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From the Oral Tradition to Written Music and Vice Versa: How the Performance of Byzantine Church Music Gives Rise to Different Identity Practices
No full textThis article examines the role of Byzantine music as a “scene/platform” on which an individual can fully “perform” their identity, affording it full expression. [1] This notion is based on my personal involvement in this practice, which has afforded certain insight into the ways Byzantine sound creates a dialogue between participants/performers and the world. Byzantine sound is a type of religious music that “circulates” between two poles: the oral tradition and the written tradition of Byzantine church music. Our ongoing dialogue is oriented by this specific polarity within the cosmography of Byzantine music, becoming a lively and creative discussion in which different social identities interact with each other, trying to take a stand and accept the challenge of performing the Byzantine sound-in other words, to be unique.Classics@24: Emotion and Performance in Late Antiquity and Byzantium, ed. Niki Tsironi, special issu
The Balkan Linguistic and Cultural Union: A Holistic Research Program
No full textThe article proposes a new research program on the Balkan linguistic and cultural
union (Balkan Sprachbund and Kulturbund), based on a novel definition of linguistic and
cultural union as a group of non-related languages and cultures connected by regular functional
correspondences, akin to the presence of regular sound correspondences between
languages as a diagnostic feature in the theory of language kinship. It suggests considering
diagnostic and union-forming features, correspondences in inventories and rules of distribution
of functions of units and categories across different languages and cultures, to test
the hypothesis of their inclusion in a linguistic and cultural union.
After a brief overview of the current state of affairs in the scholarly literature on the
subject, the article proposes a structured list of 160+ selected polyfunctional categorical
features, pertaining to different structural levels of language and culture and presumably
demonstrating regular interlinguistic and intercultural Balkan correspondences. The detection
of regularity in correspondences and, consequently, the formulation of a hypothesis
regarding the existence of a linguistic union with prognostic power is suggested as a
possible avenue for resolving the theoretical issue of providing rigorous evidence, through
methods of the humanities, of the existence in the history of humanity of a particular type
of convergent development of idioethnic languages and cultures, and the observed result
of such development — linguistic and cultural unions as distinct language groups (distinct
from language families) and distinct cultural associations
The Family of Dr. Vladan Đorđević: Cultural Transfers in 19th‒ and 20th‒Century Belgrade
No full textDr. Vladan Đ. Đorđević was born in Belgrade in 1844 and died in Baden, Austria
in 1930. He was a surgeon, scientist, writer, Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Army Medical
Corps, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbia (President of the Council of Ministers),
and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1897 to 1900. Vladan Đorđević’s real name was, in
fact, Hippocrates, and his family name was Jimo or Čuleka. Not all Tsintsars and Greeks
changed their names. Vladan Đorđević’s mother’s family has kept its original surname,
Leko, to this day. His mother, Maria Đorđević, née Leko, was born in Bela Crkva in Banat,
then part of the Habsburg Monarchy. Vladan Đorđević’s father, Đorđe Đorđević alias
Georgije D. Georgijević, was in the medical service of the army of the Principality of Serbia
(later becoming a medical lieutenant). Vladan Đorđević’s father and mother actually
came from the same region of the Balkans, and their families left their ancestral homes and
went north for the same reasons. Đorđe Đorđević was born in the predominantly Aromanian
village of Fourka in present-day Greece. Vladan Đorđević’s maternal grandfather,
Marko Leko, was born in Vlachokleisoura, today Kleisoura in the Greek municipality of
Kastoria. Migration to the northern areas of Southeast Europe was gradual. Merchants
from the Ottoman Empire used to travel to and live in the Habsburg Empire for business
purposes. Final departures from the old country were caused by the violence of the
local semi-independent pashas. The most notorious was Ali Pasha of Ioannina. As is well
known, the Tsintsars, like the Greeks, considered the Orthodox Church based in Constantinople
and Byzantine culture to be their heritage. Apart from the businesses they
ran, they had their own churches and schools (the Greek quarter in Vienna). They could
start schooling in Greek in Belgrade, continue in Zemun, move on to Buda, and finish
it in Vienna or Trieste. Business and cultural networks spread from Western European
cities to Vienna, Buda, Pest, Constantinople, Odessa, and the country of the Khazars.
Vladan Đorđević was not the only high-ranking official of the Kingdom of Serbia who
was not of Serbian ethnic parentage. As in other European countries of that time, citizens
of the Kingdom of Serbia of German or Jewish ethnic origin could also reach the highest
positions. They were, of course, completely integrated into the framework of Serbian state
politics and society
Carlo Sforza and the Attempt to Define a New Italian Foreign Policy in the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and the Danube Region, 1920–1921
No full textAt the end of World War I, Italy sought to expand its influence in Central and
Eastern Europe. To achieve this, it was crucial to establish good relations with the Balkan
region, resolve the Adriatic issue peacefully, and assert its presence in the Mediterranean.
This paper broadly analyses this significant period in postwar Italian foreign policy by
outlining the strategies implemented by Italian Foreign Minister Carlo Sforza from 1920
to 1921 in the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Danube regions. Sforza attempted to mediate
and intervene in many significant issues of the international debate, including Albanian
independence, support for Mustafa Kemal’s Turkish nationalist movement, relations with
the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (SCS), and support for the Little Entente.
