11707 research outputs found
Sort by
Persuasion with simplistic worldviews
No full textWe study a Bayesian persuasion model with two-dimensional states of the world, in which the sender (she) and receiver (he) have heterogeneous prior beliefs and care about different dimensions. The receiver is a naive agent who has a simplistic worldview : while he knows the correct marginal distributions of the dimensions, he ignores the dependency between the two dimensions of the state. As a benchmark, we first characterize optimal disclosure when the receiver is rational, i.e. when the receiver knows the correct prior distribution and thus shares a common prior with the sender. Then, we provide a characterization for the sender’s gain from persuasion when the receiver is naive, and contrast our results to the benchmark. Finally, we show that the receiver benefits from having a simplistic worldview if and only if it makes him perceive the states in which his interest is aligned with the sender as less likely
Beszámoló az AIB-CEE fejezet 10thkonferenciájáról: Navigálás új világokban bizonytalan időkben
No full textA Budapesti Corvinus Egyetemen megrendezett, 10. évfordulós AIB-CEE Chapter konferencián 26 ország 121 résztvevője vett részt 17 témakörben, hogy megvitassák a nemzetközi üzleti élet változó helyzetét. A plenáris ülések fő témái között szerepelt a nemzetköziesedési elméletek újraértékelése, különösen az Uppsala-modell korlátai a digitális korszakban, valamint a multinacionális vállalatok szerepe a szabályozási keretek és a fenntarthatósági kezdeményezések alakításában. A viták rá-világítottak a Born Global cégek és a digitalizált üzleti modellek növekvő befolyására, amelyek megkérdőjelezik a fokozatos nemzetközi terjeszkedésről alkotott hagyományos nézeteket. Az iparági meglátások, különösen az OTP Bank részéről, a platformalapú stratégiák, a fenntarthatóságot célzó pénzügyi termékek és a cégek szabályozói környezetben betöltött növekvő szerepe felé történő elmozdulást hangsúlyozták. Emellett szó esett arról is, hogy a multinacionális vállalatok hogyan navigálnak az intézményi korlátok között, hogyan járulnak hozzá a szakpolitikák kialakításához, és hogyan használják ki a digitalizációt a versenyelőny érdekében. Az elméleti vitákon túl a konferencián különböző panelbeszélgetések zajlottak, többek között a fenntarthatóság, a digitalizáció, a jövőre való felkészültség és a támogatások alkalmazása a közép-kelet-európai országokban témakörökben. A kiemelt workshopok a hálózatépítő ülések, a dokumentumfejlesztés és a módszertani ülések között mozogtak
Black Mountains and White Deserts – Why are copper mining waste materials not utilised for other products and economic diversification in Zambia?
No full textCopper mining negatively affects the natural and human environment, pushes mineral-rich economies towards dependence on the extractive sector and generates vast amounts of waste materials. In Zambia, the focus country for this study, copper mining slag is piled up in enormous black mountains. At the same time, mine tailings are released into whitish lagoons, removing thousands of hectares from other activities. Meanwhile, the local road infrastructure is still poor, and there are many reports about a housing crisis and development based on the potential of the copper treasures, which is invisible. Therefore, inspired by industrial symbiosis, a circular economy model, this report explored why copper mining waste materials are not utilised for producing other goods. Industrial symbiosis is when companies use other firms’ waste or by-product materials. Based on metallurgy and mineral sciences literature, several “destination” products could be made from these waste materials, such as concrete, cement, and ceramics. Semi-structured and unstructured interviews were employed to collect data from mining companies, potential destination firms, experts, and researchers who studied mining and waste materials. Results are presented in different categories (knowledge-related, technological, economic and legal issues) influencing the utilisation of waste materials for other purposes. The main argument and recommendation for policymakers is setting up a mineral content baseline in the materials below, which other industries can use. This intervention would contribute to economic diversification, research and innovation and free mining companies from significant financial and management burdens
Art as a Channel and Embodiment of Symbolic Interaction Between Migrants and Non‐Migrants
Get PDFMany non‐migrant politicians, journalists, and scholars in migrant‐ destination societies often represent migrants with self‐interested objectives and in specific instrumental ways based on stereotypes. Yet research on symbolic interaction reveals migrants are not passive victims. They actively and strategically shape their interactions with non‐migrants. The artwork produced by Chinese migrant artists becomes a non‐verbal channel through which the migrant can convey such challenges to non‐migrants who can more empathetically appreciate these challenges. By analyzing the artwork and narratives of first‐generation migrant artists, I show how art highlights various challenges that migrants confront in their process of immigration, like enduring physical pain, conforming to the institutions of the host society, navigating language barriers, confronting regular cultural clashes, accepting social estrangement, and coping with double consciousness. This paper shows how migrant art can serve as a semiotic object that reveals important features of past symbolic interactions between migrants and non‐migrants and offers a channel through which non‐migrants can potentially empathize more with migrants' experiences
Development and testing the psychometric properties of 20 bolt-on items for the EQ-5D-5L across 31 rare diseases
Get PDFObjective:
Our objective was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of relevant bolt-on items for the EQ-5D-5L in patients with rare diseases (RDs).
