapter elaborates on the pilot and main versions of the questionnaire and provides details about the fieldwork. It includes the English translation of the questionnaire originally created and administered in Serbian and explains the adjustments made. We also present the research conducted thus far using the data from the questionnaire, as well as its possible applications to assess the levels of language endangerment of various languages spoken worldwide.Поглавље описује процес стварања социолингвистичког упитника VLingS Questionnaire 1.0, који има за циљ процену нивоа угрожености или рањивости неколико мањинских језичких варијетета који се говоре у Србији (цинцарски, банатски бугарски, бањашки румунски, ладино, меглено-румунски, ромски, влашки, русински). У поглављу се наводе разлози за креирање овог социолингвистичког инструмента, као и критеријуми за избор језичких варијетета на које је упитник примењен током теренских истраживања. Описују се пилот и главна верзија упитника и наводе детаљи о теренском истраживању. Поглавље садржи енглески превод упитника који је првобитно креиран и спроведен на српском језику, као и опис адаптације. Такође се представљају истраживања заснована на подацима прикупљеним применом упитника, као и могуће будуће примене упитника у процени нивоа угрожености језика широм света
Combined Effects of Dual-Scale Modified Surface with Micro- and Nanostructures on the Cellular Biocompatibility, Osteoinduction, and Antibacterial Properties of Titanium Implants
No full textTitanium implants are widely used in biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, implant-associated bacterial infections and suboptimal osseointegration remain significant challenges. Recent studies have demonstrated that the interplay between micro- and nanostructures can enhance both biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. This study explores the synergistic effects of hierarchical and dual surface topography on Ti surfaces with micro- and nanostructures to demonstrate their ability to promote cellular biocompatibility and osteoinduction while simultaneously inhibiting bacterial colonization. The combination of selective laser melting (SLM) to create micro-structured surfaces and hydrothermal processes is used to generate distinctive nanopillar structures. By integrating nanoscale features that mimic the extracellular matrix with microscale topographies that influence cellular responses, we achieve a balance between enhanced osseointegration and antimicrobial performance. The physicochemical properties of these dual-scale topographies are characterized through cellular assays using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), demonstrating sustained support for long-term cell viability (above 78% in MTT and NR assays (p < 0.05), low levels of LDH release, and high levels of cellular migration) and osteoinduction (statistically significant (p < 0.0001) ALP activity increase and higher levels of calcified matrix deposition, upregulation of ALP and OCN genes compared with smooth surface topographies). Their antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Our findings highlight the potential of multi-scale surface modifications as a promising strategy for next-generation titanium implants, paving the way for improved clinical outcomes in orthopedic and dental applications
”Паразитски Цигани” наспрам ромских музичара који се узајамно помажу: историјске чињенице и превазилажење стереотипа
No full textIn the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and during the Horthy era in the 1930s, the “wandering Gypsies” and later the inhabitants of Gypsy settlements were often labelled “parasites” by the journalists, officials, and the gendarmes. For decades, Gypsy musicians were treated differently, enjoying a certain privileged role in relation to the rest of the Gypsy community. However, by the 1930s, Gypsy musicians too often found themselves categorized as “parasitic Gypsies.” In other words, being a Gypsy musician and having a profession was not in itself a guarantee of social esteem, despite self-help associations being set up and pension, funeral, sickness, and emergency
benefits being planned; these factors and much more have been highlighted by the Roma Interbellum international research. The present article focuses on the activities of the aforementioned organizations and examines their limited impact on the improvement of the social status of Romani musicians in Hungary
Музика и емоције: теренско истраживање међу трансилванијским Ромима и неколико међукултурних поређења
No full textIn the first part of this article, I analyze the emotional life of a Roma community of Transylvania by describing several performances in which participants cry along with music. This analysis results in a model showing how the relations between musical actions and emotional behaviors change
according to the performance context. In the second part, I propose some theoretical questions on musical emotion by comparing my field data with those coming from other parts of the world. These revolve around notions such as “living quality of the music,” “personal tunes,” “sonic agents,” and
“musical empathy.
