International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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O impacto da pandemia Covid-19 na vida dos idosos: perceção e mudança
Get PDFThe effects of the pandemic have extrapolated ages and borders, reaching allage groups. In Portugal, as in most countries of the world, we are going through a situation of serious social inequalities, social exclusion and poverty, lack of opportunities in terms ofaccess to health, education, culture, and justice and rights for all, situations worsened by the Covid-19 Pandemic. The elderly population in the present context, identified as a vulnerable group, presents a higher risk of disease complications, death is significantly higher in the elderly with comorbidities and the risk of complications is also higher. The pandemic has shown us that all elderly people are different and have their own particularities. In order to understand the impact of the pandemic in the lives of the elderly, a qualitative and descriptive exploratory study was carried out, supported by a semi-structured interview script, with 17 people over 67 years old, residing in the Algarve region. The general objective of the study was to understand the subjective meanings and perceptions of the participants regarding the way they faced social restrictions, how they managed the impossibility or reduction of social contacts and how they readapted to a new reality and and what resources or strategies they used. The results showed that most of the interviewees believe that the pandemic crisis had significant impacts on their social relationships and physical and mental health, since they were deprived, given the successive confinements, of carrying out their activities. Responses to the pandemic should be multidisciplinary, combining practice with theory, collaborative, where there is negotiation of local and national partnerships, with economic support to minimize social inequalities in access to goods and services by the elderly.Os efeitos da pandemia extrapolaram idades e fronteiras, atingindo todas as faixas etárias. Em Portugal, como na maior parte dos países do Mundo, atravessamos uma conjuntura de graves desigualdades sociais, fenómenos de exclusão social e pobreza, falta de oportunidades, no que diz respeito ao acesso a saúde, a educação, a cultura e a justiça e direitos para todos, situações agravadas pela Pandemia da Covid-19. A população idosa no presente contexto, identificado como grupo vulnerável, apresenta um maior risco de complicações na doença, a morte é significativamente mais elevada em idosos com comorbidades bem como o risco de complicações também é mais acentuado. A pandemia veio mostrar-nos que todos os idosos são diferentes e possuem as suas particularidades. Para compreender o impacto da pandemia na vida dos idosos realizou-se um trabalho exploratório, qualitativo e descritivo, suportado por um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, a 17 pessoas com mais de 67 anos, residentes na região do Algarve. O objetivo geral do estudo era entender as significações subjetivas e perceções dos participantes relativamente à forma como encararam as restrições sociais, como geriram a impossibilidade ou diminuição dos contactos sociais e como se readaptaram a uma nova realidade e que recursos ou estratégias utilizaram. Os resultados demostraram que a maioria dos entrevistados acredita que a crise pandémica teve impactos significativos nas suas relações sociais e na saúde física e mental, uma vez que se viram privados, dados os sucessivos confinamentos, de realizarem as suas atividades. As respostas à pandemia devem ser multidisciplinares, aliando a prática à teoria, colaborativas, onde exista a negociação de parcerias locais e nacionais, com apoios económicos para minimizar as desigualdades sociais no acesso a bens e serviços por parte dos idosos
La utilidad de la bioimpedancia en personas mayores
Get PDFIn the aging stage bio-psycho-social changes occur that make the elderly population a highly susceptible group to present alterations in the nutritional status that causes changes in the structure of the body, such as decreased cell mass, loss of proteins or alterations in relation to intra and extracellular fluids, this has a negative impact on the course of diseases in both development and recovery. A thorough nutritional assessment is very important to be able to make an appropriate nutritional approach, for this we can use multiple scales, assessments, and diagnostic tests. The use of bioelectrical impedanceanalysis(BIA) is based on theability of the human bodyto conductelectrical current. Body composition analysis consists of the fractionation of total body mass into its various components. By means of this literature review from sources of greater to lesser evidence, we tried to determine whether the performance of the technique can improve the quality of life of the elderly. By virtue of the different articles studied, variability