International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Calidad de vida laboral de los terapeutas ocupacionales durante la pandemia Covid-19
Get PDFIntroduction: Stress is an aggravating factor for health and a major contributor to the onset of diseases. The pandemic has become a situation no one would forget, above all, working in Geriatrics where it is hitting hard. Objective: To collect information about the repercussions of the Burnout Syndrome on the quality of life at work of Occupational Therapists working in the field of geriatrics in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura during the pandemic. Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in 50 occupational therapists that accepted to be part of it in an anonymous and voluntary way. Information was collected through an ad hoc survey of 20 questions to assess the employment situation of the professionals in June, July and August 2020. Results: After data analysis, we can confirm that symptoms of nervousness were found in the 70% of the workers, and of fatigue in the 80% over one to two days of the week. 52,0% consider it necessary to add another Occupational Therapist to reduce excessive labor load and emotional involvement and thus be able to carry out quality interventions. Also, depending on the number of years they’ve been working, the workers show different stages of the syndrome, predominating the stage of enthusiasm and the stage of stagnation of the Burnout Syndrome. Conclusions: This study shows that Occupational Therapists who work in Geriatric Residences in Extremadura have Burnout Syndrome, so their personal and labor life is being affected.Introducción: El estrés es un factor agravante para la salud y principal contribuyente de la aparición de enfermedades. Durante la pandemia se están viviendo situaciones que nadie olvidará, más aún cuando se trabaja en el ámbito de la geriatría, donde ha azotado con fuerza. Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones del Síndrome de Burnout sobre la calidad de vida de los terapeutas ocupacionales que trabajan en el ámbito geriátrico de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (España) durante la pandemia. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra de 50 terapeutas ocupacionales que quisieron participar de manera voluntaria y anónima. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario ad hoc constituido por 20 preguntas que valoraban la situación laboral de los profesionales durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto de 2020.Resultados: Tras el análisis de los datos podemos confirmar que se obtuvieron síntomas de nerviosismo en un 70% y de fatiga en un 80% en al menos 1 o 2 días laborables a la semana. El 52,0% considera necesario el aumento decompañerosterapeutas ocupacionale sen plantilla para reducir la excesiva implicación laboral y emocional y así poder realizar intervenciones de calidad. Además, dependiendo de los años trabajados, los trabajadores presentan diferentes etapas de estrés, predominando la etapa de entusiasmo y la de estancamiento del Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusión: Este trabajo muestra que los Terapeutas Ocupacionales que están trabajando en el área de Geriatría de Residencias de Mayores de Extremadura están experimentando el Síndrome de Burnout, lo cual afecta a su trabajo y a su vida personal en general
Perspectiva temporal futura y metas de vida en adolescentes estudiantes de nivel medio
Get PDFIn the current investigation we are going to examine the relationships between the Future temporal perspective and the Life goals in adolescent students in high school. The study was conducted with 110 students from high schools fromthe province of Buenos Aires. In order to collect data, we carried out a sociodemographic survey, as well as using the local adaptation of Zimbardo Time Perspective inventory by Galarraga and Stover (2016) and the Life goals scale by Cattaneo & Schmidt (2014). The results show that the people with a present hedonist orientation enjoy the present, avoid responsibilities and have solidary aspirations. In a negative attitude towards the present, adolescents tend to conform, while this would not be the case with those with a negative attitude towards the past. Besides, there is no evidence of goals in relation to the future in both time orientations. In the future orientation, training is not a means to achieve goals for adolescents. As far as ages are concerned, we found significant differences, with the youngest showing affective goals and a present and fatalistic hedonist orientation. The future electro mechanic graduates unlike the future master builders’ graduates expect to get a well-paid job as a result of their degree. We conclude that the goals set by adolescents vary according to the time orientation that prevails over them.En la presente investigación se examinarán las relaciones entre la Perspectiva temporal futura y las Metas de vida en adolescentes estudiantes de nivel medio. Se trabajó con 110 estudiantes de escuelas secundarias de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utilizó para la recolección de datos una encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, la