The détente in Adriatic relations, produced by the signing of the Treaty of Rapallo with
the Kingdom of SCS and the beginning of dialogue with the Czechoslovak Republic and
the Kingdom of Romania, formed the basis for true politics of power in Eastern Europe,
particularly among the successor states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Analysing historiography,
diplomatic documents, and archival records, the paper examines Carlo Sforza’s
diplomatic moves in regions that would return to the focus of Italian diplomatic interests
in the coming years, entangling with the directives of Fascist imperialism
Migration and Different Relationships with the Place of Origin in Eastern Serbia: A Demographic Case Study
No full textThe paper shows the demographic and cultural transformation of two micro-areas
in eastern Serbia influenced by migration in the last few decades. The work is based on the
results of qualitative field research in Homolje, Zvižd, and Ponišavlje in the period 2007–
2024. The different historical and economic contexts of migration from these two microareas
are shown through the causes and consequences of migration since the middle of the
20th century. Alongside demographic methods, the paper employs the qualitative interview
and comparative method to depict multiple layers of the migration process. Through an interdisciplinary
approach, we discuss the demographic causes of the ethno-anthropological
phenomenon of identity transformation, and its reflection on the relationship with the
place of origin. Qualitative and quantitative research confirmed the decisive influence of
the socio-demographic characteristics of the migrating population and the migration destination,
as well as the formation of specific identities among migrants, which resulted in a
different relationship with the place of origin
The Names of Roman Dardania: Approaching the Indigenous Personal Names in the Southern Part of Upper Moesia
No full textThe paper focuses on the anthroponymy attested in Roman inscriptions from Dardania, the region that comprised nearly half of the territory of the province of Upper Moesia. Building upon some recent advancements in the study of native onomastics and incorporating some more recent epigraphic attestations, the paper discusses the anthroponymy recorded in Roman inscriptions from the region, aiming to prompt further research on population dynamics by offering updated references and insights grounded in a relevant methodological framework
Lexical and Semantic Analysis of the Lexeme Success in the Serbian Language
No full textУ овом истраживању лексема успех посматраће се са лексикографског и лексиколошког становишта. То значи да ћемо представити наведену лексему према томе како је она приказана у речницима српског језика (описном, асоцијативном и речнику синонима), а затим испитати могућности њеног удруживања у синтагматске спојеве са придевима који функционишу као њени конгруентни атрибути, као и са именицама и глаголима и на тај начин покушати да лексему успех представимо с аспекта анализе лексичког значења.In this research, the lexeme success will be observed from a lexicographic and lexicological perspective. This means that we will present the mentioned lexeme as it is given in Serbian language dictionaries, and then examine the possibilities of its association into syntagmatic compounds with adjectives that function as its congruent attributes, as well as with nouns and verbs, and in this way to present the lexeme success from the aspect of lexical meaning analysis
The Role and Significance of Spiritual Fathers: Narratives of Believers in the Serbian Orthodox Church
No full textОвај рад истражује концептуализације духовника у православном
хришћанству, с акцентом на наративе верника Српске православне цркве.
Фокус је на улози духовника у индивидуалној религиозности и на њиховом значају за пораст броја православних верника од краја 20. века до
данас. Истраживање је засновано на етнографској грађи прикупљеној током пројекта „Црквено-религијске праксе православних верника у Србији:
антрополошко истраживање” (2021–2023), као и на релевантној стручној и верској литератури. Функција духовника зависи од друштвених, историјских и културних околности, при чему они пружају стабилност у кризним временима или делују као учитељи у периодима релативне стабилности. Данас духовници обједињују традиционалне улоге са новим
формама духовног вођења, од медијске присутности до саветовања у интеграцији религиозних вредности у савремени живот. Наративи испитаника
наглашавају личну улогу духовника у њиховом духовном узрастању, док
савремена пракса указује на адаптацију религијских модела захтевима
модерног доба. Рад истиче да је концепт духовника динамичан, рефлектујући промене у духовним и друштвеним потребама верника. Истраживање је показало да је улога духовника вишеслојна јер обједињује и тајну
исповести и лични духовни однос са верником, а у неким случајевима и
харизматски ауторитет старца.This paper explores the conceptualizations of spiritual fathers in Orthodox
Christianity, with a focus on the narratives of believers in the Serbian Orthodox
Church. It examines the role of spiritual fathers in individual religiosity and
their importance in the growth of the Orthodox faithful since the late 20th
century. The research is based on ethnographic material collected during the
project “Ecclesiastical and Religious Praxes of Christian Orthodox Believers
in Serbia: An Anthropological Research” (2021–2023), as well as relevant
academic and religious literature. The function of a spiritual father depends
on social, historical, and cultural contexts, with spiritual fathers providing
