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Special features of bank corporate governance
No full textПредмет истраживања докторске дисертације јесу најважније особености корпоративног управљања банака уз посебан осврт на чланове одбора директора.
Корпоративно управљање, схваћено као „систем којим се води и контролише компанија“, дуго је већ тема која је у фокусу бројних истраживања. Међутим, и поред општег научног интересовања за ову тему, ограничена пажња посвећена је корпоративном управљању банака. Пре финансијске кризе која је отпочела 2007. године, истраживања о природи и ефектима корпоративног управљања у банкама, уз пар изузетака, постојала су само као узгредна. Ова околност указује да је до недавно преовладавало уверење да корпоративно управљање у банкама није у довољној мери различито од корпоративног управљања у другим привредним друштвима, да би као такво завређивало посебно истраживање. Међутим, како је и развој општег корпоративног управљања био неретко подстицан тзв. корпоративним скандалима, тако је и финансијска криза која је трајала од 2007. до 2009. године, скренула пажњу на значај корпоративног управљања банака и других финансијских институција, што је утицало да се тој теми посвети посебна пажња након финансијске кризе. Поједностављено би се могло рећи да је закључак да се корпоративно управљање у банкама разликује од општег корпоративног управљања, те да завређује и одвојену пажњу, произашао из значаја и ризичности активности које обављају банке, далекосежност ефеката пропасти банака, а превасходно из чињенице да су емпиријске анализе показале да су недостаци корпоративног управљања банака значајно допринели самој финансијској кризи.
Имајући у виду наведено, дисертација има три кључне тачке.
Прво, у дисертацији се указује на концептуалне различитости корпоративног управљања у банкама у односу на опште корпоративно управљање и то путем идентификовања, а потом и анализе оних специфичности банака које су релевантне с аспекта корпоративног управљања. Та анализа приказује различитост подстицаја, позиција и специфичности агенцијских проблема који постоје код актера корпоративног управљања у банкама у односу на опште корпоративно управљање. Поменуте специфичности су ratio рестриктивнијег регулаторног приступа питањима корпоративног управљања у банкама, те су као такве значајне за разумевање прописа, односно механизама корпоративног управљања који треба да користe у решавању агенцијских проблема код банака.
Друго, дисертација садржи анализу најважнијих питања корпоративног управљања за чланове одбора банака. У том смислу, у центру разматрања је анализа кључних регулаторних захтева везаних за одбор директора банке (организација, састав, подобност чланова, поједина питања надлежности и одговорности) – који захтеви су углавном значајно рестриктивнији у односу на захтеве за друштва изван финансијског сектора. Даље, истраживање укључује и осврт на улогу коју има надлежни надзорни орган у спровођењу и примени прописа, односно стандарда у наведеној области, а нарочито на улогу надлежног надзорног органа у делу који се односи на оцену подобности чланова одбора (управе) банке. Анализа чланова одбора банака дата је с аспекта домаћег права, права Европске уније, као и права појединих држава чланица, али и појединих међународних стандарда доброг корпоративног управљања у банкама. Имајући у виду овлашћења и одговорности одбора директора банке, посебно су
анализирана и најважнија питања система унутрашњих контрола у банкама (функција управљања ризицима, функција усклађености пословања и функција унутрашње ревизије), као и улога „вишег руководства“ и „носилаца кључних функција“ у корпоративном управљању банака и однос са одбором директора банака.The subject of the research of doctoral dissertation are the most important particularities of corporate governance of banks, with special focus on members of the board of directors.
The topic of corporate governance, understood as a “system for the conduct and oversight of a company,” has already been the focus of numerous studies. However, despite the general interest in this topic, there has been limited attention dedicated to corporate governance of banks. Prior to the financial crisis of 2007, research on the nature and effects of corporate governance of banks was undertaken, with very few exceptions, only incidentally. This lack of explicit focus, until recently, illustrates the widespread belief that corporate governance of banks is not significantly enough different to corporate governance of other companies to warrant particular research attention. However, just as the development of general corporate governance was often spurred by so-called corporate scandals, thus the financial crisis that lasted from 2007 to 2009 forced scholars to pay attention to corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions, with more attention paid to the topic after the crisis. Simplified, given the significance of the role of banks, combined with the risk taken in the course of the activities, as well as the extensive reach of effects of bank failures, coupled with the fact that empirical analyses showed that oversights in corporate management of banks contributed to the financial crisis itself – has all born forth the conclusion that corporate governance of banks is indeed different to general corporate governance, and therefore deserves particular attention.
Having this in mind, the dissertation has three key issues.