is observed in terms of the results obtained. Considering electrical impedance as a useful non-invasive tool for the analysis of body composition, although it is true that a greater error is estimated if the patient presents dehydration or fluid overload. If we evaluate it according to our objective, it leads us to the conclusion that an exhaustive evaluation would be necessary, being beneficial in elderly people with obesity or with renal insufficiency, which are the pathologies that have shown more efficiency for the technique, however, people with cachexia, with liquid overload due to edema or with signs of dehydration could give us error or not be useful.En la etapa de envejecimiento se producen cambios bio-psico-sociales que convierten a las población de edad avanzada en un colectivo altamente susceptible de presentar alteraciones en el estado nutricional que provoca cambios en la estructura del organismo, tales como la disminución de la masa celular, perdida de proteínas o alteraciones en relación a los líquidos intra y extracelular, esto repercute negativamente en el curso de enfermedades tanto en el desarrollo como en la recuperación. Una valoración nutricional minuciosa es muy importante para poder hacer un abordaje nutricional apropiado, para ello nos podemos valer de múltiples escalas, valoraciones, y pruebas diagnósticas. La utilización del análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) se basa en la capacidad del cuerpo humano para conducir la corriente eléctrica. El análisis de la composición corporal consiste en el fraccionamiento de la masa corporal total en sus distintos componentes. Mediante esta revisión bibliográfica desde de fuentes de mayor a menor evidencia , intentamos determinar si la realización de la técnica puede mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. En virtud de los diferentes artículos estudiados, se observa variabilidad en cuanto los resultados obtenidos. Considerando la impedancia eléctrica como una herramienta útil no invasiva para el análisis de la composición corporal, si bien es verdad que se estima mayor error si el paciente presenta deshidratación o sobrecarga de líquidos. Si lo valoramos en función de nuestro objetivo, nos lleva a la conclusión de que sería necesario una valoración exhaustiva, siendo beneficiosa en personas mayores con obesidad o con insuficiencia renal que son las patologías que han demostrado más eficacia para la técnica, sin embargo las personas con caquexia, con sobrecarga liquida por edemas o con signos de deshidratación podrían darnos error o no ser útil
Mindfulness e inteligencia emocional en el afrontamiento de conflictos intrapersonales e interpersonales
Get PDFThe main objective of this paper is to analyse the link between emotional competences and skills, and mindfulness. This includes full attention awareness and efficient resources and strategies to manage conflicts and solve problems within and among individuals. To do so, both quantitative and qualitative quasi experimental research was conducted. 117 university students with no disorders who had taken a training course in mindfulness participated in the experiment. Results show that personal variables related to emotions and full awareness are closely intertwined. Being at the basis of appropriate management of conflict, they are key to personal and social wellbeing. This makes us realise how important it is for problem-solving professionals to know about these variables. By taking them into account in mediation and negotiation processes, they will be able to help people solve their conflicts and reach agreements successfully while becoming aware of their personal transformation.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar la relación entre las competencias y habilidades emocionales y el mindfulness -como toma de conciencia de atención plena- y como recursos y estrategias eficaces para la gestión y resolución de conflictos intrapersonales e interpersonales. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación cuasi-experimental, de tipo tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo en la que intervinieron 117 estudiantes universitarios sin ningún tipo de patología y que habían participado en un programa de entrenamiento en mindfulness. Los resultados nos indican que las variables personales de tipo emocional y la toma de conciencia plena mantienen una alta relación y subyacen en un afrontamiento adecuado de los conflictos por lo que contribuyen al bienestar personal y social. Esto nos permite reflexionar sobre la importancia del conocimiento de estas variables por parte de los/as profesionales en la resolución de conflictos, para que en su actuación negociadora o mediadora faciliten a las personas en el proceso no solo resolver el conflicto de forma satisfactoria y de llegar a un acuerdo, sino la toma de conciencia de su transformación personal
¿Cómo se percibe la aplicación de procesos de calidad de la ingeniería, en la administración pública?