adaptación local del inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo realizada por Galarraga y Stover (2016) y la escala de Metas de Vida de Cattaneo & Schmidt (2014). Los resultados indican que las personas que se orientan al presente hedonista disfrutan del momento presente, evitan responsabilidades y presentan aspiraciones de tipo solidarias,entre otras metas. En laactitud negativa haciael presentelosadolescentestienden aconformarse, pero esto no sucedería con aquellos que se orientan negativamente hacia el pasado. Además, en ambas orientaciones temporales no se evidencian metas que impliquen una planificación real hacia el futuro. En la orientación al futuro capacitarse para los adolescentes no constituirá un medio para lograr metas. Con relación a la edad se hallaron diferencias significativas, los de menor edad presentan metas afectivas y se orientaron al presente hedonista y fatalista. Los futuros egresados en electromecánica a diferencia de los futuros maestros mayores de obra estiman obtener un trabajo bien remunerado a partir del título obtenido. Se concluye que las metas establecidas por los adolescentes varían en función de la orientación temporal que prevalezca sobre ellos
Desconfortos vivenciados por mulheres submetidas a histerectomia
Get PDFBackground: The confrontation, by the woman/couple, of the need to undergo through an hysterectomy is not always easy.. Different problems experienced may push towards this decision, even though doubts and concerns about what you may experience after hysterectomy are still present. Objective: to know the discomfort experienced by women who undergo hysterectomy. Methodology: Exploratory and descriptive qualitative study. Ten women who underwent hysterectomy belonging to a Primary Health Care Unit in the Northern Region of Portugal participated. A semi-structured interview in the last quarter of 2018, was used, followed by the verbatim transcription of the interviews and qualitative data analysis, as proposed by Bardin, with the help of QSR NVivo in version 12, qualitative research software. The Ethics Committee authorized the study to be carried out and all ethical procedures required for a study of this nature were complied with. The data presented are part of a larger study in the context of the experiences of women undergoing hysterectomy. Results: Three emerging categories are presented: “Problems presented by women before the hysterectomy” consisting of nine subcategories, with haemorrhages, tumours, and the risk of cancer being the most mentioned; “Discomfort manifested by women after hysterectomy” consisting of six subcategories, of which vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse and altered body image stand out; and the category “Nurses attitudes valued by the women” , with four subcategories, including helping to overcome and treating them well. Conclusions: if on the one hand hysterectomy solves gynaecological problems presented by women, increasing their well-being and quality of life, on the other hand it also confronts them with the appearance of new discomforts, for which they did not always feel prepared.Enquadramento: O confronto com a necessidade de ter que se submeter a histerectomia nem sempre é fácil por parte da mulher/casal. Diferentes problemas vivenciados, poderão empurrar para essa decisão, mesmo pairando no andar dúvidas e preocupações quanto ao que poderá vir a sentir pós-histerectomia. Objetivos: conhecer os desconfortos vivenciados pelas mulheres que se submetem a histerectomia. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório e descritivo de natureza qualitativa. Foram participantes dez mulheres submetidas a histerectomia pertencentes a uma Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Primários da Região Norte de Portugal. Recorreu-se à entrevista semiestruturada, no último trimestre de 2018, tendo-se procedido à transcrição do verbatim das entrevistas e análise qualitativa dos dados, como proposto por Bardin, com ajuda do QSR NVivo na sua versão 12, software de investigação qualitativa. Foi obtida a autorização para a realização do estudo por parte de Comissão de Ética e cumprido todos os procedimentos éticos exigidos a um estudo desta natureza. Os dados apresentados enquadram-se num estudo mais alargado no âmbito das vivências das mulheres submetidas a histerectomia. Resultados: Apresentam-se três categorias emergentes: “Problemas apresentados pelas mulheres antes da histerectomia” constituída por nove subcategorias sendo as hemorragias, os tumores, e o risco de cancro os mais referidos; “Desconfortos manifestados pelas mulheres após a histerectomia” constituída por seis subcategorias das quais a secura vaginal, dor na relação sexual e alteração da imagem corporal sobressaem; e a categoria “Atitudes dos enfermeiros valorizadas pelas mulheres”, com quatro subcategorias, incluindo ajudarem a ultrapassar e tratarem bem Conclusões: se por um lado a histerectomia resolve problemas ginecológicos apresentados pela mulher, aumentado o seu bem-estar e qualidade de vida, por outro também a confronta com o aparecimento de novos desconfortos, para os quais nem sempre se sentia preparada. 
