International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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    Actitudes hacia la transgeneridad y la transexualidad en el ámbito universitario. Un estudio preliminar

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    We present an evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes and training on sexual diversity of university professors, as well as the level of prejudice towards transgender people that exists in this professional group. The sample is composed of 54 academics from seven colleges. A questionnaire was administered, consisting of the Transgender Inclusive Behavior Scale (TIBS) (Kattari, O’Connor, and Kattari, 2018) and the Negative Attitudes toward Trans People Scale (EANT) (Paez, Hevia, Pesci, and Rabbia, 2015). The lack of specific training on sexualdiversity, transsexuality, transgender,and educational inclusion of transstudents highlights between the main outcomes. The findings also reveal low levels of prejudice against trans people in the professors who composed the sample, as well as attitudes towards their inclusion that can be improved. One of the main conclusions is the need for further research on these issues between health, education and other basic service providers.El trabajo que se presenta evalúa los conocimientos, las actitudes y la formación sobre diversidad sexual del profesorado universitario, así como el nivel de prejuicio hacia las personas trans existente en este colectivo profesional. La muestra está compuesta por 54 profesoras/es universitarios de siete centros o facultades. Se administró un cuestionario formado por la escala Transgender Inclusive Behavior Scale (TIBS) (Kattari, O’Connor, y Kattari, 2018) y la Escala de Actitudes Negativas hacia personas Trans (EANT) (Páez, Hevia, Pesci, y Rabbia, 2015). Entre los principales hallazgos encontrados, destaca la falta de formación específica sobre diversidad sexual, transexualidad, transgeneridad, e inclusión educativa del alumnado trans. Los resultados obtenidos revelan, además, bajos niveles de prejuicio hacia las personas trans entre el profesorado estudiado, así como actitudes mejorables hacia la inclusión de estas personas. Entre las principales conclusiones destaca la necesidad de seguir investigando estas cuestiones entre los proveedores de salud, educación y otros servicios básicos

    Engajamento e aprendizagem de crianças em oficinas "movimento de brinquedos" no 1º ciclo de escola

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    The motivation and interest of children and young people in science areas remains a challenge for contemporary education, and there is also evidence of the importance of its promotion since the early years of schooling as well as the use of interdisciplinary approaches. The Erasmus + AutoSTEM project aims to analyse the potential of constructing automata or “moving toys” as a motivation strategy for learning in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), in the early years of schooling. The characteristics of the automata, namely the fact that they have a narrative part and a mechanism, allow, in a playful approach, to implement activities related to the planning and construction of those toys and to enhance skills such as observation, problem solving, creativity and also skills in the referred STEM areas. In this work, the description of the implementation and evaluation of automata workshops in a school of the 1st year of basic education is made. The data were collected based on direct observation focusing on dimensions of engagement and a questionnaire regarding interest, perception of learning, difficulties experienced, suggestions for improvement. Results evidence that the children showed curiosity for the prototypes presented, having immediately designed their own project, explored materials and completed the construction, in some cases with their own proposals. The perceived difficulties vary according to the age, as well as the type of mechanism chosen.A motivação e interesse de crianças e jovens por áreas de ciências continua a ser um desafio da educação contemporânea, existindo também evidências da importância da sua promoção desde os anos inicias de escolaridade e do recurso a abordagens interdisciplinares. O projeto Erasmus+ AutoSTEM visa analisar o potencial da construção de autómatos ou “brinquedos que mexem” como estratégia de motivação para a aprendizagem em áreas de ciências, tecnologia, engenharia e matemática (CTEM), nos anos iniciais de escolaridade. As caraterísticas dos autómatos, nomeadamente o facto de serem constituídos por uma narrativa, e um mecanismo permitem que, numa abordagem lúdica, atividades relacionadas com a planificação e construção dos referidos brinquedos, potenciem competências como a observação, a resolução de problemas, criatividade e também competências nas referidas áreas CTEM. Neste trabalho, são descritas a implementação e avaliação de oficinas de construção de brinquedos no 1º ano do ensino básico. A recolha de dadosenvolveu a observação diretaincidindo em dimensões do envolvimento e num questionário, incidindo no interesse, aprendizagens, dificuldades, sugestões de melhoria. Os resultados evidenciam a curiosidade das crianças pelos protótipos apresentados, tendo desde logo elaborado o seu próprio projeto, explorado materiais e concretizado a construção, em alguns casos com propostas próprias. As dificuldades percebidas variam em função da idade, o mesmo se verificando com o tipo de mecanismo escolhid