Get PDFThis research focuses on the quality processes applied in the Port Administration of Veracruz (APIVER). Responsible for providing infrastructure and port services with an efficient logistics model that favors the optimization of costs in the goods value chains, which generating greater profitability for the port and its business partners. We carried out a study among the APIVER command staffand theexternalstaff working in the portarea. To do this, wasapplied the questionnaire through a Google app, in order to find out the level of knowledge they have regarding the quality processes.El objeto de esta investigación son los procesos de calidad aplicados en la Administración Portuaria de Veracruz, misma que es la encargada de proporcionar infraestructura y servicios portuarios, con un modelo logístico eficiente, que favorezca la optimización de los costos en las cadenas de valor de las mercancías, generando mayor rentabilidad para el puerto y sus socios comerciales. Se realizó una investigación entre el personal de mando de la APIVER y el personal externo que labora en el recinto portuario, en el cual se aplicó un cuestionario mediante una aplicación de Google, para darnos cuenta del nivel de conocimiento que cuentan con los procesos de calidad
Auto-efficacite chez les meres allaitantes de nouveau-nes prematures
Get PDFBreast milk is considered as the ideal food for newborns, including preterm babies, with nutritional, biological, emotional and socioeconomic benefits for the child and the family. For preterm babies, breastfeeding has an essential function because it is associated with the shortening of hospitalization time and various clinical conditions resulting from prematurity. Studies indicate a low breastfeeding rate among mothers of preterm babies and often early weaning. Currently, the literature identifies breastfeeding self-efficacy as an important variable that affects outcomes in breastfeeding success. To identify the main instrument dedicated to the assessment of preterm mothers’ breast feeding self-efficacy, an integrative literature review was conducted about studies, evaluations and instruments forassessing self-efficacyin breastfeeding mothers of preterm babies. Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) was found to be the main instrument for assessing a mother’s confidence in her ability to breastfeed. For these mothers, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form for Mothers of Ill or Preterm Infants (BSES-SFMIPI) was especially developed, enabling the recognition of maternal expectations and experiences, allowing the identification of mothers of preterm babies who are at risk of interrupting breastfeeding, and favoring the development of individual strategies to encourage and successfully breastfeed these babies.Le lait maternel est reconnu comme aliment idéal pour les nouveau-nés, y compris les prématurés, avec des avantages nutritionnels, biologiques, émotionnels et socio-économiques pour l’enfant et la famille. Pour les bébés prématurés, l’allaitement joue un rôle essentiel dans la mesure où il est associé à une réduction du temps d’hospitalisation et à divers états cliniques résultant d’une prématurité. Les études indiquent un faible taux d’allaitement parmi les mères de nouveau-nés prématurés et, souvent, un sevrage précoce. Actuellement, la littérature identifie l’auto-efficacité dans l’allaitement comme une variable importante qui influe sur les résultats de la réussite de l’allaitement. Afin d’identifier le principal instrument dédié à l’évaluation de l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes de bébés prématurés, une revue intégrative de la littérature a été réalisée sur les études, les évaluations et les instruments utilisés pour évaluer l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes des bébés prématurés. Il a été constaté que la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) est le principal instrument d’évaluation de la confiance d’une mère relativement à sa capacité d’allaiter. Pour ces mères, la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form for Mothers of Ill or Preterm Infants (BSES-SFMIPI) permet de reconnaître les attentes et les expériences maternelles, d’identifier les mères de bébés prématurés à risque d’interrompre l’allaitement et aussi de proposer des stratégies individuelles pour encourager les mères et allaiter avec succès ces enfants.Le lait maternel est reconnu comme aliment idéal pour les nouveau-nés, y compris les prématurés, avec des avantages nutritionnels, biologiques, émotionnels et socio-économiques pour l’enfant et la famille. Pour les bébés prématurés, l’allaitement joue un rôle essentiel dans la mesure où il est associé à une réduction du temps d’hospitalisation et à divers états cliniques résultant d’une prématurité. Les études indiquent un faible taux d’allaitement parmi les mères de nouveau-nés prématurés et, souvent, un sevrage précoce. Actuellement, la littérature identifie l’auto-efficacité dans l’allaitement comme une variable importante qui influe sur les résultats de la réussite de l’allaitement. Afin d’identifier le principal instrument dédié à l’évaluation de l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes de bébés prématurés, une revue intégrative de la littérature a été réalisée sur les études, les évaluations et les instruments utilisés pour évaluer l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes des bébés prématurés. Il a été constaté que la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) est le principal instrument d’évaluation de la confiance d’une mère relativement à sa capacité d’allaiter. Pour ces mères, la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form for Mothers of Ill or Preterm Infants (BSES-SFMIPI) permet de reconnaître les attentes et les expériences maternelles, d’identifier les mères de bébés prématurés à risque d’interrompre l’allaitement et aussi de proposer des stratégies individuelles pour encourager les mères et allaiter avec succès ces enfants
Sobrecarga en tiempos de covid-19 en los profesionales de atención directa en geriatría: técnicas en atención sociosanitaria. Propuesta de actuación.
