International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
Not a member yet
2185 research outputs found
Sort by
Madres e hijos dos etapas evolutivas beneficiadas por la inclusión universitaria
Get PDFThis study explores the social representations about maternity and university students’ roles, in university students who are mothers, in José C. Paz National University, located in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The aim of this project is to analyze the influence of those representations on the permanence of the students – mothers in university. The methods to collect data are: semi-structured interview and free association words technique. It is expected that the data about the group studied will be useful to design inclusion strategies in function of the particular vulnerability of these women. Educative inclusion is defined by UNESCO as the process to identify and respond to the diversity of necessities of every student. To think about full university inclusion of students- mothers implies modifications in the determinant structures of university mechanisms, strategies and structural changes. Social representations explored in this investigation allow, not only to identify students’ needs, that influence in a substantial way in their academic integration, but also in their raising styles and their sons’ development. Preliminary results show that personal development experienced by these mothers who decide to study at university, not only influence positively their professional future, but also their motherhood present, making feel them closer to their sons and feeling different in front of their sons’ schools teachers and leaders.El proyecto que se presenta indaga las representaciones sociales (RRSS) sobre la maternidad y el rol de alumno universitario, en alumnas – madres de la Universidad Nacional de José C. Paz, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la influencia de tales RRSS en la permanencia de las alumnas madres en el ámbito universitario. Los métodos para la recolección de datos son: la entrevista semi-dirigida y la asociación libre de palabras. Se espera que los datos obtenidos acerca del grupo estudiado sean útiles para diseñar estrategias de inclusión en función de su perfil de especial vulnerabilidad. La inclusión educativa es definida por la UNESCO como el proceso de identificar y responder a la diversidad de las necesidades de todo estudiante, reduciendo la exclusión del sistema educativo. Pensar en la plena inclusión universitaria de las mujeres madres conlleva modificaciones en las estructuras determinantes del dispositivo universitario, cambios de estrategias y de estructuras. Las representaciones sociales exploradas en la investigación, permitieron identificar no sólo necesidades del alumnado, que impactan de modo crucial en su inserción académica, sino también el impacto de su inclusión universitaria en sus estilos de crianza y el desarrollo de sus hijos. Los resultados preliminares indican que el desarrollo personal de las mujeres madres que deciden comenzar o retomar sus estudios, no sólo influye positivamente en su futuro profesional y laboral, sino en su presente como madres, acercándolas a sus hijos y a las instituciones escolares donde asisten desde otro posicionamiento personal
Felicidad subjetiva, sentido del humor y personalidad en la docencia
Get PDFThe research aims to analyze, firstly, the relationship between different psychological variables of the teachers, that is, subjective happiness, sense of humor and personality. Secondly, to determine the factorial structure of these variables. 454 teachers (24.4% males and 65.6% females), with a mean age of 40.4 years (SD = 10.50) and an average teaching experience of 14.03 years, took part in the study. 15% worked in Early Childhood Education (n = 68), 26.2% in Primary Education (n = 119), 43.6% in Secondary Education (n = 198) and 15.2% in Higher Education (n = 69). The instruments used were the following: Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Multidimensional Humor Sense Scale (MSHS), and Big Five Inventory-10 items (BFI-10). The results derived from the correlation analysis indicated positive correlations between the different dimensions analyzed, except for the Neuroticism personality trait, in which they were negative. In addition, factorial analysis showed three factors: A first factor formed by the different components of the Humor Sense and the personality trait of Extraversion; a second factor that integrated subjective happiness, the personality trait of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability (the opposite of Neuroticism); and a third factor that included the personality traits of Conscientiousness and Openness to experience. The need to address these psychological variables in the professional development of the teacher is discussed.La investigación pretende analizar, en primer lugar, la relación que existe entre diferentes variables psicológicas de los docentes, esto es, felicidad subjetiva, sentido del humor y personalidad. En segundo lugar, determinar la estructura factorial de dichas variables. Formaron parte del estudio 454 docentes (24.4% hombres y 65.6% mujeres), con una edad media de 40.4 años (DT = 10.50) y una experiencia profesional media de 14.03 años. El 15% trabajaba en Educación Infantil (n = 68), el 26.2% en Educación Primaria (n = 119), el 43.6% en Educación Secundaria (n = 198) y el 15.2% en Educación Superior (n = 69). Los instrumentos empleados fueron los siguientes: la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (Subjective Happiness Scale, SHS), la Escala Multidimensional del Sentido del Humor (Multidimensional Humor