Firstly, the dissertation indicates the conceptual differences between corporate governance in banks and general corporate governance, by identifying and then analyzing the particularities of corporate governance in banks. The analysis presents the different impetus, position, and particularities of (agency) problems for actors engaged in corporate governance of banks to those in general corporate governance. These particularities include a different (stricter) rationale of regulatory approach, that is, mechanism of corporative governance that ought to be in place to resolve agency problems in banks. Secondly, the dissertation offers an analysis of the most important issues of corporative governance for the members of the board of directors. Thus, strong attention will be paid to an analysis of the key regulatory demands made on the bank boards (organization, composition, suitability of members, particular questions of competency and responsibility) – which demands are in general much stricter compared to corporations outside the financial sector. Further, the research includes a look at the role of the oversight body in conduct and application of regulation, that is, the standards in a given field, in particular the role of the oversight body responsible for the assessment of the suitability of the board members. An analysis of the bank board members is given from the perspective of Serbian law, European Union legislation, legislation of some European Union member-states, as well as the perspective of certain international standards of good corporate governance of banks. Taking into consideration the competencies and responsibility of the board of directors, particular attention is paid to analysis of the most significant questions of internal systems control in banks (risk management function, compliance function and internal audit function), as well as the role of senior management and key function holders in corporate governance of banks and relations with the bank board of directors. Finally, based on the previous research and comparative analyses, the dissertation provides the
recommendations for the possible improvements to the existing Serbian regulatory framework in the studied areas
Notary documents on legal affairs : with special reference to property disposal business
No full textРад представља покушај да се на основу одређених критеријума изврши преглед и систематизација правила о јавнобележничким исправама о правним пословима у праву Републике Србије. Након кратког историјског прегледа и указивања на основне елементе јавнобележничког права, анализа започиње разматрањем главних начела поступања јавних бележника, као првог критеријума предложене систематизације. Након тога, прелази се на анализу основних облика јавнобележничких форми, са указивањем на разлике које постоје у погледу садржине, правила поступања, последице и дејстава које свака од јавнобележничких форми производи, уз скретање пажње на одређена спорна питања у тој области. То је уједно и други критеријум систематизације. У наставку следи анализа општих правила о правним пословима и посебних правила о пословима које за предмет имају располагање непокретностима и њихова примена у поступцима за које су надлежни јавни бележници. Након тога следи приказ конкретних исправа о правним пословима који су препознати као најчешћи у јавнобележничкој пракси: купопродаја непокретности, заложна изјава, поклон непокретности, доживотно издржавање и јавнобележнички тестамент. На крају, указано је на тзв.“споредне“ делатности које представљају битан део свакодневног рада јавних бележника, а такође се тичу исправа о правним пословима. Закључци рада су да је увођењем јавних бележника и прописивањем надлежности бележника у домену сачињавања исправа о правним пословима значајно повећан ниво правне сигурности грађана и да је дошло до знатног растерећења судова и органа управе, уз уверење да би одговарајућим груписањем норми јавнобележничког права ови резултати били још квалитетнији.The work represents an attempt to review and systematize the rules on public notary documents on legal affaires in the law of the Republic of Serbia based on certain criteria. After a brief historical review and pointing out the basic elements of notarial law, the analysis begins with a review of the main principles of notarial actions, as the first criterion of the proposed systematization. After that, it moves on to the analysis of the basic forms of public notarial forms, with an indication of the differences that exist in terms of content, rules of conduct, consequences and effects that each of the notarial forms produce, while drawing attention to certain controversial issues in that area. It is also the second criterion of systematization. The following is an analysis of the general rules on legal affairs and special rules on affairs that have as their object the real estate transaction and their application in procedures for which public notaries are competent. This is followed by a presentation of specific documents on legal affairs that are most common in notarial practice: purchase and sale of immovable property, mortgage statement, gift of immovable property, life support and notarial will. At the end, it was ponted out the so-called secondary activities that represent an essential part of the daily work of public notaries, and also concern documents about legal affairs. The conclusions of the work are that by introducing public notaries and prescribing notary’s responsibilities in the field of drafting documents on legal affarirs, a significantly increased level of legal security for citizens and that there was considerable relief for the courts and administrative bodies, with the belief that with the appropriate grouping of the norms of notarial law these resultes were even better
Effects of different meal formulations on the health status, proper development, well-being and behavior of puppies
No full textŠtenad i mladi psi imaju najveće potrebe za hranljivim materijama tokom svog perioda rasta,
kada je pravilna ishrana ključna za postizanje optimalne veličine, telesne mase i sveukupnog
zdravlja u odraslom uzrastu. Pravilno balansirana ishrana u ovom kritičnom razdoblju ne samo
da podržava razvoj kostiju i mišića, već i jača imunološki sistem, čime se postavlja čvrst temelj
za zdrav život. Razumevanje ovih nutritivnih potreba omogućava vlasnicima pasa da pruže
adekvatnu i prilagođenu ishranu, čime se doprinosi dobrobiti i dugovečnosti njihovih ljubimaca.
Rast i razvoj predstavljaju najvažnije fiziološke osobine štenadi i mladih pasa, koji prolaze kroz
kritične faze u svom životnom ciklusu. Potrebe štenadi i mladih pasa za hranljivim materijama
tokom ovih perioda su dvostruko veće od onih potrebnih za održavanje života. Ovaj brzi rast,
koji se meri prirastom, podrazumeva značajno nakupljanje proteina, mineralnih materija i vode
u telu, što doprinosi razvoju mišićne mase i kostiju. Pravilan rast i razvoj odbijene štenadi
ključni su za njihovo buduće zdravlje i dobrobit. Ovaj proces zahteva pažljiv pristup koji
obuhvata nekoliko ključnih faktora. U zavisnosti od rase, pravilno vreme i način prihranjivanja,
kao i izbor odgovarajuće hrane, mogu značajno uticati na prirast i opšte stanje štenadi. Osim
toga, važno je razmotriti količinu i sastav obroka, hemijski sastav hrane, njen oblik (granule,
komercijalno dostupna hrana, home made obroci).
U cilju ispitivanja uticaja različitih formulacija obroka na zdravstveni status, pravilan razvoj,
dobrobit i ponašanje štenadi organizovan je ogled po grupnom sistemu. Ogled je sproveden na
18 štenadi istog uzrasta (2 meseca), iste rase (šarplaninac) i jednakim odnosom polova. Kada
je štenad navršila dva meseca života, podeljena je u tri grupe (A (n=6), B (n=6) i C (n=6)). U
istraživanju su korišćene tri komercijalno dostupne kompletne hrane za ishranu štenadi: hrana
A (96,88% proteina životinjskog porekla), hrana B (76,86% proteina životinjskog porekla) i
hrana C (93,88% proteina životinjskog porekla). Štenad je hranjena količinski ograničenim
obrocima. Ogled je trajao 70 dana.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su štenad koja su bila hranjena hranom C postigla najveći
prirast u telesnoj masi u odnosu na štenad iz grupa A i B. Hrana A imala je najviši sadržaj
proteina i najbolji aminokiselinski profil, sa najviše esencijalnih aminokiselina, dok je hrana B
imala najniži sadržaj proteina, ali su sve tri hrane sadržale proteine iznad propisanog
minimuma. Svarljivost proteina bila je najviša kod grupe A, dok je bila najniža kod grupe B...Puppies and young dogs have the greatest nutritional needs during their growth period, when
proper nutrition is crucial for achieving optimal size, body weight, and overall health in
adulthood. A well-balanced diet during this critical period not only supports the development
of bones and muscles but also strengthens the immune system, laying a strong foundation for a
healthy life. Understanding these nutritional needs allows dog owners to provide adequate and
tailored nutrition, contributing to their pets' well-being and longevity.