No full textOn March 14th of 2020 an event happened in Spain at the national level that cause changes in the professional and private life of all the Spanish people. At that time, the pandemic COVID-19 starts to be experienced in our country. During confinement many people were isolated of their former life, other ones kept teleworking, adapting themselves to new situation but feeling themselves safe at their homes, and many others kept working at their workplaces, with their common schedule but they faced situations never lived before at their workplaces but they had to face them. In this third group are found the geriatric direct aid professionals: assistants and technicians of social health care aid. In this work the role of assistants and technicians of social health care aid in both senior residence institutions and home aid is described, including their functions and skills in time of COVID-19. An approach to the study of the technicians’ overload during the first months of pandemic are analysed, by means of the study of real cases of burnout and emotional wear in a group of technicians that work at Segovia city and surroundings in both institutions and home aid. In addition, the intervention performed in terms of the design of a plan for phycological support for this type of workers is included. From this study, future lines of intervention are proposed related with the phycological support needed by the formal care sector of elder people in both residential institutions and home aid.El día 14 de marzo del año 2020 se produce en España un suceso a nivel nacional que provoca cambios en la vida personal y profesional de todas las personas, se comienza a experimentar en ese momento la pandemia Covid-19 en nuestro país. Durante el confinamiento muchas personas se aislaron de su vida anterior, otras siguieron teletrabajando, adaptándose a la nueva situación pero sintiéndose protegidas en sus domicilios, y muchas otras,siguieron trabajando en sus puestos,con sus horarios de siempre pero enfrentándose a unas situaciones que nunca habían vivido en sus puestos de trabajo y que debían afrontar. En este tercer grupo se encuentran los profesionales de atención directa en geriatría: auxiliares y técnicos en atención sociosanitaria. En este trabajo se recoge el papel de los auxiliares y técnicos en atención sociosanitaria en instituciones residenciales, sus funciones y competencias en tiempos de Covid-19. Se realiza una aproximación al estudio de la sobrecarga de los/as técnicos durante los primeros meses de la pandemia Covid-19,a través del estudio de casos reales de burnout y desgaste emocional en un grupo de técnicos que trabajan en Segovia capital y provincia en instituciones. Además, se aporta la intervención realizada a través del diseño de un programa de apoyo psicológico a trabajadores de este sector. A raíz de este estudio se proponen unas líneas de intervención futuras relacionadas con el apoyo psicológico que necesita el sector de cuidados formales de personas mayores tanto en instituciones residenciales
Percepción ciudadana del uso de las tic y la enseñanza online durante la pandemia
Get PDFThe pandemic that we are currently suffering worldwide has caused a behavioral change in all areas of life: restrictions on mobility, mandatory use of masks, etc. One of the most affected sectors has been education, since for several months schools have been closed, so that students could not attend classes. After the first days, the centers sought to implement as an alternative distance classes through digital platforms or videoconferencing, however, this situation may highlight and even widen the digital divide among some students, increasing the difficulties of illiteracy because all families do not have the same opportunities to access the necessary technical support. Given that education is a social and public service, a form was developed with the aim of finding out the opinion of nonteaching citizens on this and other issues related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for literacy. The questionnaire was divided into four sections. The first to collect basic socio demographic data and information about their situation during confinement. The second section asked questions related to the decision to take classes online, related to the digital divide, vulnerability, literacy opportunities or digital competence. The third asked about the resource they considered most appropriate, and the fourth asked about the degree of appropriateness of certain tools during online classes. The sample consisted of 47 participants between 25 and 56 years of age, 30 women and 17 men, all of Spanish nationality although from 7 different Autonomous Communities. The results indicate that the majority opinion is that students have not learned during