    El método Singapur para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Enfoque y concreción de un estilo de aprendizaje

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    The latest mathematics assessment tests, PISA 2015 and TIMMS 2015 have caused a great interest in the Singapore Method of Mathematics Learning. The Singaporecurriculum framework, which hasasalearning center the resolution of mathematical problems and which is developed through four fundamental aspects: the CPA approach (Concrete – Pictorial - Abstract), the spiral curriculum, systematic and perceptual variations and relational understanding. The Singapore Method is based on the ideas of Jerome Bruner, Zoltan Dienes and Richard Skemp. In this work, after presenting the Singapore educational system and the curricular framework, the contributions of these authors and their concretions in the Singapore Method of learning mathematics are studied.Los excelentes resultados obtenidos por Singapur en las últimas pruebas PISA 2015 y TIMMS 2015, han provocado un gran interés por el denominado Método Singapur de aprendizaje de las matemáticas. El marco curricular de Singapur tiene como centro de aprendizaje la resolución de problemas matemáticos y se basa en cuatro aspectos fundamentales: el enfoque CPA (concreto - pictórico - abstracto), el currículo en espiral, las variaciones sistemática y perceptual y la comprensión relacional. Estos aspectos se fundamentan en las ideas de Jerome Bruner, Zoltan Dienes y Richard Skemp. En este trabajo, tras presentar el sistema educativo de Singapur y el marco curricular, se estudian las aportaciones de estos autores y sus concreciones en el Método Singapur y se extraen una serie de conclusiones para su adaptación

    Creencias de futuros maestros en torno a la educación perinatal

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    Many studies highlight the importance of the psychological development during perinatal stage. Future teachers opinions could help us with the need to increase this training based on personal experiences and environmental teachings. The purpose of this study is to go deeper into university teaching student s convictions about the importance of the perinatal education and its development through the analysis of a 36 students written speech of 20-year-old students on average, using a qualitative study. Some of the questions related to the perinatal development that had been proposed during the subject of “Development Psychology” at Toledo`s university were, among others, “is it possible to kiss and hug a baby or do you think that you could spoil him?”; “why do you think the skin to skin contact is recommendable after the birth?”; “ who is, according to your personal opinion, the most important person for a baby at a biological, psychological and social development?”; or “what is your opinion about the consequences of being loved during the first months of a baby s life? All these questions were answered individually by students. Most of students thought as a positive idea to kiss and hug the baby, referring to the mother as the most important person for him, although it is true that there were some discrepancies with this last point. Talking about the idea of feeling loved or not during the first months of life, students highlighted its importance in relation to the socio-emotional development. Finally, talking about the skin to skin contact, most of students considered it as an essential point for a good bond between the mother and the baby. Based on these results, we consider necessary to keep the perinatal education as a unit of study included in Development Psychology s subject. Through this topic, we could have a deeper look that would help future teachers to analyze the babies and families needs during the perinatal period.Numerosos estudios refieren la importancia del desarrollo psicológico durante la etapa perinatal. Conocer las creencias de los futuros maestros en torno a la educación perinatal puede ayudarnos a comprender la necesidad de ampliar la formación en este ámbito y revisar creencias basadas en experiencias personales y enseñanzas del entorno. El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en las creencias de los alumnos de magisterio en relación a la importancia del desarrollo y la educación perinatal analizando el discurso escrito de 36 alumnos con una media de 20 años de edad a través de estudio cualitativo. Se formularon las siguientes preguntas relacionadas con el desarrollo perinatal durante una clase de la asignatura de Psicología del Desarrollo del Grado de Educación Primaria en Toledo: ¿se debe abrazar y besar al bebé o crees que es malcriarlo?, ¿por qué crees que se recomienda el piel con piel tras el nacimiento?, ¿quién crees que es la persona más importante para el bebé a nivel biológico, psicológico y social?, ¿qué consecuencias crees que tiene sentirse amado durante los primeros meses de vida?, ¿y no sentirse amado? Los alumnos contestaron por escrito de manera individual. La mayoría  de los alumnos consideraron positivo abrazar y besar al bebé y se refirieron a la madre como la persona más importante para él a todos los niveles. Respecto a las consecuencias de sentirse o no amado durante los primeros meses de vida, los alumnos destacaron su importancia en relación al desarrollo socio-emocional. En relación al piel con piel, la mayoría de los alumnos hizo referencia a la facilitación del vínculo. Proponemos una mirada más profunda que permita dar a conocer a los futuros maestros las necesidades de los bebés y las familias durante el período perinatal

