Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
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“Everything for the Church and the Motherland”: The Yugoslav Regime’s Policy on the Catholic Church, 1947–1958
No full textThis paper analyzes the internal policy of communist Yugoslavia regarding
the Catholic Church in the period from 1947 to 1958. During that
time, the Catholic Church represented one of the rare political opponents of
the Communist Party in the country. The paper analyzes the regime’s struggle
against the Church, particularly focusing on its ideological framework: the
bottom-up perspective, embodied in the policy of differentiation and in the
creation of priests’ associations; and the notion of brotherhood and unity of
the Yugoslav nations. Finally, the paper tries to answer what the Yugoslav state
wished to achieve with the Catholic Church, and why it failed in this endeavor
Фолклорна димензија савремених теорија завера
No full textЗахваљујући интернету, а пре свега друштвеним мрежама, теорије завера су
присутније у јавном дискурсу у односу на време када су ти наративи били
дистрибуирани искључиво путем литературе, штампе или телевизије. Теорије завера
данас одговарају на најразличитије теме и треба их посматрати као израз „пријемчиве”
критичке теорије, неповерења у постојеће институције и последицу „кризе смисла” и
културе страха. Теорије завера просечном посматрачу објашњавају и приближавају
комплексне односе моћи на веома упрошћен начин и утичу на формирање његовог
погледа на свет и однос према реалности у коју је уроњен. Због тога их треба третирати
као одређену врсту легенди и у њима тражити фолклорне елементе. Иако најчешће
заправо не нуде релевантне одговоре на питања која оправдано постављају, теорије
завера као конкретан фолклорни жанр, систематизују изузетно комплексна знања која
описују свет и најчешће деконструишу поредак. Намера презентације јесте да
анализира теорије глобалних мега-завера и да на њих примени семиотичку
актанцијалну шему, како би након тога представила анализу ширег културног
контекста у оквиру кога оне имају сопствено значење и вредност. На основу теорија о
новом светском поретку, Канону и тајним владарима света, биће приказана фолклорна
матрица која у себи садржи елементе есхатолошких наратива и легенди
Народна патуљаста принцеза и женски бес: Мимови са Му-Денг
No full textBorn in summer 2024 at Khao Kheow open zoo in Thailand, Moo-Deng (eng.
“Bouncy pork”) is a female baby pygmy hippopotamus whose photographs and
videos have become a viral sensation online. She was chosen by zoo staff to
promote awareness of her endangered species, but images of Moo-Deng quickly
went viral, and owing to her expressive facial features, took on a life of their
own, becoming memes and (more importantly) being turned into fan art by
people around the globe. The fact that Moo-Deng is female (or, as the sometimes
accompanying text puts it: “just a girl”, fig.1)1 led to a somewhat unexpected
association between the pygmy hippo and female rage. This paper will analyze
memes and other visual content shared on Instagram, that features Moo-Deng,
as ways of articulating female rage which becomes socially acceptable through
visual association with a cute animal, as well as delve into the ways in which
an animal’s facial expressions become interpretable and interpreted by a global
human audience in the wider context of human-animal relations.Рођена у лето 2024. у Као Кеу отвореном зоолошком врту на Тајланду, Му
Денг (срп. „Ћуфтица која одскаче”) је женска беба патуљастог нилског коња
чије су фотографије и видеи постали вирална сензација на интернету. Одабрана је од стране особља зоолошког врта како би подизала свест о својој
угроженој врсти, али фотографије и видеи Му-Денг су убрзо постали вирални и, захваљујући њеном експресивном лицу, започели сопствени независни живот тако што су их људи широм света претварали у мимове и
(важније) од њих стварали фановску уметност. Чињеница да је Му-Денг
женка (или како то текст који некад прати њене слике каже: „само девојчица”) довела је до, донекле, неочекиване асоцијације између ове женке патуљастог нилског коња и женског беса. У овом тексту ћу анализирати
мимове и друге визуелне садржаје који се деле на Инстаграму и укључују
Му-Денг као начине артикулације женског беса који постаје друштвено
прихватљив кроз повезивање са сликама слатке животиње. Такође ћу се
дотаћи и начина на које се изрази лица једне животиње од стране глобалне
људске публике тумаче у ширем контексту људско-животињских односа.Topic of the Issue: Folklore in the Digital Age: Continuities and Transformations аcross Online and Offline Spaces (еds Gordana Blagojević, Rea Kakampoura) / Тема броја: Фолклор у дигиталном добу: Континуитети и трансформације у онлајн и офлајн просторима (ур. Гордана Благојевић, Реа Какампура)
Contributions of prof. dr Gordana Jovanović to Historical Lexicology and Lexicography