the online classes as if they had been in the classroom (85.11%), although 68.09% say that this type of class has allowed the literacy of students in kindergarten and primary school. In relation to the digital divide, 82.98% of the participants indicated that the closure of educational centers has increased it, as well as the vulnerability of students (70.21%), and that the use of ICTs does not promote equal learning opportunities (78.72%). The results also indicate that the main tools used for online teaching are well valued, with the use of video hosting platforms such as YouTube being the least appreciated. From this perspective, and in line with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) of UNESCO’s 2030 Agenda, which focuses on guaranteeing equal learning opportunities for all, it is concluded that although ICTs have temporarily addressed an educational crisis, more work is needed to ensure that this alternative is a truly effective way of continuing with literacy in cases where compulsory education cannot be carried out in the school center.La Pandemia que en la actualidad estamos sufriendo a nivel mundial ha provocado un cambio conductual en todos los ámbitos de la vida: restricciones en movilidad, uso obligatorio de mascarillas, etc. Uno de los sectores más afectados ha sido la educación, ya que durante varios meses los centros educativos han estado cerrados, de tal forma que los estudiantes no podían asistir a clase. Pasados los primeros días los centros buscaron implantar como alternativa las clases a distancia a través de plataformas digitales o videoconferencias, no obstante, esta situación puede poner en evidencia e, incluso, ampliar la brecha digital entre algunos estudiantes, aumentando las dificultades de aflabetización debido a que todas las familias no disponen de las mismas oportunidades para acceder a los soportes técnicos necesarios. Dado que la educación es un servicio social y público, se elaboro un formulario con el objetivo de conocer la opinión de la ciudadanía no docente respecto a esta y otras cuestiones relacionadas con las las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para la alfabetización. El cuestionario estaba dividido en cuatro secciones. La primera para recoger datos sociodemográficos básicos e información sobre su situación durante el confinamiento. La segunda donde se preguntaban cuestiones relacionadas con la decisión de hacer online las clases, relacionadas con la brecha digital, la vulnerabilidad, las oportunidades de alfabetización o la competencia digital. La tercera para preguntar por el recurso que consideraban más adecuado y, la cuarta, donde se preguntaba el grado de adecuación de determinadas herramientas durante las clases online. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 47 participantes de entre 25 y 56 años, 30 mujeres y 17 hombres, todos de nacionalidad española aunque de 7 Comunidades Autónomas diferentes. Los resultados indican que la opinión mayoritaria es que los alumnos no han aprendido durante las clases online igual que si hubiesen estado en presencialidad (85,11%), aunque un 68,09% señalan que este tipo de clases ha permitido la alfabetización de los estudiantes de Infantil y Primaria. En relación con la brecha digital, un 82,98% de los participantes señalan que el cierre de los centros educativos la ha incrementado, al igual que la vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes (70,21%), señalando además, que la utilización de las TIC no promueve las mismas oportunidades de aprendizaje (78,72%). Los resultados señalan también que las principales herramientas utilizadas para la docencia online están bien valoradas, siendo el uso de plataformas de alojamiento de vídeos como Youtube la menos apreciada. Bajo este prisma y, en consecuencia con el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 4 (ODS 4) de la Agenda 2030 de la UNESCO que se centra en la garantía de promover las mismas oportunidades de aprendizaje para todos, se concluye que si bien las TIC han permitido abordar de forma temporal una crisis educativa se debe seguir trabajando para que esta alternativa sea un modo realmente efectivo de seguir con la alfabetización en los casos en que la educación obligatoria no pueda realizarse en el centro escolar
Qualidade de vida familiar: a perceção de familiares de pessoas com doença neurodegenerativa