    Actividad física y efectos psicológicos del confinamiento por covid-19

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    In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and Sanitation Commission (Hubei Province, China), the Chinese authorities identified a new type of virus called COVID 19. The WHO declared a state of global pandemic and many governments  decreed a period ofextendableconfinement. The quarantinethat weareliving, ischaracterized bytwo fundamental aspects: the isolation of our relatives and the restriction of movement, so necessary for the human being. This mandatory period of confinement has been proven to produce temporary and permanent psychological damage. Stress, irritability and sadness appear in a situation of loneliness, lack of communication and uncertainty. This article collects the conclusions of other studies carried out on mutations of the SARS virus and the psychological effects. Some research suggests that longer quarantine durations are specifically associated with PTSD, avoidance behaviors, and anger. Physical activity at home is analyzed as a media phenomenon, to fight against emotional imbalances of confinement and health maintenance. Faced with this situation of confinement, different exercise programs of all kinds have proliferated and on different platforms and the media. Some of these platforms have seen an increase in the number of users and reproductions, these numbers being objective indicators of interest in practicing physical exercise in times of compulsory confinement at home.En diciembre de 2019, la Comisión Municipal de Salud y Sanidad de Wuhan (provincia de Hubei, China), las autoridades chinas identificaron un nuevo tipo de virus denominado COVID 19. La OMS declaró el estado de pandemia mundial y muchos gobiernos decretaron un período de confinamiento prorrogable. La cuarentena que estamos viviendo, se caracteriza por dos aspectos fundamentales: el aislamiento de nuestros familiares y la restricción de movimiento, tan necesario para el ser humano. Este tiempo de reclusión obligatoria, se ha comprobado que produce daños psicológicos temporales y permanentes. Estrés, irritabilidad y tristeza aparecen ante una situación de soledad, incomunicación e incertidumbre. Este artículo recoge las conclusiones de otros estudios realizados sobre mutaciones del virus SARS y los efectos psicológicos. Algunas investigaciones sugieren que, las duraciones más largas de la cuarentena, se asocian específicamente con síntomas de estrés postraumático, conductas de evitación y enojo. Se analiza la actividad física en el hogar como fenómeno mediático, para luchar contra los desequilibrios emocionales del confinamiento y de mantenimiento de la salud. Ante esta situación de encierro, han proliferado diferentes programas de ejercicios de todo tipo y en diferentes plataformas y medios de comunicación. Algunas de estas plataformas han visto incrementado el número de usuarios y reproducciones, siendo estos valores, indicadores objetivos del interés por la práctica del ejercicio físico en momentos de reclusión obligatoria en el hogar