Sense Scale, MSHS) y el Inventario de Personalidad de los Cinco Factores (Big Five Inventory-10 ítems, BFI-10). Los resultados derivados del análisis correlacional indicaron correlaciones positivas entre las diferentes dimensiones analizadas, excepto para el rasgo de personalidad Neuroticismo, donde fueron negativas. Además, el análisis factorial mostró tres factores: un primer factor formado por los diferentes componentes del sentido del humor y el rasgo de personalidad de extraversión; un segundo factor que integraba el bienestar subjetivo, el rasgo de personalidad de amabilidad y el de estabilidad emocional (el opuesto a Neuroticismo); y un tercer factor que incluía los rasgos de personalidad de responsabilidad y apertura a la experiencias. Se discute la necesidad de atender a estas variables psicológicas en el desarrollo profesional del docente
Impulsividad y búsqueda de sensaciones: implicaciones de intervención en jóvenes
Get PDFImpulsiveness and sensation seeking are essential elements in psychological studies interested in contributing to health and well-being of people because they are related to unhealthy behaviors (addictive, disruptive and antisocial). Youth is a stage characterized by a higher frequency of dangerous and impulsive behaviours, especially in highly emotive social events, which favours the increase of these unhealthy behaviours. To test this correlation, we consider: a) explorer the relationship between impulsiveness and sensation seeking; b) analyze gender differences; and c) know the specific dimensions of sensation seeking that have a higher predictive relationship with impulsiveness globally considered and, as well as its dimensions. A sample of 100 university students (52% female and 48% male) with mean age of 21.06 years (SD= 2.19). Outcomes show a statistically significant and positive correlation between the dimensions of Impulsiveness (BIS-11, Barrat, 1985; Spanish version by Oquendo, Baca-García, Graver, Morales, Montalvan and Mann, 2001) and Sensation Seeking (SSS, Zuckerman, Eysenck and Eysenck, 1978, validated by Tous, 1984). Although, the regression analyzes identify Disinhibition as the only dimension of Sensation Seeking with predictive relationship on all dimensions of Impulsiveness. Not finding differences due to gender, we emphasize the importance of including Disinhibition in the impulsiveness intervention programs in young people. Thus, we propose the development of emotional competencies to promote healthier and adaptive behaviours.La impulsividad y la búsqueda de sensaciones son elementos esenciales en los estudios psicológicos interesados en contribuir a la salud y bienestar de las personas ya que se encuentran relacionados con conductas poco saludables (adictivas, disruptivas y antisociales). La juventud es una etapa que se caracteriza por una mayor frecuencia de comportamientos arriesgados e impulsivos, sobre todo en situaciones sociales cargadas emocionalmente, lo que favorece el aumento de estas conductas poco saludables. A fin de contrastar esta correlación, nos planteamos: a) profundizar en la relación entre impulsividad y búsqueda de sensaciones; b) analizar si existen diferencias de género; y c) discriminar las dimensiones específicas de la búsqueda de sensaciones que tiene mayor capacidad predictiva sobre la impulsividad globalmente considerada, así como sobre cada una de sus dimensiones. Para ello, se realiza un estudio expo-facto con una muestra de 100 universitarios (52% mujeres y 48% hombres) con una edad media de 21,06 años (SD. 2,19). Los resultados muestran una correlación estadísticamente significativa y positiva entre las dimensiones de la Impulsividad (BIS-11, Barrat, 1985; versión española de Oquendo, Baca-García, Graver, Morales, Montalvan y Mann, 2001) y Búsqueda de sensaciones (SSS, Zuckerman, Eysenck y Eysenck, 1978, validada por Tous, 1984), ). Si bien los análisis de regresión efectuados identifican a la desinhibición como única dimensión de la búsqueda de sensaciones con capacidad predictiva sobre todas las dimensiones de la Impulsividad. Sin encontrarse diferencias debido al género, enfatizamos la importancia de incluir la desinhibición en los programas de intervención de la impulsividad en jóvenes y proponemos el desarrollo de las competencias emocionales para potenciar conductas más saludables y adaptativas
Validez concurrente de la escala EHPAP adaptada a población preescolar española de Inteligencia media y con necesidades educativas de apoyo específico
Get PDFWith a sample of 127 school-age children in average intelligence and with difficulties and with Down Syndrome, has been made a correlational study with the objective to determine the concurrent validity of the scale EHPAP that was adapted to Spanish and validated with spanish population. This instrument has been shown to have a good concurrent validity with the type of population used as we find positive and significant correlations between the different subscales and the measures selected criterion.Con una muestra de 127 niños en edad preescolar de Inteligencia media y con dificultades y con Síndrome de Down, se ha realizado un estudio correlacional con el objetivo de determinar la validez concurrente de la escala EHPAP que fue adaptada al castellano y validada con población española. Este instrumento ha demostrado tener una buena validez concurrente con el tipo de población utilizada ya que encontramos correlaciones positivas y significativas entre las diferentes subescalas y las medidas criterio seleccionadas
Nuevos recursos tecnológicos para trabajar en un aula de educación infantil: el cuento interactivo considerado un recurso de aprendizaje