El papel de los problemas emocionales en la hipersexualidad
Get PDFIntroduction: Hypersexuality is a common problem in clinical practice, especially due to the emotional distress generated by some of its manifestations, such as sex addiction. However, the relationship between discomfort and hypersexuality is unclear and many authors highlight that, in addition to a consequence, emotional distress could be the cause of the search for sex as an emotional regulation strategy. The aim of the present study is to check if there is a relationship between mood and hypersexual behavior in both men and women.Method: 400 participants (69% male) between the ages of 18 and 40 (M = 26,65; DT = 6,30) completed an online survey that included measures of control of sexual impulses (the Hypersexuality Inventory [HI]) and emotional distress (the Scale Hospital Anxiety and Depression [HADS]). Sociodemographic information was also collected.Results: We did not find gender differences in the anxiety means, while men presented higher scores on the depression subscale M =7,33) than women (M=6,11; t=3,89, p smaller than ,001) and higher level of hypersexuality (M=43,94 men, M=11,85 women; t=10,36, p smaller than ,001). For men, anxiety (p smaller than ,001) and age (p= ,024) explained 29,2% of the variance of Hypersexuality scores (IH) (F=37,48; p smaller than ,001). For the group of women, only anxiety explained 14% of the variance of the IH scores (F=6,52; p smaller than ,001).Conclusions: As we can see, anxiety has an important weight in hypersexuality, while in men age also turned out to be relevant in this problem. Taking into account that the majority of preventive interventions are aimed at adolescents / young people, these results demonstrate the need to invest efforts in emotional regulation at all ages, both in prevention and in treatment programs.Introducción: La hipersexualidad es un problema frecuente en la práctica clínica, especialmente por el malestar emocional que generan algunas de sus manifestaciones como la adicción al sexo. Sin embargo, la relación entre el malestar y la hipersexualidad no está clara y muchos autores resaltan que, además de una consecuencia, el malestar emocional podría ser causante de la búsqueda del sexo como una estrategia de regulación emocional. El objetivo del presente estudio es comprobar si existe relación entre el estado anímico y la conducta hipersexual tanto en hombres como en mujeres.Método: 400 participantes (69% hombres) entre los 18 y 40 años (M=26,65; DT=6,30) completaron una encuesta online que incluía medidas de control de impulsos sexuales (el Inventario de Hipersexualidad [IH]) y de malestar emocional (la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria [HADS]). También se recogió información sociodemográfica.Resultados: No encontramos diferencias de género en las medias de ansiedad, mientras que los hombres presentan mayores puntuaciones en la subescala de depresión (M=7,33) que las mujeres (M=6,11; t=3,89, p menor que ,001) y mayor nivel de hipersexualidad (M=43,94 hombres, M=11,85 mujeres; t=10,36, p menor que ,001). En el caso de los hombres, la ansiedad (p menor que ,001) y la edad (p= ,024) explicaron el 29,2% de la varianza de las puntuaciones de hipersexualidad (IH) (F=37,48; p menor que ,001). Para el grupo de las mujeres, solo la ansiedad explicó el 14% de la varianza de las puntuaciones del IH (F=6,52; p menor que ,001). Conclusiones: La ansiedad tiene un peso importante en la hipersexualidad, mientras que en los hombres la edad también resultó ser relevante en este problema. Teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de las intervenciones preventivas están dirigidas a adolescentes/jóvenes, estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de invertir esfuerzos en la gestión emocional en todas las edades, tanto en la prevención como en los programas de tratamiento
Projeto cinoterapia: forma de intervenção nas necessidades de saúde especiais
