International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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No full textINFAD Journal, no. 1, vol. 2, year 2022: "MEETING WITH SCIENCE. A REFLECTION ON THE UNIVERSITY"Revista INFAD, no. 1, vol. 2, año 2022: "ENCONTRÁNDONOS CON LA CIENCIA. UNA REFLEXIÓN SOBRE LA UNIVERSIDAD
Construção de uma metodologia de avaliação da importância das soft skills na intervenção precoce na infância
Get PDFSoft skills are non-technical skills that influence job success. Its importance is increasingly highlighted in the organizational world, as they contribute significantly to the good performance and the professional development. There is, however, a gap with regard to its study in professions that involve a helping relationship, as in the case of Early Intervention in Infancy (IPI) implemented in a family centered perspective by multiprofessional teams. This study aims to build a questionnaire that allows assessing the importance of soft skills for IPI professionals, as well as realizing their mastery over these skills and their use in professional practice. The questionnaire was built from a wide list of soft skills referred to in scientific literature, being called experts to assess the clarity of the concept and its relevance for the practice of IPI. The study had the participation of 8 portuguese specialists. In general, soft skills obtained high percentages in both criteria, however, three competencies were excluded from the initial list, one added and twelve were reviewed, resulting in a total of 48 items in the final questionnaire. As soft skills são competências não técnicas que influenciam o sucesso laboral. A sua importância é cada vez mais destacada no mundo organizacional, pois contribuem significativamente para o bom desempenho e o desenvolvimento do percurso profissional. Verifica-se, no entanto, uma lacuna no que concerne ao seu estudo nas profissões que envolvem uma relação de ajuda, como no caso da Intervenção Precoce na Infância (IPI) implementada numa perspetiva centrada na família por equipas multiprofissionais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo construir um questionário que permita avaliar a importância das soft skills para os profissionais de IPI, bem como perceber o seu domínio sobre estas competências e a respectiva utilização no desempenho profissional. O questionário foi constituído a partir uma ampla lista de soft skills referidas em literatura científica, sendo chamados especialistas para avaliar a clareza do conceito e a sua pertinência para a prática de IPI. O estudo contou com a participação de 8 especialistas portugueses. De modo geral, as soft skills obtiveram percentagens altas em ambos os critérios, no entanto, após a avaliação dos participantes, foram excluídas três competências da lista inicial, adicionada uma e doze foram alvo de revisão, resultando um total de 48 itens no questionário final
Construção e validação da escala de literacia em saúde sexual e reprodutiva
Get PDFBackground: Health literacy is fundamental and helps individuals to make informed decisions for health. In this context, sexual and reproductive health literacy enables individuals to experience their sexuality better, as it involves individual behaviors, relationships and protection of physical and mental health. Objectives: To construct and validate a sexual and reproductive health literacy scale (SRHLS). Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, with a sample of 924 higher education students. Thevalidation process included the internal consistency study and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: We obtained a scale with 15 items, divided into 3 factors (Reproductive, Contraception and STI Literacy; Literacy on the Impact of Teenage Pregnancy; Literacy on Affect, Sexual Abuse and Exploitation and Dating Violence), which explained 77.761% of the variance. The internal consistency of the scale was 0.964. The instrument shows good internal consistency. Conclusion: The instrument proved to be valid and reliable. The development of educational/training programmes on sexual and reproductive health can help young adults to demonstrate greater sexual and reproductive health literacy, with an impact on physical and mental health.Enquadramento: A literacia em saúde é fundamental, e contribui para que os indivíduos tomem decisões fundamentadas para a saúde. Neste âmbito, a literacia em saúde sexual e reprodutiva capacita os indivíduos para uma melhor vivência da sua sexualidade, pois envolve comportamentos individuais, relações e proteção da saúde física e mental. Objetivos: Construir e validar uma escala de literacia em saúde sexual e reprodutiva (ELSSR). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, com uma amostra de 924 estudantes do ensino superior. O processo de validação incluiu o estudo de consistência interna e a análise fatorial, exploratória e confirmatória. Resultados: Obteve-se uma escala de 15 itens, distribuídos por 3 fatores (Literacia em Reproducao, Contracecao e IST; Literacia sobre o Impacto da Gravidez Adolescente; Literacia em Afetos, Abuso e Exploracao Sexual e Violência no Namoro), que explicam 77,761% da variância. A consistência interna da escala foi de 0.964. O instrumento apresenta boa consistência interna. Conclusão: O instrumento revelou-se válido e fiável. O desenvolvimento de programas educativos/formativos sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva podemajudar os jovens adultos a evidenciar maior literacia em saúde sexual e reprodutiva, com impacto para a saúdefísica e mental