Growth and development are the most important physiological characteristics of puppies and
young dogs, as they go through critical stages in their life cycle. The nutritional requirements
of puppies and young dogs during these periods are twice as high as those required for
maintaining life. This rapid growth, measured by weight gain, involves significant
accumulation of protein, minerals, and water in the body, contributing to the development of
muscle mass and bones. Proper growth and development of weaned puppies are key to their
future health and well-being. This process requires a careful approach, which includes several
key factors. Depending on the breed, the correct timing and method of feeding, as well as the
choice of appropriate food, can significantly affect the weight gain and general condition of the
puppies. Additionally, it is important to consider the quantity and composition of meals, the
chemical composition of the food, and its form (kibbles, commercially available food,
homemade meals).
In order to examine the effects of different meal formulations on health status, proper
development, welfare, and behavior of puppies, an experiment was organized using a group
system. The experiment was conducted on 18 puppies of the same age (2 months), the same
breed (Sarplaninac), and with an equal gender ratio. When the puppies reached two months of
age, they were divided into three groups (A (n=6), B (n=6), and C (n=6)). Three commercially
available complete puppy foods were used in the study: food A (96.88% animal protein), food
B (76.86% animal protein), and food C (93.88% animal protein). The puppies were fed
quantitatively restricted meals. The experiment lasted for 70 days.
The research results showed that puppies fed food C achieved the highest weight gain compared
to puppies in groups A and B. Food A had the highest protein content and the best amino acid
profile, with the most essential amino acids, while food B had the lowest protein content, but
all three foods contained proteins above the prescribed minimum. Protein digestibility was
highest in group A, while it was lowest in group B..
Causes and possible solutions for reducing systematic error caused by land-atmosphere interaction in multi-year integrations of a regional climate model in Central Europe
No full textОва дисертација се бави анализом узрока и могућих решења за смањење систематске
грешке која настаје услед интеракција између атмосфере и тла у вишегодишњим симулацијама
регионалног климатског модела. Проблем систематске грешке у климатским пројекцијама
повезан је са несавршеном репрезентацијом процеса размене влаге, топлоте и енергије између
ових двеју компоненти климатског система. Посебан значај овог истраживања огледа се у
контексту климатских промена, с обзиром на очекивани пораст учесталости екстремних
климатских догађаја, попут топлотних таласа и суша, који ће бити појачани повратним
спрегама између тла и атмосфере. Боље разумевање ових интеракција може допринети
унапређењу климатских пројекција и предвиђању климатских екстрема.
Истраживање је изведено коришћењем повезаног регионалног климатског модела
EBU-POM, који комбинује атмосферску и океанску компоненту, са Noah моделом тла.
Анализирани су различити параметри тла, који описују хидрофизичке особине тла базиране
на текстури тла, као и њихов утицај на кључне климатске променљиве, тј. температуру
ваздуха, падавине, влажност тла и евапотранспирацију. Кроз два симулациона експеримената
и коришћење различитих мапа текстуре тла, испитивана је осетљивост модела на промену
параметара тла, као и њихов утицај на повратне спреге између тла и атмосфере.
Посебан део истраживања усмерен је на верификацију EURO-CORDEX мулти-
моделског ансамбла током летњег периода у Панонској низији, јер се ова област издваја по
прецењивању температуре ваздуха и потцењивању падавина у том периоду. Ова анализа је
спроведена како би се идентификовале предности и ограничења различитих регионалних
климатских модела у симулацији летње климе, с обзиром на то да се EURO-CORDEX мулти-
моделски ансамбл високог просторног разлагања користи за студије утицаја промене климе на
социо-економске секторе друштва и околину. Коришћене су статистичке метрике за
верификације модела, укључујући Тејлорове дијаграме, који су показали одређена одступања
у симулираним вредностима температуре ваздуха и падавина у односу на осмотрени сет
података. Поред тога, с обзиром на уочене проблеме у симулацији летње климе у овом
региону, испитана је и осетљивост параметара тла у климатском моделу.
Такође, резултати указују да параметри тла, коришћени за описивање интеракција
између атмосфере и тла, могу значајно утицати на грешке у симулацијама влажности тла која
путем механизма повратних спрега утиче пре свега на температуру ваздуха, нарочито током
летњег периода. Нетачности у моделирању ових интеракција могу довести до потцењивања
или прецењивања екстремних климатских догађаја, попут интензитета топлотних таласа.
Идентификовани су најзначајнији параметри тла који утичу на грешке у приземним
флуксевима латентне и осетне топлоте и физичким величинама које описују атмосферу и тло,
при чему је утврђена њихова снажна зависност од величине честица тла. Ови резултати указују
на потребу за унапређењем података о текстури тла како би се смањила неизвесност
климатских пројекција и побољшала прогнозљивост екстремних климатских догађаја.This dissertation analyzes the causes and potential solutions for reducing systematic errors
arising from land-atmosphere interactions in multi-year simulations of a regional climate model. The
issue of systematic errors in climate projections is associated with the imperfect representation of
moisture, heat, and energy exchange processes between these two components of the climate system.
The significance of this research is particularly evident in the context of climate change, given the
expected increase in the frequency of extreme climate events, such as heatwaves and droughts, which
will be amplified by land-atmosphere feedback mechanisms. A better understanding of these
interactions can contribute to improving climate projections and the prediction of climate extremes.
The study was conducted using the coupled regional climate model EBU-POM, which
integrates the atmospheric and oceanic components with the Noah land surface model. Various soil
parameters were analyzed, describing the soil hydro-physical properties based on soil texture, as well
as their impact on key climate variables, including air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and
evapotranspiration. Through two simulation experiments and the use of different soil texture maps,
the model's sensitivity to changes in soil parameters was examined, along with their influence on
land-atmosphere feedbacks.