Get PDFAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction as well as by restricted patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. In kynotherapy, a dog it acts as a facilitator of the therapeutic process. This pilot-project has as main objective to study the effectiveness of the kynotherapy in the improvement of the behaviors of self-regulation, communication and socialization of children with ASD, in a school context. Of the pilot project, 16 children with a diagnosis of ASD, were evaluated in a preand post-intervention phase. In the control group the educational method of the Structured Teaching is the Treatment and Educacion of Autistic and Related Communications Handicapped Children (TEACH) model and in the experimental group the educational method is the same, however with there is the support of a dog during the 40 sessions, that have the duration of 30 minutes. In the experimental group, it is expected significant improvements in the measures of irritability and hyperactivity, as well as in the processes of socialization, social cognition and social communication.A Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) é uma perturbação neurodesenvolvimental caraterizada por défices persistentes na comunicação social e na interação social e por padrões restritos de comportamentos, interesses e atividades. A cinoterapia pode ser definida como uma terapia assistida pelo cão, em que o mesmo exerce a função de facilitador do processo terapêutico. O principal objetivo deste projeto é verificar a eficácia da cinoterapia na melhoria dos comportamentos de autorregulação, comunicação e socialização de crianças com PEA, em contexto escolar. Participam 16 crianças com diagnóstico de PEA, que foram avaliadas numa fase pré e pós intervenção. No grupo de controlo o método educativo da Unidades de Ensino Estruturado para a Educação de Alunos com Perturbações do Espetro do Autismo é o modelo Treatment and Educacion of Autistic and Related Communications Handicapped Children (TEACH) e no grupo experimental o método educativo é o mesmo, con tudo com o apoio do cão ao longo das 40 sessões que têm a duração de 30 minutos. No grupo experimental espera-se que existam melhorias significativas nas medidas de irritabilidade e hiperatividade, nos processos de socialização, cognição social e na comunicação social
¿Hay diferencias entre las actitudes hacia la conducta sexual que tienen las personas con discapacidad intelectual y las de los profesionales que trabajan con ellos?
Get PDFAttitudes towards sexuality are one of the most important cognitive-emotional determinants of sexual functioning. In this sense, the sexuality of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) is influenced by myths, stereotypes and prejudices that encourage the perpetuation of certain negative attitudes and limit their sexual experiences. The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes towards sexuality in people with intellectual disabilities and in professionals who work with them. For this purpose, we use a brief scale of attitudes towards sexual behaviour in a sample of 300 people with mild or moderate intellectual disability (ID), aged between 19 and 55 years old and 100 professionals, aged between 20 and 66 years old. Results reveal that 34.6% of people with ID have conservative attitudes, 55.3% moderate attitudes, and 8.3% liberal attitudes. On the other hand, 14% of the professionals present moderate attitudes and 86% liberal attitudes. In general, professionals have more liberal attitudes in all sexual behaviours (kissing, fondling and/or oral sex), except in vaginal intercourse where people with IDs have more erotophilic attitudes. In conclusion, people with ID report mostly conservative attitudes although professionals have mostly liberal attitudes. For this reason, an attitudinal module in affective-sexual education programs for people with ID should be implemented, because this variable has a significant impact on sexual health.Las actitudes hacia la sexualidad constituyen uno de los elementos cognitivo-emocionales más determinantes del funcionamiento sexual. En este sentido, la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) está fuertemente influenciada por diversos mitos, estereotipos y prejuicios que repercuten en la perpetuación de ciertas actitudes negativas que limitan sus vivencias sexuales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las actitudes hacia la conducta sexual de las personas con discapacidad intelectual que poseen las propias personas que integran este colectivo y los profesionales que trabajan con ellos. Para ello, se utiliza la Escala de percepción sexual para personas con discapacidad intelectual en una muestra de 300 personas con DI leve o moderada con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 55 años y la Escala de Actitudes hacia la sexualidad en personas con discapacidad intelectual en 100 profesionales con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 66 años. Los resultados indican que el 36.4% de las personas con DI poseen actitudes conservadoras, el 55.3% actitudes moderadas y el 8.3% actitudes liberales. Por su parte, el 14% de los profesionales presentan actitudes moderadas y el 86% actitudes liberales. En general, los profesionales poseen actitudes significativamente más liberales en todas las conductas sexuales analizadas (besos, caricias y/o sexo oral), excepto en la práctica del coito vaginal donde son las personas con DI quienes presentan actitudes más erotofílicas. En conclusión, las personas con DI muestran actitudes mayoritariamente conservadoras a pesar de que los profesionales que trabajan con ellos son principalmente liberales. Y, por tanto, debería implementarse un módulo actitudinal en los programas de educación afectivo-sexual de las personas con DI, puesto que esta variable repercute significativamente en su salud sexual