stability during times of crisis or serving as educators in periods of relative
stability. Today, spiritual fathers integrate traditional roles with new forms
of spiritual guidance, ranging from media presence to advising on the
integration of religious values into modern life. The narratives of respondents
emphasize the personal role of spiritual fathers in their spiritual growth,
while contemporary practices point to the adaptation of religious models to
meet the demands of modern life. The paper highlights that the concept of a spiritual father is dynamic, reflecting changes in the spiritual and social
needs of believers. The research has shown that the role of a spiritual father
(духовник) is multifaceted, as it includes sacramental confession, personal
spiritual guidance, and, in some cases, the charismatic authority associated
with an elder (starets).Тема броја: Православље у Србији данас (ур. Александра Павићевић) / Theme of the issue: Christian Orthodoxy in Serbia Today (ed. Aleksandra Pavićević)
Organ Donation: Certain Perspectives of Serbian Orthodox Church Believers and a Critical Reflection on the Foundation of the Practice
No full textДонирање органа тема је многих дискусија и посебно релевантан предмет
истраживања различитих дисциплина последњих неколико деценија; брзина којом се биомедицинске технологије развијају и примењују омогућила је различите интерпретације ове праксе. Анализирајући ставове саговорника у кључу блиског идентификовања, као православних црквених
верника, обрадиле смо неколико релевантних тема које се протежу кроз
њихове одговоре. Формирајући мишљење на основу различитих извора,
наши саговорници откривају контрадикторности и нијансе које одликују
друштвено разумевање и имплементацију ове праксе. Анализа њихових
прича употпуњена је критичким освртом на историју развоја трансплантационе технологије, културне основе главних принципа на којима се ова
технологија базира, те на интерпретацији релевантних актера који учествују у њеном практиковању и формирању идеја о њој у датом тренутку. Фокусирајући се, превасходно, на праксу донирања, а не искуства примаоца
органа, настојале смо да проширимо опус истраживања на ову и сличне
теме у локалној истраживачкој пракси.Organ donation has been the subject of diverse discussions and a particularly
relevant area of research across various disciplines in recent decades. The
rapid development and application of biomedical technologies have allowed
for multiple interpretations of this practice. By analyzing the perspectives of our
interlocutors who closely identify as Orthodox Christian believers, we explored
several pertinent themes reflected in their responses. Forming opinions based
on a variety of sources, our interlocutors reveal the contradictions and nuances
that characterize the social understanding and implementation of this practice.
The analysis of their stories is supplemented with a critical review of the history
of transplantation technology, the cultural foundations of its key principles, and
the interpretations of relevant actors involved in its practice and the formation
of ideas surrounding it at a given time. By focusing primarily on the practice of
organ donation rather than experiences of organ recipients, we aimed to broaden
the scope of research on this and similar topics within local scholarly practices.Тема броја: Православље у Србији данас (ур. Александра Павићевић) / Theme of the issue: Christian Orthodoxy in Serbia Today (ed. Aleksandra Pavićević)
Fotografija, etnografski film i nove studije materijalne kulture: antropološki pogled
No full textZbog svojih vizuelnih odlika, poput ikoničnosti i indeksnosti,
koje omogućavaju komunikaciju, kao i materijalnih karakteristika,
u antropologiji se fotografijom kao predmetom istraživanja bave i
vizuelna antropologija i antropologija materijalne kulture. U obe
antropološke poddiscipline, fotografije su tretirane kao etnografski
dokumenti. Ujedno, u savremenom kontekstu ove grane antropologije, svaka iz svog ugla, preispituju i kritikuju stanovište da su fotografije ilustracije socio-kulturne stvarnosti. S jedne strane, savremena vizuelna antropologija odgovara na pitanje šta fotografija znači
za ljude (fotografisane, vlasnike fotografije, fotografe). Drugim rečima, akcenat je na razumevanju pojedinačnih i lokalnih značenja
ili šireg kulturnog konteksta u okviru koga su fotografije situirane.
Sa druge strane, antropologija materijalne kulture, u skladu sa postavkama novih studija materijalne kulture da postoji dijalektička
povezanost između subjekta i objekta, pre je zainteresovana za pitanje šta fotografija čini za ljude i šta čini ljudima, odnosno za prakse
„proizvođenja“ ljudi i predmeta. Etnografski filmovi na temu fotografija dovode u pitanje spomenute odvojene akademske zabrane.
U tom smislu, fotografije su višestruko posredovane: značenjem
koje upisuje fotograf, značenjem koje fotografisani želi da prenese,
značenjem koje, kroz kameru i montažu, prenosi etnografski film i
na kraju, značenjem koje gledalac učitava. S tim u vezi, cilj prezentacije je da uporedimo dva, sad već, klasična etnografska filma u
kojima je predmet fotografsko predstavljanje lokalne zajednice, i to
su Photo Wallahs (MacDougall and MacDougall 1992) i Future remembrance. Photography and image art in Ghana (Wendl and DuPlessis 1998). Namera nam je da date filmove analiziramo koristeći
koncepte iz novih studija materijalne kulture, kao što su „objekti
fikacija“ i „poniznost stvari“. Uzimajući za primer fotografije, cilj
je da pokažemo plodotvornost pristupa novih studija materijalne
kulture u istraživanju tema kao što su identitet i sopstvo u vizuelnoj
etnografiji