A dedicated part of the research focuses on the verification of the EURO-CORDEX multimodel
ensemble during the summer period in the Pannonian Basin, as this region stands out due to
overestimation of air temperature and underestimation of precipitation during this period. This
analysis was conducted to identify the advantages and limitations of different regional climate models
in simulating summer climate, considering that the high-resolution EURO-CORDEX multi-model
ensemble is widely used in studies on the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors and
the environment. Statistical metrics were used for model verification, including Taylor diagrams,
which revealed certain discrepancies in the simulated air temperature and precipitation compared to
the observed dataset. Furthermore, given the identified issues in simulating summer climate in this
region, the sensitivity of soil parameters in the climate model was also examined.
The results also indicate that soil parameters used to describe land-atmosphere interactions
can significantly influence errors in soil moisture simulations, which, through feedback mechanisms,
primarily affect air temperature, especially during the summer period. Inaccuracies in modeling these
interactions can lead to underestimation or overestimation of extreme climate events, such as the
intensity of heat waves. The most influential soil parameters affecting errors in surface latent and
sensible heat fluxes, as well as physical variables describing the state of atmosphere and soil, have
been identified, showing a strong dependence on soil grain size. These findings highlight the need to
improve soil texture data to reduce uncertainties in climate projections and enhance the predictability
of extreme climate events
Empatija i savremena moralna subjektivnost: sociološki pristup interpretacijama neuronaučnih istraživanja
No full textThe main objective of the doctoral dissertation is to gain
insight into how scientific research on empathy and its neural
mechanisms relates to contemporary understanding of moral
subjectivity. More specifically, the research aims to examine
conceptions of moral and social subjectivity in published papers
from new integrative disciplines, characterized by Vidal and
Ortega as "neurodisciplines” – from social neuroscience,
neurosociology, neuroethics, and the debate about biological
moral enhancement. Using conceptual critique and considering
integration of levels of analysis, the research investigates how
empathy is connected to neuroscientic findings about brain
activation, mirror-neurons, and the hormone oxytocin, as well as
to social and moral concepts.
The research findings demonstrate that neurodisciplinary
integration of concepts and levels of analysis involves
interpretation, which is contingent upon a cerebral conception of
subjectivity and methodological individualism. In
neurodisciplinary integration, neuroscientific knowledge takes
precedence, functioning as evidence for social and ethical
conceptions. Knowledge from the social sciences is of secondary
importance, and critiques of interpretations of neuroscientific
findings are largely absent. The dichotomy between the emotional
and the rational plays a crucial role in neurodisciplinary
knowledge production about empathy and other capacities of the
“social” and “moral brain”, with other biosocial dichotomies
mapped onto it. Emotional aspects of empathy and morality are
considered faster, evolutionary ancient, and more embodied,
serving as a link between social and moral concepts, and
neuroscietific findings.
The research indicates the compatibility between
neuroscientific knowledge and the neoliberal social context.
Drawing on Foucault’s framework of problematization, it can be
concluded that empathy is seen as an answer to questions about
the neural bases of morality and sociality under individualistic
assumptions about the subject. The contemporary proliferation of
scientific and popular discourses on empathy, its potential neural
bases, and proposals for its enhancement, is driven not only by
new scientific discoveries, but also by widely spread conceptions
of subjectivity. Therefore, its effect is to reinforce an
individualistic understanding of morality and sociality
Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from water and sediment by an integrated process of adsorption and microbial degradation
No full textU ovoj disertaciji je predstavljen proces in situ bioremedijacije sedimenta i podzemne vode
kontaminirane naftnim jedinjenjima na industrijskom nivou, kao i ispitivanje nove tehnološke procedure
za uklanjanje rastvorne frakcije (WSF) dizela iz voda.
In situ bioremedijacioni tretman se sastojao od biostimulacije, bioaugmentacije i recirkulacije
podzemne vode u zatvorenom sistemu. Za bioaugmentaciju je korišćen zimogeni konzorcijum
mikroorganizama izolovan iz kontaminiranog sedimenta. Nakon bioaugmentacije udeo naftnih degradera
u ukupnom broju hemoorganoheterotrofnih bakterija je porastao više od 60 puta u sedimentu, a broj
naftnih degradera u podzemnoj vodi je održavan između 105 i 108 CFU/mL. Nakon jednogodišnje
bioremedijacije, GC analiza je pokazala smanjenje sadržaja naftnih ugljovodonika u sedimentu za 82%,
a u podzemnoj vodi za gotovo 100%. GCxGC-MS analiza sedimenta je pokazala stepen degradacije
različitih grupa naftnih ugljovodonika: sterana (99,58%), izoprenoida (98,39%), derivata benzena
(98,35%), alkana (97,17%) i terpana (49,32%). Eksponencijalni model degradacije za sediment je
pokazao da je najveći stepen degradacije bio na dubinama od 8 do 10 m, sa prosečnom konstantom
degradacije od 0,227, nezavisno od početne koncentracije naftnih ugljovodonika. Ovi rezultati pokazuju
da je primenjeni in situ bioremedijacioni tretman bio vrlo efikasan u uklanjanju naftnih ugljovodonika iz
podzemne vode i sedimenta u kontaktu sa podzemnom vodom.