Get PDFChronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative ones, develop progressive effects that potentiate suffering and exhaustion, both in the patient and in the caring family , and may affect their quality of life in several áreas. Objectives: To know family’s concept of quality of life and the main affected áreas by the caring process to patients with a neurodegenerative disease. To identify in family’s point of view, their main needs to well care. Methods: A qualitative and phenomenological study was developed using the focus group technique with five family members of patients with a neurodegenerative disease, using an interview guide with questions related to the perception of family quality of life, most affected areas and felt needs. Results: Collected data were submitted to content analysis, highlighting as main categories: the quality of family life as global well-being; the implications for social life, family functioning; the emotional and life projects; needs in terms of family enabling and professional background. Conclusions: Results highlight that family functioning is deeply affected within the frame of a neurodegenrative disease in one of its members, which shows us the need to assess family quality of life to an effective intervention in improving the daily lives of these families.As doenças crónicas, como as neurodegenerativas, desenvolvem efeitos progressivos potencializadores de sofrimento e desgaste, tanto no doente que as suporta, como na família que os cuida, podendo afetar a qualidade de vida familiar em diversas áreas. Objetivos: Conhecer o conceito de qualidade de vida familiar e as principais áreas afetadas decorrentes da prestação de cuidados, apresentadas pelas famílias cuidadoras de pessoas com doença neurodegenerativa. Identificar na perspetiva das mesmas as principais necessidades para bem cuidar. Métodos: Recorreu-se a um estudo qualitativo de cariz fenomenológico, com recurso a técnica do focus group com cinco familiares de doentes com doença neurodegenerativa, mediante um guião de entrevista com questões relacionadas com a perceção da qualidade de vida familiar, áreas mais afetadas e necessidades sentidas. Resultados: O material recolhido foi submetido a análise de conteúdo destacando-se como principais categorias: a qualidade de vida familiar enquanto bem-estar global; as implicações na vida social, no funcionamento familiar; as implicações emocionais e nos projetos de vida; necessidades ao nível da capacitação familiar e da retaguarda profissional. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam que o funcionamento familiar se altera profundamente no quadro de uma doença neurodegenerativa de um dos seus membros, o que releva a necessidade da avaliação da qualidade de vida familiar para uma intervenção eficaz na melhoria do quotidiano destas famílias.
Para além da iliteracia em saúde: questões e reações
Get PDFIn catastrophic situations such as the one we are experiencing, because of COVID-19 pandemic, a feeling of alarm grows in the population and alters the usual ways of facing uncertain future, including our own health. New habits of thinking and acting are emerging. At the interpersonal level of Social Psychology, we are faced with affective and cognitive dissonances that can reach “negationism” with regard to the preventive measures decreed by the Government, the taking of vaccines and medications, and the assessment of one`s own health. Driven by a fad that is hard to pass, some try to explain these attitudes and behaviors by invoking illiteracy in health. In previous studies, O.G. Pereira, P.M. Gonçalves, S. Brito and S. Mendes (2014; 2016), showed that illiteracy is a minor factor. It is better to attribute the effects found to stress, coping strategies, and harmful habits and life styles, if you postulate a circular causality among them. The present longitudinal study aims to deepen the previous findings, using similar instruments, but taking into account what happened to the same student-subjects in the last three years, the last one being that of the Pandemic. Data were studied by year and school (Health Sciences and Tourism and Maritime Technology). The results showed that health evaluation do not varies across years and schools. In addition, it was significant that the coping strategies of thought led to denial or to the use of humor to get past the problem. Anthropometric data are considered in six graphics, by year and school. Health evaluation are presented in table 1. The interrelations among coping strategies (action and though) with noxious health habits are in tables 2, 3, 4 and 5.Em situações catastróficas como a que estamos a viver cresce na população um sentimento de alarme que altera o modo de encarar a vida do dia-a-dia com um futuro incerto, inclusive a própria saúde. Criam-se mesmo novos hábitos de pensar e de agir. Se examinarmos esta questão no plano interpessoal da Psicologia Social deparamo-nos com dissonâncias afetivas e cognitivas que podem chegar ao “negacionismo” no que respeita às medidas preventivas decretadas pelo Governo, à toma das vacinas e medicamentos, e à apreciação do próprio estado de saúde. Levados por uma moda que custa a passar, alguns tentam explicar estas