    A prevenção quaternária, a diabetes e a doença periodontal

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    Diabetes, which is estimated to affect 552 million people on the planet in 2030, as well as periodontal disease, considered its sixth complication, draw both of them, a very uncertain and gloomy future in terms of Quality of Life and Public Health! Nobody imagined  that the precious sugar, refined successively, more and more, obtained with the barbarous slavery installed with the Discoveries, would finally become the greatest omnipresent poison in the Societies of our time! Diabetes and its complications are bi-directionally related to periodontitis and its exacerbations, that is, one makes the other’s situation worse! The word represents the great tool for operationalizing Quaternary Prevention that has come in recent years to give hope to all those who wish to look at the health / disease problem again. In this context and avoiding the growing current of overdiagnosis, overmedicalization, overtreatment, overscreenings, overinformation, we will all simply improve the understanding, practice and collaboration of people and societies, in the sense that we all change lifestyles harmful to the appearance of these problems of so prevalent in today’s world and so unsettling for tomorrow’s, with Positive Psychology and more Knowledge!A diabetes, queseestimaviraafetar 552 milhões de pessoas no planetaem 2030, bem como a doença periodontal, considerada a sua sexta complicação, desenham ambas, um futuro bastante incerto e sombrio em termos de Qualidade deVida e Saúde Pública!Ninguém imaginou que o precioso açucar, refinado sucessivamente,cadavez mais, obtido com aescravatura bárbaramente instalada com as Descobertas, finalmente se tornasse o maior veneno omnipresente nas Sociedades do nosso tempo!A Diabetes e as suas complicações relacionam-se em bi-direccionalidade com a periodontite e suas exacerbações, ou seja, uma piora a situação da outra!A palavra representa a grande ferramenta para operacionalizar a Prevenção Quaternária que veio nos últimos anos dar uma esperança a todos aqueles que desejam um outro olhar para a problemática da saúde/ doença.Neste contexto e evitando a corrente crescente de overdiagnosis, overmedicalization, overtreatment, overscreenings, overinformation, vamos todos simplesmente melhorar a compreensão, a prática e a colaboração das pessoas e das sociedades, no sentido de todos alterarmos estilos de vida nefastos ao aparecimento destes problemas de saúde tão prevalentes no mundo de hoje e tão inquietantes para o de amanhã, com Psicologia Positiva e mais Conhecimento

    Aps: un itinerario para las competencias en la asignatura de deporte adaptado

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    In the third year of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences degree at the Catholic University of Valencia, the subject «Adapted Sport and Inclusive Physical Activity» is taught. Its main purpose is to better know people with disabilities and their relationship with the different areas of the sport, therapeutic, educational, competitive and leisure and recreation. In order to achieve the specific competences of the subject, students can choose three different itineraries. On the one hand, group work with theoretical exposition and practical application is offered; on other, portfolios as individual work and thirdly, the Learning and Service itinerary, in which students by groups search for an institution and develop a ServiceLearning program in which they acquire the specific skills of the subject. This last itinerary is the one that best meets the objectives of the subject, since students become familiar with the users of the institutions where they apply it and become sensitized towards disability, obtaining authentic and situated learning, given that they experience disability in first person. It is also a methodology that we call “transcendent” since it transcends the University and directly affects the closest social environment, reducing the gap that sometimes exists between the University and real society. Once the institution has been chosen and the administrative procedures have been solved, the S-L itinerary has three phases carried out by the students in groups: preparation, intervention, evaluation and diffusion. The development of all of them is reported in this communication.En el tercer curso del Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte de la Universidad Católica de Valencia se imparte la asignatura “Deporte Adaptado y Actividad Física Inclusiva”, cuyo objeto de estudio son las personas con discapacidad y su relación con los diferentes ámbitos del deporte, terapéutico, educativo, competitivo y de ocio y recreación. Para conseguir las competencias específicas de la asignatura los alumnos pueden elegir tres itinerarios distintos. Por un lado, se ofrece trabajo en grupo con exposición teórica y aplicación práctica; por otro, portafolios como trabajo individual y en tercer lugar itinerario de Aprendizaje y Servicio, en el que los alumnos por grupos buscan una institución y desarrollan en ella un programa de Aprendizaje-Servicio mediante el cual adquieren las competencias específicas de la asignatura. Este último itinerario es el que mejor cumple los objetivos de la asignatura, puesto que los alumnos se familiarizan con las personas usuarias de las instituciones donde lo aplican y se sensibilizan hacia la discapacidad, obteniendo un aprendizaje auténtico y situado, puesto que vivencian la discapacidad en primera persona. También es una metodología que denominamos “trascendente” puesto que trasciende la Universidad y repercute directamente en el entorno social más cercano, reduciendo esa brecha que a veces existe entre la Universidad y la sociedad real.Una vez elegida la institución y solucionados los trámites administrativos, el itinerario APS consta de cuatro fases querealizan losalumnosen grupo: preparación, intervención,evaluación y difusión. Del desarrollo detodas ellas da cuenta la presente comunicación

    Infecciones de transmisión sexual en población joven y su prevención: un análisis según la orientación del deseo sexual