U drugom delu disertacije je analizirana sposobnost prirodnog zeolita, čija je površina
modifikovana pomoću kvaternarne amonijumove soli heksadeciltrimetilamonijum bromida (HDTMABr),
za adsorpciju WSF dizela iz vode. Eksperimenti adsorpcije su izvedeni korišćenjem organozeolita u
šaržnom sistemu sa početnim koncentracijama WSF dizela od 2,5 do 25 mg/L pri pH 6 i temperaturi od
20 °C. GC analiza je pokazala da je uklonjeno više od 90% WSF dizela, pri čemu je ravnoteža postignuta
nakon 1 sata. Maksimalni kapacitet adsorpcije organozeolita za uklanjanje WSF dizela iz vode iznosio
je 22,2 mg/g. Ravnotežni podaci su najbolje opisani linearnom izotermom, dok su se kinetički podaci
dobro uklopili u model pseudo-drugog reda. Prirodni zeolit i organozeolit pre i posle adsorpcije WSF-a
dizela okarakterisani su pomoću FTIR i SEM analize, kao i određivanjem zeta potencijala. Uspešnost
adsorpcije WSF-a dizela potvrđena je i dodatnim testom ekotoksičnosti. Nakon adsorpcije je sproveden
15-dnevni eksperiment biodegradacije u šaržnim uslovima. Rezultati su pokazali da je ispitivani
konzorcijum mikroorganizama, sastavljen od sojeva izolovanih i okarakterisanih u prvom delu
disertacije, razgradio 80% adsorbovane zagađujuće supstance. Dodatne respirometrijske analize
pokazale su da je, paralelno sa razgradnjom adsorbovane frakcije dizela, došlo i do razgradnje
dugolančanih HDTMA jona na površini organozeolita, odnosno do regeneracije adsorbenta.This dissertation presents an industrial-scale in situ bioremediation process of hydrocarboncontaminated
sediment and groundwater, as well as the examination of a new technological procedure
for the removal of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of diesel from water.
In situ bioremediation treatment consisted of biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and groundwater
recirculation in a closed system. For bioaugmentation, a zymogenous microbial consortium, isolated
from the contaminated sediment, was used. Following bioaugmentation, the proportion of hydrocarbondegrading
bacteria in total chemoorganoheterotrophs increased by more than 60-fold in the sediment,
while the number of hydrocarbon degraders in the groundwater was maintained between 10⁵ and 10⁸
CFU/mL. GC analysis showed an 82% reduction in the hydrocarbon content in the sediment and an
almost 100% reduction in groundwater after one year of bioremediation. GC-GC-MS analysis of the
sediment showed the order of degradation of various hydrocarbon groups: steranes (99.58%), isoprenoids
(98.39%), benzene derivatives (98.35%), alkanes (97.17%), and terpenes (49.32%). The exponential
decay model for sediment showed the greatest decomposition rate of hydrocarbons occurred at depths of
8-10 m, with an average decay constant of 0.227, independent of the initial concentration of
hydrocarbons. The results obtained show in situ bioremediation very effectively removes petroleum
pollutants from groundwater and its associated sediments.
In the second part of the dissertation, the adsorption capacity of natural zeolite, modified with the
quaternary ammonium salt hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) on the surface, for the
removal of the WSF of diesel from water was analyzed. The adsorption experiments, with initial WSF
concentrations of 2.5–25 mg/L, at pH 6 and at 20 °C, were performed in a batch system using
organozeolite. GC analysis showed that more than 90% of the WSF of diesel was removed, reaching
equilibrium after 1 h. The maximum adsorbed capacity of organozeolite for the removal of the WSF of
diesel fuel from water under the tested conditions was 22.2 mg/g. Equilibrium data were most accurately
described by a linear isotherm, whereas kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model.
The natural zeolite and organozeolite before and after adsorption of the WSF of diesel were characterizes
by FTIR and SEM analysis, as well as zeta potential measurements. The efficiency of the adsorption was
additionally confirmed by an ecotoxicity test. After the adsorption, a 15-day biodegradation experiment
was carried out under batch conditions. The results showed that the examined microbial consortium,
composed of strains isolated and characterized in the first part of the dissertation, degraded 80% of the
adsorbed contaminant. Additional respirometric analyses showed that, in parallel with the degradation of
the adsorbed diesel fraction, the degradation of the long-chain HDTMA ions at the surface of the
organozeolite also occurred, i.e. the adsorbent was regenerate
Population characteristics and conservation status of the species Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) in the aquatic ecosystems of Serbia
No full textDvoprugasta uklija (Alburnoides bipunctatus, Bloch, 1782) je mala, reofilna vrsta
ribe (fam. Leuciscidae), široko rasprostranjena u vodenim ekosistemima Srbije.
Naseljava heterogena staništa, uključujući i zagađena. U pojedinim delovima areala
rasprostranjenja, vrsta je kritično ugrožena iako globalno ima status LC (najmanja
zabrinutost). U ovom istraživanju analizirane su karakteristike populacija i
odgovori na antropogene stresore i klimatske promene, s ciljem procene
konzervacionog statusa dvoprugaste uklije u Srbiji. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 71
reku u periodu 2003–2021. Rezultati ukazuju na stabilne populacije sa dobrom
kondicijom, prisutnim pozitivnim alometrijskim rastom i dominacijom mlađih
uzrasnih klasa, što ukazuje na reproduktivnu stabilnost uprkos uticaju stresora.
Obrasci distribucije povezani su sa temperaturom i kvalitetom vode, uz toleranciju
na povišene vrednosti elektroprovodljivosti. Dobijeni nalazi doprineli su razvoju
Clim komponente za procenu uticaja klimatskih promena. Vrsta predstavlja modelorganizam za proučavanje uticaja antropogenih stresora i klimatskih promena, kao i
potencijalni indikator stanja vodenih ekosistema na lokalnom i regionalnom nivou.
Integracijom u izvorni ESHIPPOfishing razvijen je ESHIPPOClim model, koji
procenjuje otpornost i adaptivni potencijal vrste. Model omogućava procenu uticaja
pojedinačnih stresora i tumačenje složenih ekoloških obrazaca. U cilju validacije
strukture modela i unapređenja prediktivne moći primenjeni su algoritmi mašinskog
učenja. Dvoprugasta uklija je potvrđena kao pouzdan indikator, koja brzim promenama u
ponašanju omogućava rano otkrivanje promena u ekosistemu. Procenjena otpornost i
adaptabilnost dodatno naglašava značaj vrste u monitoringu i očuvanju biodiverziteta
u uslovima klimatskih i antropogenih stresora.The spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus, Bloch, 1782) is a small leuciscid, rheophilic fish
species widely distributed across Serbian rivers, inhabiting heterogeneous freshwater habitats.