Innovación educativa: revisión de experiencias con píldoras educativas o formativas
Get PDFA systematic review study is presented on the implementation of the “Educational or Training Pills” methodology as an educational innovation in university education. The review aims to present those experiences carried out in the Spanish universityenvironment, presenting how this methodology has been incorporated into the classroom, in whatareas and with what successful experiences. A systematic review based on the “Prisma” methodology was carried out. A total of 33 documents are collected. A first conclusion is that there are very few experiences carried out, and that this methodology is still relatively new in the Spanish university context, since most of the experiences have been presented since 2017. In general, they present good results, but limited. Experiences are only collected in 17 of the 76 Spanish universities. The universities of Zaragoza, Alicante, Salamanca and La Laguna stand out for their number of contributions. It should also be noted that only one of these experiences that presents results follows a rigorous experimental design. In most cases, they are descriptive designs (a single group, with posttest measurements), which greatly limits the conclusions of these experiences. A summary of the main conclusions of the experiences is included.Se presenta un estudio de revisión sistemática sobre la implantación de la metodología de “Píldoras Educativas o Formativas” como innovación educativa en la formación universitaria. La revisión tiene como objetivo presentar aquellas experiencias realizadas en el ámbito universitario español, presentando cómo se ha ido incorporando esta metodología en las aulas, en qué áreas y con qué experiencias de éxito. Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en la metodología “Prisma”. Se recogen un total de 32 documentos. Una primera conclusión es que son muy pocas las experiencias realizadas, y que esta metodología es todavía relativamente novedosa en el contexto universitario español, ya que la mayoría de las experiencias se han presentado a partir de 2017. De forma generalizada presentan buenos resultados, pero limitados. Tan solo se recogen experiencias en 17 de las 76 universidades españolas. Destacan, por su número de contribuciones, las universidades de Zaragoza, Alicante, Salamanca y La Laguna. También cabe destacar que tan solo una de estas experiencias que presenta resultados sigue un riguroso diseño experimental. En la mayoría de los casos son diseños descriptivos (un solo grupo, con medidas post-test), lo cual limita mucho las conclusiones de estas experiencias. Se incluyen un resumen de las principales conclusiones de las experiencias
Ciberbullying xenófobo y/o racista en estudiantes de enseñanza musical
Get PDFThe study aims to compare xenophobic and/or racist cyberbullying among students enrolled or not in any musical education or conservatory. In the study, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test is performed, which indicated a non-normal distribution of the data that determined to use non-parametric tests. The sample is composed of 297 adolescents from the provinces of Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla. The instrument used was the Cyberbullying Scale for Students with Cultural and Religious Diversity (CSCRD). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test showed significant differences between the variables analyzed. The results of binary logistic regressions confirmed such differences and considered that students who were not enrolled in conservatories or music schools are more likely to be cyber-victims. In addition, these analyses also showed that these students are more likely to be cyber-aggressors. As conclusions it is stated that, minority groups who are not enrolled in conservatories or music schools are more likely to suffer cyberbullying and, in turn, are more likely to become cyber-aggressors as opposed to those who are enrolled in these music education centers. El estudio tiene como finalidad comparar el ciberbullying xenófobo y/o racista entre los estudiantes matriculados o no en alguna enseñanza musical o conservatorio. En el estudio se realiza la prueba estadística de Kolmogorov-Smirnov que indicó una distribución no normal de los datos que determinó utilizar pruebas no paramétricas. La muestra está compuesta por 297 adolescentes de las provincias de Andalucía, Ceuta y Melilla. El instrumento empleado fue el Cyberbullying Scale for Students with Cultural and Religious Diversity (CSCRD). Los resultados de la prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis mostraron diferencias significativas entre las variables analizadas. Los resultados de las regresiones logísticas binarias confirmaron tales diferencias y consideraron que los estudiantes que no se encontraban matriculados en conservatorios o escuelas de música son más propensos a ser ciber-víctimas. Además, estos análisis también mostraron que estos estudiantes son más propensos a ser ciberagresores. Como conclusiones se afirma que, los grupos minoritarios que no se encuentran matriculados en conservatorios o escuelas de música son más propensos a sufrir ciberacoso y, a su vez, son más propensos a convertirse en ciber-agresores a diferencia de los que se encuentran matriculados en estos centros de enseñanza musical