Religious Minorities as important Agents of Cultural Transfer during the Interwar Period: the Case of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
No full textThe following chapter has two main objectives: first, to offer a systematic overview of existing literature and secondary sources on the role of religious minorities in facilitating cultural transfer within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the interwar period; and second, to enrich current knowledge with new insights derived from previously unexplored documents and first-hand historical sources. The chapter aims to provide a thorough and comprehensive reassessment of the topic while introducing fresh research findings. It employs cultural transfer theory and the associated cultural transfer methodological framework, which includes various research methods used in historiography, ethnography and related fields, such as archival research, document and discourse analysis, comparative analysis and process tracing. The concluding remarks highlight that, prior to the advent of electronic mass media, religious minorities were crucial in introducing and disseminating foreign ideas domestically through their interactions and material exchanges with others of their faith. In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, such activities were frequently met with suspicion and illiberal responses from official state authorities, with the nature of these reactions varying across time and depending on the political context
’We Never Intended This’: Austro-Hungarian Diplomacy and the Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1875-1878)
No full textТhe approach of Gyula Andrássy, particularly during the period (1875–1878) regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina, aligned with the views he expressed during the often-highlighted conference chaired by the Emperor Franz Joseph on 29 January 1875. Consistent with his broader perspective on resolving the future of the Balkans, Andrássy, largely maintained control over the basic directions of foreign policy throughout the Great Eastern Crisis (1875–1878), His actions were supported by Emperor Franz Joseph, with one notable exception: the Habsburg monarch prevented Andrássy from leading the country toward mobilization and a potential war with Russia following the Russian-Ottoman Peace agreement of San Stefano. The perception of Andrássy’s policy as contradictory and confusing to both his contemporaries and later researchers stems from the intersection of two fundamental developments he faced. On one hand, there were the dynamics of mutual relations within the concert of European Great Powers and Austria-Hungary’s role within it. On the other hand, when viewed from the perspective of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the issue of Austria-Hungary’s territorial expansion—specifically the occupation or annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina—presented the first real challenge for the reorganized Dual Monarchy. This was particularly significant in terms of decision-making on the incorporation of new territories
Говоры юго-западной Сербии и диалектная среда: употребление конструкции за + родительный в значении цели и предназначения
No full textУ раду се на основу употребе падежне конструкције за + генитив са значењем намене (примери типа оре за шенице) у говорима на простору југозападне Србије покушава утврдити узајамност зетско-сјеничког са херцеговачко-крајишким дијалектом и на синтаксичком нивоу. Будући да је ова црта давно уврштена у репертоар дијалекатских синтаксичких разлика (М. Ивић 1963), очекује се да ће дијалектолошки извори са простора југозападне Србије понудити довољно података о овој појави, иначе потврђеној у дијалекатском окружењу, првенствено ближем и даљем херцеговачко-крајишком суседству. Тиме би се указало на домашаје ове синтаксичке појаве у овом делу српског говорног подручја.На основе употребления падежной конструкции за + родительный в значении предназначения (примеры типа оре за шенице) в говорах ареала юго-западной Сербии в статье совершается попытка установить взаимность зетско-сьеницского и герцеговинско-краишского диалектов на синтаксическом уровне. Проведенный анализ употребления конструкции за + родительный в значении цели и предназначения в ареале юго-западной Сербии и к нему примыкающих областях, показывает, что данная синтаксическая черта не объединяет зетско-сьеницский и герцеговинско-краишский диалекты, объединенные другими чертами. В большинстве зетско-сьеницских говорах в ареале юго-западной Сербии данная конструкция не обнаруживается, в то время как в непосредственной близости данного ареала, в родственных идиомах окрестносей городов Беране и Биело-Поле данное синтаксическое явление было заимствованным из соседних герцеговинско-краишских говоров. На самом деле, за исключением говора сербского ареала вдоль течения реки Лим, где конструкция за + родительный определяется как «весьма частотная», и иекавско-екавских говорах в среднем течении реки Ибар, где она «часто» встречается в значениях предназначения, цели или намерения, статусом формализатора значения цели и предназначения обладает только конструкция за + винительный во всех трех диалектных типах рассматриваемого ареала. Отмечается также, что данный диалектизм представляет собой реликтное явление в исследуемом ареале и факт, что данные о границах ее распространения в юго-западной Сербии как крайних точках распространения данного синтаксического явления на юго-востоке вскоре станут источником в диахронической плоскости