Although globally listed as Least Concern (LC), its conservation status varies to vulnerable or
critically endangered in some parts of its range. This study analyzed long-term population
characteristics and ecological traits of spirlin in Serbian rivers (2003–2021) to assess its
conservation status and evaluate its responses to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. Results
indicate sustainable populations with good condition and vitality, positive allometric growth,
and dominance of younger age classes, suggesting reproductive stability under cumulative
environmental stressors. Spatial distribution patterns were associated with thermal regimes and
water quality, with observed tolerance to elevated conductivity. These findings contributed to
the development of a Clim component for assessing climate change impacts. Its integration into
the original ESHIPPOfishing model resulted in an enhanced version ESHIPPOClim, enabling
classification of species resilience and ecological responsiveness. The model also supports
assessment of individual stressor effects and interpretation of complex ecological patterns. To
validate the model and improve predictive performance, artificial intelligence tools and
machine learning algorithms were applied. Spirlin is confirmed as a reliable indicator species,
whose ecological flexibility and spatial responsiveness support early detection of ecological
shifts. Spirlin’s adaptability potential reinforces its value in data-driven freshwater monitoring
and biodiversity conservation strategies under diverse environmental stressors including
climate change
Quality of life of children with speech disorders and their families
No full textPod uticajem brojnih životnih faktora, govor stalno trpi promene, što za posledicu
može imati narušavanje govora dece, pri čemu roditelji relativno kasno prepoznaju
ili uopšte ne uoče govorno-jezička odstupanja, što utiče na pravovremeno započinjanje
tretmana, a samim time i na njegov ishod. Naša studija se bavi ispitivanjem različitih
domena kvaliteta života dece sa govornim poremećajima i bez govornih poremećaja, kao
i njihovih roditelja, odnosno staratelja. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u vidu
prospektivne studije preseka, na uzorku od 206 dece predškolskog uzrasta 5 do 7 godina
i njihovih roditelja/staratelja. Kao instrument istraživanja, pored Opšteg upitnika
o sociodemografskim karakteristikama ispitanika korišćeni su i upitnici za
procenu kvaliteta života dece i roditelja/staratelja: Upitnik Kiddy-KINDL – verzija
za decu, Upitnik Kiddy-KINDL – verzija za roditelje i Skala kvaliteta života
porodice (Family Quality of Life Survey (FQOL)). Poremećaj artikulacije otkriven je kod
78,2% dece. Od pet domena kvaliteta života porodice, značaj je utvrđen u domenu
porodične interakcije u pogledu podrške, podrške u vezi sa invaliditetom i
bezbednosti porodice. Što se tiče domena fizičkog/materijalnog blagostanja, utvrđen
je značaj za domene stomatološke nege i roditeljstva. Nisu nađene razlike u domenu
emocionalnog blagostanja. Rezultati istraživanja će poslužiti za kreiranje
edukativnih programa kojima će se podsticati pozitivni stavovi roditelja i dece o
logopedskim intervencijama, što predstavlja značajan preduslov za uspešno saniranje
govornih poremećaja i poboljšanje porodičnog kvaliteta života.Under the influence of numerous life factors, speech constantly undergoes changes, which can
result in impaired children's speech, which is why parents recognize speech-language
deviations relatively late or do not cause them at all. its outcome. Our study examines different
domains of the quality of life of children with speech disorders and without speech disorders,
as well as their parents or guardians. The research was conducted in the form of a prospective
cross-sectional study, on a sample of 206 children of preschool age 5 years old 7 years and their
parents/guardians. As a research instrument, in addition to the General Questionnaire on the
sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, questionnaires were also used to assess
the quality of life of children and parents/guardians: the Kiddy-KINDL Questionnaire - version
for children, the Kiddy-KINDL Questionnaire - version for parents and the Family Quality of
Life Survey (FQOL). Articulation disorder was detected in 78.2% of children. From the five
domains of family quality of life, significance was found in the domain of family interaction
regarding the support, support related to disability, and family safety. Regarding the
physical/material well-being domain, the significance was found for dental care and parenting
domains. No differences were found in the domain of emotional well-being. The results of the
research will be used to create educational programs that will encourage positive attitudes of
parents and children about speech therapy interventions, which is a significant prerequisite for
successfully remediating speech disorders and improving family quality of life
Onomatopoeia in comics and other genres
No full textPredmet analize ove doktorske disertacije jeste istraživanje jezičko-stilskih
osobenosti semantičkih struktura onomatopejskih jedinica i prevodilačkih postupaka, koji
se primenjuju u savremenom srpskom jeziku. Istraživački korpus obuhvata originalne
francuske stripove, kao što su Astérix, Tintin, Iznogoud, Lucky Luke i Les Schtroumpfs i njihove
srpske prevode. Uz ovo, analizirani su i pažljivo odabrani prozni tekstovi domaćih i
stranih pisaca, što nam je omogućilo uporednu analizu stilskih osobenosti onomatopeja u
različitim žanrovskim kontekstima.
Metodološki okvir ove disertacije zasnovan je na četvoroaspekatskom pristupu, koji
podrazumeva fonološki, grafološki, semantičko-pragmatički i stilistički aspekt
istraživanja. Posebna pažnja posvećena je odnosu između zvučnih i vizuelnih komponenata u
stripu, budući da onomatopeje u okviru ovog medija deluju kao simbioza leksičkog i grafičkog
sloja, što kao posledicu ima specifičnu formu ikoničnosti, koju prozni žanrovi ne mogu
u potpunosti preneti.
Sistematična semantička analiza omogućila je izdvajanje jedanaest podtipova
onomatopeja prema primarnom proizvođaču zvuka, u okviru postojeće klasifikacije svih
modela i podmodela upravnog i neupravnog govora, što dodatno olakšava praćenje njihove
stilske upotrebe i pragmatičkog potencijala.