Creación de un enfoque para la educación tecnológica basado en la inteligencia y la conciencia tecnológicas
Get PDFThe work is a theoretical reflection on the subject of technological education, the need for this type of education from basic educational levels but with an approach oriented to the construction and promotion of technological intelligence, guided by technological awareness; both aspects as foundations of an education and didactic pedagogical actions closer to the epistemology of technological knowledge. From the beginning, the need for technology and its development in the current modern world is raised, before which a technological education is necessary with a different approach to the merely efficient applicative, derived from one without technological reason; technological education is defined from some traditional approaches, highlighting that this type of education is decisively related to the concept of technological knowledge. In the work, the definition of Technological Intelligence (TI) is proposed from a conception of technological knowledge and finally an approximation to the concept of “Technological Awareness” is made, as a fundamental idea in the proposal of an alternative approach for technological education. typical of today’s world. El trabajo es una reflexión teórica sobre el tema de la educación tecnológica, la necesidad de este tipo de educación desde niveles educativos básicos pero con un enfoque orientado a la construcción y fomento de una inteligencia tecnológica, guiada por una conciencia tecnológica; ambos aspectos como fundamentos de una educación y acciones pedagógico didácticas más cercanas a la epistemología del conocimiento tecnológico. De inicio se plantea la necesidad de la tecnología y su desarrollo en el mundo moderno actual, ante lo cual es necesaria una educación tecnológica con un enfoque diferente al meramente aplicativo eficientista, derivado de una sin razón tecnológica; se define lo que es la educación tecnológica desde algunos enfoques tradicionales, resaltando que este tipo de educación se relaciona de manera determinante con el concepto de conocimiento tecnológico. En el trabajo se propone la definición de Inteligencia Tecnológica (IT) a partir de una concepción del conocimiento tecnológico y finalmente se hace una aproximación al concepto de “Conciencia Tecnológica”, en tanto idea fundamental para la propuesta de un enfoque alternativo para la educación tecnológica propia del mundo actual
Satisfacción del profesorado y alumnado con la calidad de la educación superior
Get PDFFrom the perspective of the university as an organizational system. the achievement of qualityis determined both by individual actions and by the interaction of individuals with their organizational units. One of the objectives of higher education is to promote a quality teaching learning process. This work evaluates quality through the individual evaluation of teachers and students. The objective of this work is to know the level of individual satisfaction of teachers and students in relation to quality in higher education. For this purpose. a questionnaire was implemented to explore the strengths and weaknesses of students and faculty. The research was carried out in Spain and involved a total of 560 subjects, with a sample of 450 students and 110 teachers. A correlational study was carried out using Pearson’s correlation analysis. The main results show that the students value positively the school management of resources for teaching activities. the competencies pursued by the curriculum and the teachers value positively the educational collaboration of the school with other social institutions in the community. As a proposal for improvement. it is proposed to carry out an evaluation of the organizational units.Desde la perspectiva de la universidad como un sistema organizativo. el logro de la calidad está determinado tanto por las acciones individuales como por la interacción de los individuos con sus unidades organizativa. Uno de los objetivos planteados en la educación superior, es favorecer un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de calidad. Este trabajo, realiza la evaluación de la calidad a través de la evaluación individual de los docentes y alumnado. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer el nivel de satisfacción individual del profesorado y alumnado en relación a la calidad en educación superior. Para ello, se implementó un cuestionario donde se exploraron las fortalezas y debilidades con que se encuentran el alumnado y el profesorado. La investigación se realizó en España en ella participaron un total de 560 sujetos, con una muestra de 450 alumnos y 110 docentes. Se desarrolló un estudio de tipo correlacional empleando para ello el análisis de correlación de Pearson. Los principales resultados ponen de manifiesto que el alumnado valora positivamente la gestión escolar de los recursos para la actividad docente, las competencias que persigue el Plan de Estudios y el profesorado valora positivamente la colaboración educativa de la escuela con otras instituciones sociales delacomunidad. Como propuesta de mejora,se propone realizar una evaluación de las unidades organizativas