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    The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is a serious problem for the Public Health. The young population is the most affected, but there is insufficient evidence about some differential profiles. This makes difficult preventive efforts, particularly when sexual diversity is only addressed in a categorical way, classifying among heterosexual, bisexual and homosexual people. For this reason, this study explores the prevalence of STIs, as well as differences in primary and secondary preventive behavior according to sexual orientation that is not evaluated categorically but according to the Kinsey scale. 600 university students (50% men and women; 67.5% attracted only to people of the other sex) filled in, online, voluntarily and anonymously, the Lifestyle and Health questionnaire (Giménez-García and Ballester-Arnal, 2017). The results show a STIs’ prevalence of 5.3% that is mainly placed among those who are a little more attracted to people of the opposite sex (19%) and to people of the same sex exclusively (14.3%), with significant differences (Chi2=15.75; p=.027). Regarding the systematic use of condoms, 52.8% reported it with sporadic partners and 37.1% with regular partners, showing differences for the last one (Chi 2=17.69; p=.007). For both of them, people who are a little more attracted to people of the same sex use it more (100% sporadic and 67.7% regular) compared to those who are basically attracted to people of the same sex (33.3% sporadic and 0% regular). About the HIV screening test that 16.7% report, there are significant differences (Chi2=16.86; p=.018), being more frequent among people who are attracted exclusively (35.7%) or basically (28.6 %) to same sex people. Therefore, the higher prevalence seems to beamong people who are a little more attracted to people of the opposite sex and to people of the same sex exclusively, differing the groups at highest risk according to preventive behavior. Consequently, preventive efforts should guarantee an inclusive view of all sexual orientations.La prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual supone un problema grave de salud pública. La población joven se reconoce como la más afectada, pero no existe suficiente evidencia sobre algunos perfiles diferenciales. Esto, obstaculiza los esfuerzos preventivos, en particular, cuando la diversidad afectivo sexual sólo se aborda de manera categorial, clasificando entre heterosexuales, bisexuales y homosexuales. Por ello este trabajo explora las prevalencias de las ITS, así como las diferencias en la conducta preventiva primaria y secundaria según la orientación sexual, evaluada no de manera categorial sino según la escala Kinsey. 600 estudiantes universitarios (50% hombres y mujeres; 67,5% atraídos únicamente hacia el otro sexo) cumplimentaron, de manera online, voluntaria y anónima, el cuestionario Estilo de Vida y Salud (Giménez-García y Ballester-Arnal, 2017).Los resultados arrojan una prevalencia de ITS de 5,3%, concentrándose mayor frecuencia entre personas un poco más atraídas hacia el otro sexo (19%) y exclusivamente hacia el suyo (14,3%), con diferencias significativas (Chi 2=15,75; p= ,027). Sobre el uso sistemático del preservativo, el 52,8% lo reporta con parejas esporádicas y el 37,1% con estables, mostrándose diferencias en las últimas (Chi 2=17,69; p=,007). En ambas, las personas a las que les atrae un poco más su mismo sexo lo utilizan más (100% esporádica y 67,7% estable) frente a las que principalmente les atrae su sexo (33,3% esporádica y 0% estable). En la prueba de detección del VIH que reporta un 16,7%, existen diferencias significativas (Chi 2=16,86; p= ,018), siendo más frecuente entre personas atraídas únicamente (35,7%) o principalmente (28,6%) hacia su mismo sexo. Así, las mayores prevalencias parecen concentrarse entre personas un poco más atraídas por el otro sexo y únicamente el propio, siendo distintos los grupos de mayor riesgo según la conducta preventiva. En consecuencia, los esfuerzos preventivos deberían velar por un carácter inclusivo de todas las orientaciones del deseo sexual