Analiza prevodilačkih postupaka ukazala je na tehniku transkodiranja kao dominantnu
strategiju, uz značajne fonološke i grafičke adaptacije.
U okviru disertacije, empirijski su potvrđene sve polazne hipoteze. Dokazano je da je
razgraničenje onomatopeja u odnosu na uzvike najpouzdaniji kriterijum njihove lingvističke
klasifikacije, kao i da onomatopeje često predstavljaju važnu komponentu individualnog
stila pojedinih autora. Takođe, konstrastivnom analizom je potvrđeno da srpski prevodi
stripova sadrže znatno bogatiji i raznovrsniji onomatopejski fond od francuskih
originala. Iako kulturološka uslovljenost zvukova ograničava univerzalno prevođenje, ona
istovremeno podstiče prevodioce na kreativne i originalne adaptacije.
Ovo istraživanje pruža značajan doprinos boljem razumevanju zvučno-vizuelne
ikoničnosti onomatopejskih jedinica i proširuje postojeća znanja u oblasti lingvistike
stripa. Pored toga, otvara prostor za buduće multimodalne i prevodilačke analize, ukazujući
na potrebu za dubljim razumevanjem uloge onomatopeja u dinamičnom kontekstu savremene
komunikacije.The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the analysis of linguistic and stylistic features,
semantic structures of onomatopoeic units, and translation procedures applied in contemporary
Serbian language. The research corpus includes original French comics such as Astérix, Tintin, Iznogoud,
Lucky Luke, and Les Schtroumpfs, alongside their Serbian translations. Additionally, selected prose texts
by domestic and foreign authors were analyzed allowing for a comparative examination of stylistic
characteristics of onomatopoeia within different genre contexts.
The methodological framework of this dissertation is based on four-aspect approach,
encompassing phonological, graphological, semantic-pragmatic, and stylistic dimensions. Special
attention is given to the relationship between acoustic and visual components within comics,
considering that in this medium, onomatopoeia functions as a symbiosis of lexical and graphic layers,
resulting in a specific form of iconicity which prose genres cannot fully replicate.
Systematic semantic analysis enabled the identification of eleven subtypes of onomatopoeia,
classified according to the primary sound producer, within the existing classification of all models and
submodels of direct and indirect speech, facilitating further tracking of their stylistic usage and
pragmatic potential.
The analysis of translation procedures identified transcoding as the dominant strategy,
accompanied by significant phonological and graphic adaptations.
Within this dissertation, all initial hypotheses were empirically verified. It was demonstrated
that the distinction between onomatopoeia and interjections represents the most reliable criterion for
linguistic classification, and that onomatopoeias frequently constitute a significant component of
individual authors’ styles. Contrastive analysis further confirmed that Serbian translations of comics
possess a considerably richer and more diverse inventory of onomatopoeais compared to the French
originals. Although the cultural conditioning of sounds limits universal translatability, it simultaneously
encourages translators towards creative and original adaptations.
This research significantly contributes to a deeper understanding of the sound-visual iconicity
of onomatopoeic units and expands existing knowledge in the field of comics linguistics. Moreover,
it opens up opportunities for future multimodal and translation analyses, highlighting the necessity for
deeper comprehension of the role of onomatopoeia within the dynamic context of contemporary
communication
МicroRNA 223 in seminal fluid as a biomarker of prostate cancer
No full textIntroduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men, both globally and in our country. Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in Europe and worldwide, while it is the leading cancer in parts of Africa and North America. In 2020, prostate cancer mortality was around 375,000 cases (the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality globally), with the highest rates in African and Caribbean countries. Early detection of the disease (localized disease) compared to late-stage detection when the malignancy has spread (metastatic disease) contributes to higher cure rates and lower treatment costs. The five year survival rate for patients with localized disease, compared to those with metastatic disease is 97% versus 30%. According to data from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut," in 2021, 2,253 new cases were diagnosed in Serbia (incidence rate of 58.3), and 978 patients died from prostate cancer (mortality rate of 29.4). Various risk factors contribute to the development of prostate cancer, ranging from hereditary conditions to lifestyle choices. The diagnosis of prostate cancer is a crucial predictor of subsequent treatment strategies. Early disease detection also contributes to longer patient survival without limiting factors. Biomarkers are gradually being introduced into the guidelines for early diagnosis. To date, the only accepted marker for diagnosis is PCA3, obtained from urine. Numerous studies focus on the molecular level, particularly microRNAs from blood and urine. A smaller number of studies mention microRNA 223 in seminal fluid as an isolated marker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. It is also noted in the literature that microRNA 223 has diagnostic value for prostate cancer. Additionally, microRNA 223 is mentioned in studies related to prostate cancer progression and other malignancies. The treatment of prostate cancer is complex and depends on several factors (disease stage, patient’s overall condition, comorbidities), ranging from active surveillance, watchful waiting, radiotherapy, surgery, to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, the Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, the Center for Laboratory Medicine, and the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad as a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 90 male patients divided into three groups. One group consisted of patients with histopathologically verified prostate cancer and PSA levels up to 10 ng/ml ("PCa" group). The second group consisted of patients with histopathologically verified benign prostatic