Methods:
Nineteen new EQ-5D-5L bolt-ons were developed based on literature review, expert input and qualitative interviews and focus groups with patients, caregivers and representatives of patient associations. A nationwide, cross-sectional, web-based survey in China included patients or caregivers of patients with 31 RDs in China (n=9,190). In each RDs, participants completed the EQ-5D-5L and three out of 20 [one existing and 19 newly-developed] bolt-ons. Ceiling, explanatory power, convergent, divergent and known-group validity were examined.
Results:
Among the bolt-ons, itching had the lowest ceiling (6.5%), while social relationships had the highest (42.2%). The absolute reduction in the ceiling of the EQ-5D-5L with the addition of any bolt-ons was limited, ranging from 0 (respiratory problems) to 8.3%-points (isolation). Dignity and vitality resulted in the largest increase in explained variance in EQ VAS. The isolation, fertility and visual acuity bolt-ons showed good divergent validity from the EQ-5D-5L items. There was strong convergent validity between SF-12 and conceptually-related bolt-ons (e.g., physical health composite and muscle problems bolt-on). Various bolt-ons improved the known-groups validity in specific patient groups, e.g., Huntington’s disease (oral expressions), scleroderma (dexterity), myasthenia gravis (muscle problems), neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis (fatigue), Marfan syndrome (self-image) and Pompe disease (safety).
Conclusion:
The EQ-5D-5L shows sufficient validity in most RDs, but incorporating relevant specific bolt-ons could enhance its ability to more comprehensively assess health-related quality of life in these patients
Impact of institutional change programs on digital and sustainable public sector governance
Get PDFPurpose:
Institutional change (IC) programs in the public sector are often driven by sustainability and digitalisation as contextual factors, contributing to the development of digital and sustainable governance (DSG) systems. This study aims to explore the longitudinal impact of ICs on DSG advancements.
Design/methodology/approach:
We collected and analysed data of 200 public sector organisations in two European countries and conducted a longitudinal analysis, focusing on the impact of European Union-funded IC programs.
Findings:
Results show that steps towards digital governance (DG) are demonstrably linked to environmental efforts, and EU-funded IC programs could have a long-term positive impact on digital and environmentally sustainable governance in Europe. Findings, however, highlight the unbalanced nature of sustainability governance, as environmental and policy-related conditions and activities seem to be overemphasised.
Practical implications:
Environmental policy seems to be established, but future DG initiatives should consider more environmental polity conditions and activities (e.g. dedicated departments), as well as economic and social sustainability to ensure well-balanced governance systems.