Efeito da formaçao nas conceçoes de educadoras de infância sobre a sexualidade infantil
No full textThe scarce training in sexuality education has been referred to in the literature as one of the main obstacles for childcare workers to approach pre-school children about sexuality. The view that this approach encourages early sexuality and corrupts the innocence of children contributes to the insecurity of professionals. To improve knowledge, beliefs and comfort, strengthening training in sexuality education has been highlighted as an important strategy. With the aim of verifying the effect of training on the conceptions of kindergarten teachers, in the context of an action research, a training workshop of 6 hours was carried out, in which 92 Portuguese professionals participated, with an average age of 41 years and a professional experience of 19 years. The participants answered an online questionnaire before and after the training workshop. The Questionnaire for Sex Education for Early Childhood Educators (QESEI), composed of 3 scales, resulted from the translation of the original questionnaire by Koch and Brick (1996). The data were statistically analysed using the SPSS program. We found that the mean values obtained after the training were significantly higher than before it for the three variables: knowledge (M=16.10±4.38) vs (M=9. 63±4.29), with t=-9.010 and p<.000; attitudes and beliefs (M=121.25±11.18) vs (M=110.90±=11.37) with t=-5.522 and p<.0001 and comfort (M=23.31±4.00), vs (M=20.80±4.72) with t =-3.400 and p<.001. It is concluded that the training workshop had a positive effect on the evolution of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs and comfort level of kindergarten teachers regarding the approach to the topic of sexuality in preschool education, which reveals the importance of specific training in this field as an important factor for professional development and overcoming obstacles.A escassa formação em educação para a sexualidade tem sido referida na literatura como um dos principais obstáculos das/os educadoras/es de infância, para abordagens sobre sexualidade junto das crianças em idade pré-escolar. A visão de que esta abordagem incentiva à sexualidade precoce e corrompe a inocência das crianças contribui para a insegurança das profissionais. Para melhorar o conhecimento, as crenças e o conforto, o reforço na formação em educação para a sexualidade tem sido apontado como uma estratégia importante. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da formação sobre as conceções das educadoras de infância, no contexto de uma investigação-ação, realizou-se uma oficina de formação de 6 horas, em que participaram 92 profissionais, portuguesas, com média de idades de 41 anos e de experiência profissional de 19 anos. As participantes responderam a um questionário on-line, antes e depois da oficina de formação. O Questionário de Educação Sexual para Educadoras/es de Infância (QESEI), composto por 3 escalas, resultou da tradução do original de Koch e Brick (1996). Os dados foram alvo de análise estatística com o programa SPSS. Constatou-se que os valores médios obtidos após a formação foram significativamente superiores aos do momento anterior à mesma para as três variáveis: conhecimento (M=16.10±4.38) vs (M=9.63±4.29), com t=-9.010 e p<.000; atitudes e crenças (M=121.25±11.18) vs (M=110.90±=11.37) com t=-5.522 e p<.0001 e conforto (M=23.31±4.00), vs (M=20.80±4.72) com t =-3.400 e p<.001. Conclui-se que a oficina de formação teve um efeito positivo na evolução do conhecimento, das atitudes e crenças e do nível de conforto das educadoras de infância relativamente à abordagem do tema da sexualidade na educação pré-escolar, o que revela a importância da formação específica neste domínio como fator importante para o desenvolvimento profissional e superação de obstáculos
Algunos apuntes sobre gestión de la calidad en las instituciones de educación superior en Ecuador
Get PDFQuality must be an indispensable quality in any institution of higher education, characterized by its social responsibility social responsibility to respond to the main social problems and to become an engine of change and development of the people. The objective of the study is to analyze the quality management of higher education in Ecuador. A qualitative hermeneutic research was conducted at qualitative hermeneutic research and documentary analysis was carried out. The units of analysis were constituted by publications on the subject and regulations of the legal framework of higher education in Ecuador. It is the quality of higher education is subordinated to the internal evaluation processes of the higher education institutions the Higher Education Institutions reflected in self-evaluation, accompanied by a process of external evaluation with accreditation fines. External evaluation process with accreditation fines. These processes respond to a group of quantitative and qualitative indicators that measure the quality of the and qualitative indicators that measure the management of the educational quality of universities and polytechnic schools based on the substantive substantive functions (teaching, research and outreach). Finally, it is concluded that the quality of higher education should be measured according to the capacity to respond to these demands.La calidad debe ser una cualidad indispensable