As dimensões da felicidade dentro do questionário de felicidade Oxford: desenvolvimento de um instrument de medição multidimensional válido para uma amostra portuguesa
Get PDFThe evidence that individuals’ happiness and general well-being are closely related has made happiness a frequently studied topic in the last decades. Studies showed that happiness has several dimensions and that these are dependent, amongst others, of cultural, economic, and social factors. The aim of this study was to validate a measure that identifies possible dimensions of happiness having as a starting point the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. An online questionnaire with socio-professional items and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used. A sample of 1032 individuals from several Portuguese higher education establishments was collected, of which 581 (56.3%) were students, 257 (24.9%) were faculty members, and 194 (18.8%) were non-teaching staff. The sample was divided into two subsamples: sample 1 (n=508) and sample 2 (n=524). A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed on sample 1, followed by Covariance Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) on sample 2. The PCA presented results, consistent with the existing theory, for a three-factor model. CB-SEM identified several items with significant correlations with more than one latent variable, which eliminated from the model. A valid model (CFI= .95; TLI= .94; AGFI= .95; RMSEA= .04) was obtained, with three dimensions: Joy (six items); Positivism (nine items); and Reliability (two items). We conclude that a threedimension model is valid for the population under study and should be applied to other populations to deepen the conclusions. These three dimensions may serve as a basis to better understand what influences our happiness and propose interventions to promote it.A evidência de que a felicidade e o bem-estar geral dos indivíduos estão intimamente relacionados fez da felicidade um tema frequentemente estudado nas últimas décadas. Estudos demonstraram que a felicidade tem várias dimensões e que estas dependem, entre outros, de factores culturais, económicos e sociais. O objectivo deste estudo foi validar uma medida que identifica possíveis dimensões da felicidade, tendo como ponto de partida o Questionário da Felicidade de Oxford. Foi utilizado um questionário online com itens socioprofissionais e o Questionário Oxford da Felicidade. Foi recolhida uma amostra de 1032 indivíduos de vários estabelecimentos de ensino superior portugueses, dos quais 581 (56,3%) eram estudantes, 257 (24,9%) eram docentes e 194 (18,8%) eram pessoal não docente. A amostra foi dividida em duas subamostras: amostra 1 (n=508) e amostra 2 (n=524). Foi realizada uma Análise de Componentes Principais (APC) na amostra 1, seguida de Modelação da Equação Estrutural Baseada na Covariância (CB-SEM) na amostra 2. A APC apresentou resultados, consistentes com a teoria existente, para um modelo com três factores. A CB-SEM identificou vários itens com correlações significativas com mais do que umavariável latente, queforam eliminados do modelo. Foi obtido um modelo válido (CFI= .95; TLI= .94; AGFI= .95; RMSEA= .04), com três dimensões: Alegria (seis itens); Positivismo (nove itens); e Fiabilidade (dois itens). Concluímos que um modelo tridimensional é válido para a população em estudo e deve ser aplicado a outras populações para aprofundar as conclusões. Estas três dimensões podem servir como base para compreender melhor o que influencia a nossa felicidade e propor intervenções para a promover
Relación entre metodologías docentes y enfoques de aprendizaje en la universidad