Originality/value:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores empirically how prior IC programs affect future DSG in the public sector
A hallgatói jelentkezési számok mögött meghúzódó indokok vizsgálata a felsőoktatási szolgáltatásminőség tükrében
Get PDFA felsőoktatás napjainkban számos kihívással szembesül, amelyek közül az egyik legjelentősebb a hallgatói létszám változása a különböző képzési területeken. A vizsgált egyetemen a szakirányú továbbképzésekre jelentkezők száma emelkedett, míg a mesterképzések iránti érdeklődés csökkent a COVID-19-et követő időszakban. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy kimondottan a szolgáltatásminőség dimenziók vizsgálatán keresztül tárja fel a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Karán a szakirányú továbbképzések iránti megnövekedett érdeklődés és a mesterképzések alacsonyabb jelentkezési száma mögött meghúzódó okokat. Kvalitatív fókuszcsoportos megkérdezések alapján, valamint a SERVQUAL-módszer alkalmazásával kérdőíves felmérést végeztek a szerzők. Az eredmények arra utalnak, hogy a szakirányú továbbképzések iránti érdeklődés főként a konkrét munkaerőpiaci igényekhez kapcsolódik, míg a mesterképzések esetében inkább a látókör szélesítése és a tudásbővítés a fő motiváció. Mindkét csoport esetében magasabbak voltak az elvárások az észlelt szolgáltatásminőségnél, ami számos fejlesztési javaslatot vet fel az egyetemi kar számára
Quantifying behavior-based gender discrimination on collaborative platforms
Get PDFDigital collaborative platforms have become crucial venues of career advancement and individual success in many creative fields, from engineering to the arts. Gender discrimination related to behavioral choices of users is a key component to gendered disadvantage on platforms. Such platforms carried the promise of opening avenues of advancement to previously discriminated groups, such as women, as platforms lack managerial gatekeepers with conventional prejudice. We analyzed the extent of behavior-based gender discrimination on two digital platforms, GitHub and Behance, focused on software development and fine arts and design. We found that the main cause of women's disadvantage in attention, success, and survival is largely due to the gender typicality of their behavior that varies between 60-90% of the total disadvantage of women. Men and women are penalized if they follow highly female-like behavior, while categorical gender is no longer significant. As platforms employ algorithmic tools and AI systems to manage users' activity and visibility, and recommend new projects to collaborate, stereotypes associated with behavior can have long-lasting consequences
The soft power cost of COVID-19 in OECD countries : a lose–lose outcome for China and the United States
Get PDFOne way in which many scholars of public opinion have operationalized a country’s soft power abroad is to measure how favorably that country is viewed by people in foreign countries. While earlier research has demonstrated the mechanisms and factors correlated with how foreigners perceive a country, much less is known about how sudden and unexpected global events may impact how favorably citizens of different countries view another country. Analyzing recent Pew Global Attitudes Survey data, we assess how the COVID-19 pandemic changed public opinions of China and the United States—with Russia as a reference—in 12 OECD countries. Our analysis reveals that COVID-19 led to a decline in favorability toward both the US and China—the ‘soft power cost’ of COVID-19. While the cost is larger for China than for the US in most countries, we observe exceptions in Germany, Italy, and South Korea. We also explore the heterogeneity of the soft power cost by respondents’ individual attributes and other attitudes such as how COVID-19 impacted their lives
Development of updated population norms for the SF-36 for Hungary and comparison with 1997–1998 norms
Get PDFBackground
Hungarian SF-36 population norm data were last collected in 1997–1998 and have not been updated since, reducing their relevance and limiting their usability and comparability. This study aimed to establish contemporary normative data for the SF-36 domain and standardised summary scores in Hungary and compare them to the previous population norms.
Methods
An online cross-sectional survey, including the SF-36v1, was conducted among 1,700 members of the Hungarian adult general population in 2020. The sample demonstrated good representativeness across key sociodemographic characteristics. Normative data were calculated for domains using raw scores and for summary scores using country-specific factor score coefficients derived from exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the association of domain and summary scores with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Raw domain scores were compared with the 1997–1998 norms.
Results
Males reported higher scores (better health) in seven out of eight domains (p < 0.001). Mean standardised PCS scores decreased, whereas MCS scores increased with age (p < 0.001). Compared to the 1997–1998 population norms, the 18–24 and 25–34 age groups reported lower, while the 65+ age group reported higher scores in all eight domains. Higher scores were reported in 2020 from the 35–44 age group onward on the role physical, bodily pain, social functioning, and role emotional domains.
Conclusions
This study established contemporary population norms for the SF-36 in Hungary. Our results highlight the changes in health status in the general population, particularly in young adults, compared to the 1997–1998 population norms, and provide valuable input to inform decision-makers