    Fragilidad y úlceras por presión en personas mayores institucionalizadas

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    Cross-cutting and descriptive research to study the relationship between the situation of frailty among institutionalized older people and the presence of pressure ulcers and the risk of them; in a sample of 194 participants.The presence of pressure ulcers is collected through an ad hoc register, the risk of pressure ulcers is measured with the Norton scale and frailty is measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery tool; both instruments with good psychometric properties. The results show no significant relationship between frailty groups and the presence of pressure ulcers, although it is noteworthy that no person with pressure ulcers exists in robust and prefrail groups; thus, all people with pressure ulcers are classified as frail (21.4%) or dependents (78.6%). However, there are significant differences between the frailty groups established by the Short Physical Performance Batrery and the risk of pressure ulcers among all frailty groups (,060 greater than p greater than ,001) except in the prefrail-robust relationship. In addition, a positive correlation appears between the risk of pressure ulcers and the situation of frailty, so that at higher risk of pressure ulcers, there is a greater situation of frailty and/or dependence. Results achieved allow the detection of the population most at risk of pressure ulcers, which would make it possible to implement early interventions aimed at preventing them based on the differences found between the groups.Investigación transversal y de tipo descriptivo para estudiar la relación entre la situación de fragilidad de las personas mayores institucionalizadasyla presencia de úlceras por presión yel riesgo desufrirlas;en una muestra de 194 participantes. La presencia de úlceras por presión se recoge a través de un registro ad hoc, el riesgo de padecer úlceras por presión se mide con la escala de Norton y la fragilidad se con la herramienta Short Physical Performance Battery; ambos instrumentos con buenas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados no muestran relación significativa entre los grupos de fragilidad y la presencia de UPP, aunque resulta destacable la no existencia de ninguna persona con úlceras por presión en los grupos de personas robustas y prefrágiles; así, todas las personas que presentan úlceras por presión se catalogan como frágiles (21,4%) o dependientes (78,6%). Sin embargo, sí que existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de fragilidad que establece el Short Physical Performance Battery y el riesgo de úlceras por presión entre todos los grupos de fragilidad (,060 mayor que p mayor que ,001) excepto en la relación prefrágil-robusto. Además, aparece una correlación positiva entre el riesgo de úlceras por presión y la situación de fragilidad, de forma que a mayor riesgo de UPP, existe mayor situación de fragilidad y/o dependencia.  Los resultados obtenidos permiten la detección de la población con mayor riesgo de úlceras por presión, lo que posibilitaría implementar intervenciones precoces encaminadas a la prevención de las mismas en base a las diferencias encontradas entre los grupos

    Estudio sobre el nivel de salud en los estudiantes de ciencias de la Universidad de Extremadura (España)

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    Within positive psychology, one of the research topics is the exploration of people’s well-being and for this, studies have been conducted on the strengths and predictive variables of happiness, including perceived health. University students face changes in their lives and changes in new roles directed towards their future, as well as new expectations and horizons. The present work has as objective to know the perceived health in the students of sciences of the University of Extremadura. Perceived health is considered an indicator of general health, it is identified with a part of psychological well-being, a possible indicator of a positive psychological adaptation to major changes. The study of these variables will not allow to know the quality of life related to the performance of their functions as students and their relationships with both the university and its student environment. The health variable and its relationship with gender, age and degree have been analyzed. The sample is made up of 503 science students from the University of Extremadura. The instrument used has been the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) This scale reflects questions related to the absence or presence of symptoms of psychological distress such as lack of sleep, mood alterations, etc. The results indicate that men have a higher perception of health than women, that there is no indirect relationship between the age of the students and their level of health, nor are there differences in the health of the students depending on their degree.Dentro de la psicología positiva uno de los temas de investigación es la exploración en el bienestar de las personas y para ello se han realizado estudios sobre las fortalezas y las variables predictoras de lafelicidad, entre ellas la salud percibida. Los estudiantes universitarios se enfrentan a cambios en sus vidas y cambios en nuevos roles dirigidos hacia su futuro, así como a nuevas expectativas y horizontes.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la salud percibida en los estudiantes de ciencias de la Universidad de Extremadura. La salud percibida se considera un indicador de la salud general, se identifica con una parte del bienestar psicológico, posible indicador de una adaptación psicológica positiva a los grandes cambios. El estudio de dichas variables no va a permitir conocer la calidad de vida relacionada con el desempeño de sus funciones como estudiantes y de sus relaciones tanto con la universidad como con su entorno estudiantil. Se ha analizado la variable salud y su relación con el género, edad y titulación. La muestra está compuesta por 503 alumnos de ciencias de la Universidad de Extremadura. El instrumento empleado ha sido el Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg (GHQ12) Esta escala refleja preguntas relacionadas con la ausencia o presencia de síntomas de malestar psicológico como falta de sueño, alteraciones en el estado de ánimo, etc. Los resultados indican que los varones presentan mayor percepción de salud que las mujeres, que no existe una relación indirecta entre edad del alumnado y su nivel de salud ni tampoco diferencias de salud del alumnado dependiendo de su titulación

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    International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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