en cualquier institución de educación superior, caracterizada por la responsabilidad social de responder a los principales problemas sociales y convertirse en motor de cambio y desarrollo de los pueblos. El objetivo del estudio consistió en analizar la gestión de la calidad de la educación superioren Ecuador. Serealizó unainvestigación cualitativa hermenéuticay deanálisis documental. Las unidades de análisis estuvieron constituidas por publicaciones sobre la temática y normativas del marco legal de la educación superior en Ecuador. Se estableció que la calidad de la educación superior está supeditada a los procesos de evaluación interna propia de las Instituciones de Educación Superior reflejada en la autoevaluación, acompañada de un proceso de evaluación externa con fines de acreditación. Estos procesos responden a un grupo de indicadores de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo que miden la gestión delacalidad educativa de las universidades y escuelas politécnicas con base en las funciones sustantivas (docencia, investigación y vinculación). Por último, se concluye que la calidad de la educación superior se debe medir de acuerdo con la capacidad para responder a estas exigencias
De Saludiversex a Saludiversex-M. La adaptación de un programa de educación afectivo sexual para personas con discapacidad intelectual moderada y/o dificultades de lectoescritura
Get PDFAffective sex education programs are a necessary resource to promote sexual health in people with intellectual disability because they have multiple barriers to acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary to live and express their sexuality in a positive and health way. Thus, the design of these interventions requires that the characteristics of the target group (degree of autonomy, level of understanding and / or level of writing and reading) be taken into account. Currently, we can find effective proposals for population with mild intellectual disability, such as the Saludiversex program. However, the interventions for people with moderate intellectual disability and/or literacy difficulties are still scarce. Therefore, our research group made a simplified version of the Saludiversex program (Saludiversex-M). Thus, the objective of this paper is to describe in detail the process of adapting the content and material of the Saludiversex Program to the simplified version Saludiversex-M. In relation to the adaptation of the content, the information reported by professionals who work with this group and the life characteristics of people with moderate intellectual disability (low autonomy, difficulties in romantic relationships, support needs in hygiene activities, etc.) were contemplated as a result, some concepts such as contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted infections and abuse are worked on more superficially. On the other hand, regarding the work material (presentations, evaluation questionnaires, activities, etc.) was adapted according to the easy reading guidelines and the level of understanding of this group (use of simple sentences, concrete language and support with images for the most difficult to understand concepts). The result is a resource that facilitates access to sex education for a group with great deficiencies in this area.Los programas de educación afectivo sexual constituyen un recurso necesario para promover la salud sexual en personas con diversidad funcional intelectual, ya que se enfrentan a múltiples barreras para adquirir de forma espontánea los conocimientos, las actitudes y las habilidades necesarias para vivir su sexualidad de forma positiva y saludable. Así pues, un aspecto fundamental en el diseño de estas intervenciones es atender a las características del grupo al que va dirigido (grado de autonomía, nivel comprensión y/o nivel de lectoescritura). En la actualidad, encontramos propuestas que han mostrado su eficacia en población con pocas necesidades de apoyo como el programa Saludiversex. Sin embargo, existe todavía un gran vacío en lo referente a intervenciones dirigidas a personas con necesidades deapoyo intermitentey/o dificultades de lectoescritura. Porello, nuestro grupo de investigación realizó una versión simplificada del programa Saludiversex (Saludiversex-M). Así pues, el objetivo del presente trabajo es describir de forma detallada el proceso de adaptación del contenido y del material del Programa Saludiversex a la versión simplificada Saludiversex-M. En relación con la adaptación del contenido, se contempló la información reportada por profesionales que trabajan con este colectivo y las características de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual moderada (baja autonomía, dificultades en las relaciones románticas, necesidades de apoyo en actividades de higiene, etc.) como resultado se simplificó la profundidad con la que se trabajaban conceptos como los métodos anticonceptivos, las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el maltrato. Respecto al material de trabajo (presentaciones, cuestionarios de evaluación, actividades etc.) se realizó una adaptación atendiendo a las directrices de lectura fácil y al nivel de comprensión de este colectivo (uso de oraciones simples, lenguaje concreto y apoyo con imágenes). El resultado es un recurso que facilita el acceso a educación sexual para un colectivo con grandes carencias en este ámbito.