No full textНаучни допринос проф. др Гордане Јовановић славистици и србистици је вишеслојан. По вокацији полониста, али по научном опредељењу и деловању и палеослависта и србиста, истакла се не само у проучавању језичких и књижевно-културолошких српско-пољских веза већи у проучавању историје и ономастике српског језика, текстолошким проучавањима српских средњовековних рукописа, приређивачкој и преводилачкој делатности са српскословенског језика, пре свега. У овом прилогу посебна пажња посвећена је резултатима проф. др Гордане Јовановић
из области историјске лексикологије и лексикографије.The paper deals with the analysis of the works of Prof. Dr Gordana Jovanovic
in the fields of historical lexicology and lexicography. Her bibliography can be
categorized into several groups: (1) studies dedicated to the lexical (and textological)
structure of Serbian Church Slavonic Gospels (and the relationship of that lexicon to
the lexicon of Old Church Slavonic monuments and other recensions); (2) works on
historical (meta)lexicography; (3) research focused on lexical issues in the works of
Constantine the Philosopher, charters of Serbian rulers, etc.; (4) studies on elements
of older types of literary language present in modern Serbian (in the standard
language, in the works of individual authors, in dialects and terminological systems);
(5) works addressing Serbian-Polish lexicographic and lexical connections. The
results of her research in this field are significant for the history of the Serbian and other Slavic languages, but many also find application in the study of contemporary
Serbian, lexicography, contrastive linguistics, and more
Nature’s Arsenal: Uncovering Antibacterial Agents Against Antimicrobial Resistance
No full textBackground/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant public health threat, leading to increased mortality. The World Health Organization has established a priority list highlighting critical multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that demand urgent research on antimicrobial treatments. Considering this and the fact that new antibiotics are only sporadically approved, natural antibacterial agents have seen a resurgence in interest as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. Natural antibacterials, derived from microorganisms, higher fungi, plants, animals, natural minerals, and food sources, offer diverse mechanisms of action against MDR pathogens. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of antibacterial agents from natural sources, including a brief history of their application and highlighting key strategies for using microorganisms (microbiopredators, such as bacteriophages), plant extracts and essential oils, minerals (e.g., silver and copper), as well as compounds of animal origin, such as milk or even venoms. The review also addresses the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and antimicrobial peptides, as well as novel formulations such as nanoparticles. The mechanisms of action of these compounds, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, are explored alongside the challenges for their application, e.g., extraction, formulation, and pharmacokinetics. Conclusions: Future research should focus on developing eco-friendly, sustainable antimicrobial agents and validating their safety and efficacy through clinical trials. Clear regulatory frameworks are essential for integrating these agents into clinical practice. Despite challenges, natural sources offer transformative potential for combating AMR and promoting sustainable health solutions
MACROSTRUCTURE OF THE AXIOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE
No full textУ главном делу рада представљена је макроструктура одредница за планирани речник вредности српског језика. Предложена макроструктура идеографски је организована у шест основних макроодредница, од којих свака садржи одређен број пододредница хијерахијски устројених, што је назначено њиховим нумерацијским односом и редоследом. У закључном делу рада представљени су позитивни општелингвистички, концептолошки и концептографски резултати који би били остварени израдом планираног аксиолошког речника српског језика.В основной части работы представлена макроструктура словарных статей для планируемого словаря ценностей сербского языка. Предлагаемая макроструктура организована идеографически и состоит из шести основных макростатей, каждая из которых включает несколько подстатей, иерархически структурированных, что отмечено их нумерацией и порядком. В заключительной части работы представлены положительные общелингвистические, концептологические и концептографические результаты, которые могут быть достигнуты созданием планируемого аксиологического словаря сербского языка.In the main section of the paper, the macrostructure of entries for the planned dictionary of values in the Serbian language is presented. The proposed macrostructure is ideographically organized into six main macro- entries, each containing a number of sub-entries that are hierarchically structured, as indicated by their numerical order and relations. In the conclusion, the paper outlines the positive general linguistic, conceptual, and conceptographic outcomes that would be achieved by creating the planned axiological dictionary of the Serbian language