atitudes e comportamentos invocando a iliteracia em saúde. Em estudos anteriores O.G.Pereira, P.M. Gonçalves, S. Brito e S. Mendes (2014; 2016), mostraram que a iliteracia é um fator pouco relevante, sendo de atribuir os efeitos encontrados ao stresse, às estratégias de coping, e aos hábitos e estilos de vida nocivos. O presente estudo longitudinal visa aprofundar os resultados anteriores, utilizando instrumentos semelhantes, mas tendo em consideração o que aconteceu aos mesmos estudantes-sujeitos nos últimos três anos, sendo o último já o da Pandemia. Os dados foram estudados por ano e por escola (Saúde e Turismo e Tecnologia Marítima). Os resultados evidenciaram que o estado de saúde não varia entre os anos e as escolas. Além disso foi significativo que as estratégias de coping associadas ao pensamento levaram à negação ou ao uso do humor para superar o problema. Os dados antropométricos são considerados em seis gráficos, por ano e escola. A avaliação da saúde é apresentada na tabela 1. As inter-relações entre as estratégias de enfrentamento (ação e pensamento) com os hábitos nocivos à saúde estão nas tabelas 2, 3, 4 e 5
Implicancias socioeducativas de la generatividad en educadores rurales chilenos
Get PDFGenerativity becomes a promising educational dimension among those who exercise rural teaching professionalism in Chilean school contexts. Its development would be given by the set of behaviors, practices and strategies that guide the professional work of the rural educator, manifesting itself in the knowledge, experiences and relational dynamics that they establish with the students and their communitiesof origin, favoring the historical-cultural recognition of the traditions and particular characteristics of the territory in which the rural school is located. Objective: to interpret and understand, from a generative narrative perspective, the behavior patterns built by rural teachers, contributing to the systematization and generation of new ways of understanding the rural professional teaching task. Method: a qualitative interpretive approach is adopted, following a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional design. The sample is intentional, made up of 6 educators who have at least 30 years of experience in rural schools present in the Metropolitan, La Araucanía and Los Ríos Regions (Chile). For the interpretation of the data, content analysis is used, following the logic of grounded theory and in-depth interviews from the generative narrative perspective. Results: In a preliminary way, the life stories of rural educators show the development of potentially generative pedagogical practices, characterized by the autonomy, humility and optimism with which they interact daily with students and their families, highlighting the pedagogical implication and the high expectations regarding development. of its students as dimensions of enormous educational value in Chilean rural education.La generatividad se transforma en una dimensión educativa prometedora entre quienes ejercen la profesionalidad docente rural en contexto escolares chilenos. Su desarrollo estaría dado por el conjunto de comportamientos, prácticas y estrategias que orientan el quehacer profesional del educador rural, manifestándose en los saberes, experiencias y dinámicas relacionales que establecen con el alumnado y sus comunidades de origen, favoreciendo el reconocimiento histórico-cultural de las tradiciones y características particulares del territorio en el que se encuentra la escuela rural. Objetivo: interpretar y comprender, desde una perspectiva narrativa generativa, las pautas de comportamiento construidas por el profesorado rural, contribuyendo a la sistematización y generación de nuevas formas de comprensión del quehacer profesional docente rural. Método: se adopta un enfoque interpretativo cualitativo, siguiendo un diseño descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal. La muestra es de carácter intencional, conformada por 6 educadores que poseen al menos 30 años de experiencia en escuelas rurales presentes en las Regiones Metropolitana, La Araucanía y los Ríos (Chile). Para la interpretación de los datos, se recurre al análisis de contenido, siguiendo la lógica de la Teoría Fundamentada y las Entrevistas en Profundidad desde la perspectiva narrativa generativa. Resultados: Preliminarmente, las historias de vida de los educadores rurales evidencian el desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas potencialmente generativas, caracterizadas por la autonomía, humildad y el optimismo con el que se relacionan cotidianamente con el alumnado y sus familias, destacándose la implicación pedagógica y las altas expectativas frente al desarrollo de sus estudiantes como dimensiones de enorme valor educativo en la ruralidad chilena