hyperplasia and PSA in the "gray zone" (4.01 - 10.00 ng/ml) ("BPH" group). The third group consisted of healthy patients with PSA levels within the reference range (0.05 – 4.00 ng/ml) ("Control" group). In all three groups, the presence absence and levels of microRNA 223 in seminal fluid samples obtained using Real-Time PCR were monitored. Results: Out of 90 tested patients whose samples were tested for microRNA 223, the result was positive in 67 (74.44%) patients, while 23 (25.56%) patients had a negative result. Patients in the BPH and Control groups were statistically significantly more likely to test positive for microRNA 223 compared to patients with confirmed prostate cancer (χ2=14.134; p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of microRNA 223 presence between patients with BPH and Control patients. Additionally, a statistically significant moderate correlation between the examined variables (C=0.326) was found. Conclusion: Patients with confirmed prostate cancer were statistically significantly less likely to be positive for microRNA 223 compared to the Control and BPH groups. Patients in the BPH group were statistically more likely to be positive for microRNA 223, than patients in the PCa group. Patients in the BPH and Control groups were statistically more likely to be positive for microRNA 223 than patients in the PCa group. Based on the conducted research and obtained results, it can be concluded that there is no statistically significant correlation between PSA values and the detection of microRNA 223. The absence of microRNA 223 proved to be a good predictor for evaluating the occurrence of PCa. Patients with a negative result of the miR 223 test are 6.50 times more likely to develop PCa than healthy patients and patients with BPH. Therefore, the introduction of this testing into clinical practice can be recommended.Uvod: Karcinom prostate predstavlja jedan od najčešće zastupljenih maligniteta kod muškaraca, kako u svetu tako i u našoj zemlji. Prema epidemiološkim studijama karcinom prostate je drugi najčešće dijagnostikovani tumor kod muškaraca u Evropi i svetu, dok je u delovima Afrike i Severnoj Americi na prvom mestu. Mortalitet od ove maligne bolesti u 2020. godini je iznosio oko 375000 slučajeva (šesti po redu uzrok mortaliteta u svetu), a najčešće u afričkim i karipskim zemljama. Rano otkrivanje oboljenja (lokalizovana bolest) u poređenju sa otkrivenjem u kasnijoj fazi kada je maligna bolest raširena (metastatska bolest), doprinosi većoj stopi izlečenja, a samim tim i manjim troškovima lečenja. Stopa petogodišnjeg preživljavanja kod pacijenata sa lokalizovanom bolešću u poređenju sa metastatskom bolešću iznosi 97% : 30%. Prema dostupnim podacima sa Instituta za javno zdravlje Srbije „dr Milan Jovanović Batut“ u Srbiji je u 2021. godini dijagnostikovano 2253 novobolelih (stopa incidencije 58,3), a 978 pacijenata je preminulo od karcinoma prostate (stopa mortaliteta 29,4). Više faktora rizika doprinosi nastanku karcinoma prostate. Od naslednih bolesti do samog stila života. Dijagnostika karcinoma prostate je veoma važan prediktor daljeg načina lečenja. Rano otrkivanje bolesti doprinosi i dužem životnom veku pacijenata bez ograničavajućih faktora. Biomarkeri se polako uvode u Vodič za ranu dijagnostiku. Do sada jedino je PCA3 marker koji se dobija iz urina prihvaćen za dijagnostiku. Mnoštvo literature se bazira na ispitivanja na molekularnom nivou- mikroRNK iz krvi i urina. Do sada manji broj radova pominje mikroRNK 223 u semenoj tečnosti kao izolovani marker za ranu dijagnostiku karcinoma prostate. Takođe, iz objavljenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je dokazano da mikroRNK 223 ima dijagnostičku vrednost za karcinom prostate. MikroRNK 223 se takođe pominje i u radovima koji su povezani sa progresijom karcinoma prostate, a i sa drugim malignim bolestima. Lečenje karcinoma prostate je kompleksno. U zavisnosti od više faktora (stadijuma bolesti, opšteg stanja pacijenta, komorbiditeta) lečenje može biti u vidu: aktivnog praćenja, ekspektativnog stava u lečenju, radioterapije, hirurgije i hemioterapije. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Univerzitetskom kliničkom centru Vojvodine, Klinici i Poliklinici za urologiju, Centru za laboratorijsku medicinu i Medicinskom fakultetu u Novom Sadu kao studija preseka. Studijsku populaciju sačinjava 90 pacijenata (muškaraca). Podeljeni su u tri grupe. Jednu grupu sačinjavali su ispitanici koji imaju patohistološki verifikovan karcinom prostate i PSA vrednosti do 10 ng/ml-„KP“. Drugu grupu sačinjavali su ispitanici koji imaju patohistološki verifikovanu benignu hiperplaziju prostate i PSA vrednosti u „sivoj zoni“ (od 4,01 - 10,00 ng/ml)- „BHP“. Treću grupu sačinjavali su zdravi pacijenti sa vrednostima PSA u referentom opsegu (0,05 – 4,00 ng/ml)- „Z“. U sve tri grupe je praćeno prisustvo/odsustvo i Ct vrednosti mikroRNK 223 iz uzoraka semene tečnosti koje su dobijeni na Real-time PCR aparatu. Rezultati: Od 90 testiranih pacijenata čiji uzorci su testirani na mikroRNK 223 nalaz je bio pozitivan kod 67 (74,44%) pacijenata, dok je negativan nalaz imalo 23 (25,56%) pacijenta. Pacijenti u BHP grupi i Z pacijenti su bili statistički značajno češće pozitivni na mikroRNK223 u odnosu na pacijente sa dokazanim KP (χ2=14,134; p=0,001). Ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u učestalosti prisustva mikroRNK 223 između pacijenata sa BHP i Z pacijenata. Takođe, postoji statistički značajna umereno visoka korelacija između ispitivanih varijabli (S=0,326). Zaključak: Pacijenti sa dokazanim KP su statistički značajno češće bili negativni na mikroRNK 223 u odnosu na grupe Z i BHP. Pacijenti u BHP grupi su statistički značajno češće bili pozitivni na mikroRNK 223 poredeći sa pacijentima iz KP grupe. Pacijenti u grupama BHP i Z su statistički značajno češće bili pozitivni na mikroRNK 223 poredeći sa pacijentima iz KP grupe. Prema sprovedenom istraživanju i dobijenim rezultatima može se zaključiti da ne postoji statistička značajnost korelacije PSA vrednosti i prisustva mikroRNK 223. Negativan nalaz na prisustvo mikroRNK 223 se pokazao kao dobar prediktor za procenu pojave KP. Pacijenti sa negativnim nalazom mikroRNK 223 testa imaju 6,50 puta veću verovatnoću da razviju KP u odnosu na zdrave pacijente i pacijente sa BHP, što govori u prilog uvođenju ovog testiranja u kliničku praksu.</p