Get PDFThe main objective of this study is to know the correlations between the teaching methodologies carried out and their relationship with the learning approaches and learning strategies used by students of first and third course of the Grade on Pedagogy of the Faculty of Science Education of the University of Granada. The instruments for collecting information have been the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), the Inventory of study habits (IHE) and the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of the “Modulating” Variables of the Teaching Style in Higher Education (CEMEDEPU). The data analysis has been of descriptive statistics, a comparison of means by Student’s T analysis and the correlations between variables of the I.H.E. and R-SPQ-2F have been analyzed. Theresultsindicatethat theteaching methodologyfocused on learning directlyinfluencesthe deep focus, deep motivation and deep strategy. Is obtained a direct and significant relationship of the deep approach with the scales of environmental conditions of the study, study planning and content assimilation is obtained.El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) requiere un giro en la percepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer las correlaciones existentes entre las metodologías docentes llevadas a cabo y su relación con los enfoques y estrategias de aprendizaje utilizadas por el alumnado de primer y de tercer curso del grado en Pedagogía de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada. Los instrumentos de recogida de información han sido el Revised two- Factor StudyProcess Questionnaire (R-SPQ- 2F), el Inventario de hábitos de estudio (I.H.E) y el Cuestionario de Evaluación de las Variables “Moduladoras” del Estilo de Enseñanza en Educación Superior (CEMEDEPU). Para el análisis de datos se han realizado estadísticos descriptivos, una comparación de medias mediante el análisis de T de Student y se han analizado las correlaciones entre variables de los cuestionarios I.H.E. y R-SPQ-2F. Los resultados señalan que la metodología docente centrada en el aprendizaje influye directamente en el enfoque profundo, la motivación profunda y la estrategia profunda. Se obtiene una relación directa y significativa del enfoque profundo con las escalas de condiciones ambientales del estudio, planificación del estudio y asimilación de contenidos
Mobilidade urbana das pessoas idosas. O papel das estruturas de mobilidade vertical para a participação social: o caso da cidade da covilha
No full textThe main objective was to carry out a study on the impact that vertical urban mobility infrastructures have on the daily life of older people living in slum neighborhoods. Data collection took place in April and May 2019, in the city of Covilhã, where there are accentuated topographic gaps and where there are four vertical urban mobility structures. The sample includes 109 subjects aged 65 and over, who answered a questionnaire prepared by the project’s researchers. The average age is 73,50 years, 53,2% has the 1st cycle education, 68,8% lives with their spouse or partner, 71,6% indicates that they have no mobility difficulties and 54,1% consider their health status to be “Normal” or “Good” (23,9%). 78% of respondents have lived in the current home / neighborhood for over 10 years, 11,9% have always lived in the same home / neighborhood and 90,8% said they would like to continue living in the same house / neighborhood. 53,2% use “Very” urban vertical mobility structures, and 64,8% use them at least three times a week. The overwhelming majority find these structures convenient and easily accessible, however, 79,8% changed or improved something in this structures. Still, 60,5% consider these structures “Good” or “Very Good”. Most respondents reveal that the use of vertical urban mobility structures allowed them to increase the frequency with which they use the public space, visit people or access services, contributing to improving their mobility, quality of life and social participation.O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto que as estruturas de mobilidade urbana vertical (IMUV) têm na vida quotidiana das pessoas idosas que vivem em bairros com desníveis topográficos. A recolha dos dados realizou-se em abril e maio de 2019, na cidade da Covilhã onde há desníveis topográficos acentuados e em que existem quatro estruturas de mobilidade urbana vertical.A amostra integra 109 sujeitos com 65 ou mais anos, que responderam a um questionário elaborado pelos investigadores do projecto. A média de idade é de 73,50 anos, 53,2% possui o 1º Ciclo como grau de ensino, 68,8% reside com o cônjuge ou companheiro/a, 71,6% indica não ter dificuldades de mobilidade e 54,1% considera o seu estado de saúde “Normal”, ou “Bom” (23,9%). Dos inquiridos, 78% residem há