Women Architects in Serbia (1945–1991): Creating Socialist Landscapes of Architectural Modernism
No full textWomen architects in the territory of post-war Yugoslavia (1945–1991) achieved equitable access, opportunity, and success coincident with the process of modernization. Women architects who were born in the first half of the twentieth century, who came of age with interwar and post-war Serbian architectural education, came to occupy a prominent place in the construction of the comprehensive reality of a new, socialist society—from designing residential spaces, parks, planning cities, to shaping entire landscapes. Of particular importance are the women who engaged with various aspects of the profession, from urban planning to urban design, architectural design, interior design, and public education. This group includes Ružica Ilić (urban planning, urban design), Vera Ćirković (architectural design), Jovanka Jeftanović (urban planning, architectural design), Olga Divac (urban design, heading building, and public urban space construction), Olga Milićević Nikolić (urban design, landscape architecture), Cveta Davičo (architecture of memorial spaces, landscape architecture, urban design), and Zorana Stojnić Šerbanović (interior design)
A Comprehensive Overview of Antibacterial Agents for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: The Current Landscape, Development, Future Opportunities, and Challenges
No full textBackground/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance poses a major public health challenge. The World Health Organization has identified 15 priority pathogens that require prompt development of new antibiotics. This review systematically evaluates the antibacterial resistance of the most significant bacterial pathogens, currently available treatment options, as well as complementary approaches for the management of infections caused by the most challenging multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. For carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, treatment options include combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, known as cefiderocol, as well as older antibiotics like polymixins and tigecycline. Treatment options for Gram-positive bacteria are vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, etc. Although the development of new antibiotics has stagnated, various agents with antibacterial properties are currently in clinical and preclinical trials. Non-antibiotic strategies encompass antibiotic potentiators, bacteriophage therapy, antivirulence therapeutics, antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial nanomaterials, host-directed therapy, vaccines, antibodies, plant-based products, repurposed drugs, as well as their combinations, including those used alongside antibiotics. Significant challenges exist in developing new antimicrobials, particularly related to scientific and technical issues, along with policy and economic factors. Currently, most of the alternative options are not part of routine treatment protocols. Conclusions and Future Directions: There is an urgent need to expedite the development of new strategies for treating infections caused by MDR bacteria. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves collaboration across research, healthcare, and regulatory bodies. Suggested approaches are crucial for addressing this challenge and should be backed by rational antibiotic use, enhanced infection control practices, and improved surveillance systems for emerging pathogens
Selective lithium recovery from spent NCM type Li-ion battery materials by powder electrolysis
No full textThis study presents an eco-friendly electrochemical method for selectively recovering lithium from spent NCM (LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2) materials via powder electrolysis. Traditional recycling methods often generate hazardous gases and require high temperatures or excess chemical reagents. Using a custom-designed electrolytic cell and a porous anode frame in which the NCM powders were mounted, this innovative method ensures continuous contact between the electrode powder and the anode within an optimized pH of the electrolyte, thereby enhancing lithium extraction efficiency while minimizing the co-leaching of other metals. By adjusting the initial pH of the electrolyte and leveraging localized acidic and alkaline conditions created during electrolysis, high lithium extraction efficiency was achieved. Experimental results show that at an initial electrolyte pH of 2 and a temperature of 85°C, the leaching efficiency of Li reached 94.62 wt%, with minimal dissolution of Ni, Co, and Mn (i.e., 1.80 wt%, 0.52 wt%, and 0.13 wt%, respectively). This method improves the efficiency of lithium recovery and reduces environmental impact by eliminating hazardous gas emissions and minimizing the use of chemical reagents