mais de 10 anos na atual casa/bairro (78%), 11,9% sempre residiram na mesma casa/bairro e 90,8% gostaria de continuar a viver na mesma casa/bairro. A maioria (53,2%) utiliza “Muito” as estruturas de mobilidade urbana vertical e 64,8% utiliza-as pelos menos três vezes por semana. A maioria considera estas estruturas cómodas e de fácil acesso, con tudo, 79,8% mudava ou melhorava algo nas estruturas existentes. Ainda assim, 60,5% considera estas estruturas “Boas” ou “Muito Boas”. A maioria dos inquiridos revela que a utilização destas estruturas permitiu aumentar a frequência com que usufruem do espaço público, visitor pessoas ou aceder a servicos, contribuindo para melhorar a sua mobilidade, qualidade de vida e participação social
Papel de la emergencia en la gestión del problema social del anciano
Get PDFIntroduction: Currently, in our society there is an increase in the percentage of the population over 65 years of age. Zamora is in second place in Spain with regard to this data. The number of calls made to the 112 centre in Castilla y León, with a final diagnosis of a social problem, is increasing according to the register since 2016. Although it is not an urgent medical pathology, it generates the mobilization of emergency health resources and the situation is increasing in the same way; taking into account that resources are limited, can there be an imbalance between the demand and the services offered? Is the EMU the final solution in the global management of the social problem? To analyse, in Zamora, that the increase of this population, entails an increase of final diagnoses: social problem; 2. To demonstrate that the use of the resources that currently exist for the global management of the problem is not sufficient, generates an overload of the Emergency Services and affects the sustainability of the Spanish Health System; 3. Methods: Descriptive observational study of the population over 65 years of age in Zamora who made calls to 112 in Castile and Leon and whose diagnosis was considered a social problem from January 2106 to September 2019. Results: Increase of 52 incidents with “social problem”.The frequency is higher in men than in women. More than half of the 60 EMU interventions were discharged on site. Conclusions The over-demand of emergency services may lead to the dilemma “The tragedy of the commons”, described by Garrett Hardin in 1968. Therefore, good orientation, education and training in social and health care, and the development of a plan with resources such as a multidisciplinary referral service: “Social Unit”, would increase the efficiency of care for the elderly with social problems.Introducción. - Actualmente, en nuestra sociedad hay un aumento del porcentaje de la población mayor de 65 años. Zamora se sitúa en segundo puesto de España referente a este dato. El número de llamadas realizadas al centro 112 de Castilla y León, con diagnóstico final problema social, va aumentando según el registro desde 2016. A pesar de no ser una patología médica urgente, genera movilización de recursos sanitarios de urgencia y la situación va in crescendo de la misma forma; teniendo en cuenta que los recursos son limitados, ¿puede producirse un desequilibrio entre la demanda y los servicios ofertados? ¿En la gestión global del problema social es la UME la solución final? Objetivos. - 1. Analizar, en Zamora, que el incremento de esta población, conlleva el aumento de diagnósticos finales: problema social; 2. Demostrar que la utilización de los recursos que existen en la actualidad para la gestión global del problema no es suficiente, genera sobrecarga de los Servicios de Urgencia y afecta a la sostenibilidad del Sistema Sanitario español; 3. Proponer soluciones alternativas. Método. - Estudio descriptivo observacional de la población mayor de 65 años de Zamora que realizó llamadas al 112 de Castilla y León cuyo diagnóstico fue considerado: problema social, desde enero de 2106 a septiembre de 2019. Resultados. - aumento de 52 incidentes con “problema social”. La frecuencia es mayor en hombres que en mujeres. De las 60 intervenciones de la UME, más de la mitad fueron dados de alta in situ. Conclusiones La sobredemanda de servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias, puede desembocar en el dilema “La tragedia de los comunes”, descrito por Garrett Hardin en 1968. Por tanto, una buena orientación, educación y formación sociosanitaria, y la elaboración de un Plan con recursos tipo servicio multidisciplinar de derivación: “Unidad Social”, aumentaría la eficiencia de la atención al anciano con problema social