Get PDFCurrently, the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are considered a key resource for education. This concept is progressing and we have a new term: LCT (Learning and Communication Technologies). This communication analyzes some resources which can be used and integrated in classrooms of pre – school education, in particular the interactive story, because according to the current regulations, we must introduce it during this period. With the purpose of integrating technological resources in the school area, we must educate teachers to get technological competences, innovate and experiment in classrooms together with their student body.Actualmente, las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) se consideran un recurso clave para la enseñanza, de tal manera que este concepto está evolucionando y tenemos un nuevo término: TAC (Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y la Comunicación). Esta comunicación analiza algunos de los recursos que pueden ser utilizados e integrados en aulas de Educación Infantil, en concreto los cuentos interactivos, ya que según la normativa actual debemos introducirlas durante esta etapa. Con el fin de integrar los recursos tecnológicos en el ámbito escolar, se debe formar al profesorado para que adquiera competencias tecnológicas, innove y experimente en el aula junto a su alumnado
O desenvolvimento da motricidade fina da criança na escola infantil - estudo comparativo de fatores de prática e parâmetros de avaliação
Get PDFThe development of child fine motor varies with numerous factors. At school, all children will have the opportunities to develop their motor skills, and the educator will have to provide them the most adequate resources and activities, that is important to acquires basic literacies of school life. This research have two purposes: a. to know factors of practice, through the perspective of educators about the importance of fine motor skills for the child and the potential of expression activities - plastic and motor; B. evaluate and compare the fine motor skills of two groups of pre-school children. We used a enterview to a sample of 5 Early Childhood Educators and a tests, based on the ABC Movement Test, to avaliation116 children (4 - 6 years), both groups from two schools. Our results allow us to conclude that although in the discourse of educators the importance attributed to the work on fine motor skills and the factors of practice were similar, we registed values different in more than 30% in the parameters of the test applied to the two groups of children. We could observe that the children present varied results, having different values depending on the schools.O contexto do desenvolvimento da motricidade motora fina da criança varia com inúmeros fatores. Na escola, todas as crianças terão oportunidade para desenvolver a sua motricidade, e o educador terá de colocar à sua disposição recursos e atividades enriquecedoras para promover essa aquisição, que é importante para a aprendizagem de literacias básicas da vida escolar.Com esta investigação tivemos dois propósitos: a. conhecer os fatores de prática, através da perspetiva de educadoras sobre a importância da motricidade fina para a criança e a potencialidade do trabalho em atividades de expressão – plástica e motora; b. avaliar e comparar a motricidade fina de dois grupos de crianças do pré-escolar. Aplicámos uma entrevista a 5 Educadoras de Infância e uma prova baseadas no Teste Movement ABC a 116 crianças (4 - 6 anos), ambos os grupos de duas escolas.Os nossos resultados permitem-nos concluir que embora no discurso das educadoras a importância do trabalho de motricidade fina e os fatores de prática fossem semelhantes, registámos valores diferenciados em mais de 30% dos parâmetros das provas aplicadas aos dois grupos de crianças Pudemos perceber, que as crianças apresentam resultados variados nos parâmetros de avaliação, em função da escola
A influência dos contextos sociodemográficos no bonding paterno
Get PDFBackground: The bonding process is essential to favors and/or determines the future relationship between parent and baby and influences the cognitive and social development of the child. The bonding is conditioned by a set of interrelated factors with parental and situational conditions that may assist or prevent the establishment of bonding (Pereira, 2009).Objective: Establish the relationship between the sociodemographic context (age, marital status, educational qualifications and length of relationship) and bonding parent/baby.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, correlational descriptive, quantitative, attended by 349 parents, aged between 19 and 55, with an average age of 31,84 (sd=6,067). To providing a reliable sample characterization the social-demographic we applied questionnaires and Bonding Scale (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Results: This study reveals that positive bonding is influenced by age (p=0,010), being higher in parents aged 30 years or less. With regard to qualifications, it was found that the smaller the educational level of the parents, the greater the bonding positive (p=0,045). On the other hand the marital status and the length of the relationship did not influence the bonding.Conclusion: Given the importance of the bonding process between parent and baby, whose involvement should exist from the beginning of pregnancy, it’s imperative that the Nurse Specialist in maternal health take responsibility to educate and stimulate the paternal bonding supporting and integrating the father in the process of adaptation to parenthood.Enquadramento: O processo de vinculação é indispensável pois favorece e/ou determina a futura relação entre a díade: pai/bebé e influencia o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social da criança. Este processo de vinculação (bonding) é condicionado por um conjunto de fatores interligados com as condições parentais e situacionais que poderão coadjuvar ou impedir o estabelecimento do proceso de vinculação (Pereira, 2009).Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre o contexto sociodemográfico (idade, estado civil, habilitações literárias e duração do relacionamento) e a vinculação (bonding) entre o pai e o bebé.Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional, de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 349 pais com média de idade de 31,84 anos (dp= 6,067). O instrumento de colheita de dados foi o questionário que permitiu caracterizar a amostra nas variáveis sociodemográficas e a Escala de Bonding (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que o bonding positivo é influenciado pela idade (p=0,010), sendo mais elevado nos pais com idade igual ou inferior a 30 anos. No que concerne às habilitações literárias, verificou-se que quanto menor é a escolaridade dos pais, maior é o bonding positivo (p=0,045).Por outro lado o estado civil e a duração do relacionamento não influenciam o bonding.Conclusão: Face à importância do processo de vinculação pai/bebe, cujo envolvimento debe existir desde o início da gravidez, é imprescindível que o Enfermeiro especialista em saúde materna assuma a responsabilidade de educar e estimular o bonding paterno apoiando e integrando o pai no processo de adaptação à parentalidade
Crenças e meios de pesquisa de informação acerca da fertilidade e suas consequências no tratamento e no projeto de vida dos casais.
Get PDFBoosted by factors such as the increase of women’s access to higher education, unemployment and financial instability among young adults, the birth of the first child has been postponed for the last three decades. At the same time, the literature has pointed to a poor knowledge by couples about the reduction of fertility with age, with an unrealistic view regarding the ease of getting pregnant at later ages and the effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization. In order to find answers to their doubts, couples increasingly resort to the internet, with their treatment options being heavily influenced by the online information acquired, despite the evidence of the compromising quality of health information held over the internet. Inserted in a society that looks for instant answers and of easy access, and taking into account that there are no regulations for the information that is shared online, health technicians have the responsibility of directing and recommending to their patients sources of information that they consider to be reliable and accurate on the internet.Potenciado por fatores como o aumento de mulheres a aceder ao ensino superior, do desemprego e da instabilidade financeira entre os jovens adultos, o nascimento do primeiro filho tem sido adiado nas últimas três décadas (Schmidt, Sobotka, Bentzen, y Andersen, 2012). Paralelamente, a literatura tem apontado para um fraco conhecimento, por parte dos casais, acerca da diminuição da fertilidade com a idade, havendo uma visão irrealista face à facilidade em engravidar em idades mais tardias e à eficácia da Fertilização In Vitro. De forma a encontrarem respostas às suas dúvidas, os casais recorrem cada vez mais à internet, sendo as suas opções de tratamento fortemente influenciadas pela informação online adquirida (Huang, Al-Fozan, Tan, y Tulandi, 2003), apesar da evidência da qualidade comprometedora da informação relativa à saúde obtida através da internet. Estando inseridos numa sociedade que procura respostas imediatas e de fácil acesso e tendo em conta que não existem regulamentações para a informação que é colocada online, os técnicos de saúde têm a responsabilidade de orientar e recomendar aos seus pacientes fontes de informação que considerem fidedignas e cuidadosas na internet
Interacción social y comunicación temprana en hermanos de niños con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión de la literatura
Get PDFThe siblings of children diagnosed with the autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have higher risk than the average infantile population of later developing the disorder, between 5 and 10 %. On the other hand, some of these siblings have shown to have difficulties in the social early interactions, independently of being eventually diagnosed. Are these types of conducts, which aren’t necessarily linked to the disorder, commonly observable in children with ASD’s siblings? A bibliographical review of the most recent investigations is presented in this article to explore the latest findings in response to this question. The main conclusions talk about a different or disrupted early communication pattern, already observable in the second trimester of life. These areas include joint attention, language, facial gestures and play. Some authors have called this communicative profile with the name of the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP).Los hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) tienen un mayor riesgo que la media de la población infantil, entre un 5 y un 10%, de ser después diagnosticados con el trastorno. Por otra parte, algunos de estos hermanos han mostrado, independientemente de ser más tarde diagnosticados, tener dificultades en las interacciones sociales tempranas. ¿Son habituales este tipo de conductas, no necesariamente vinculadas al trastorno, en hermanos de niños con TEA? En el presente trabajo se plantea una revisión bibliográfica para explorar los hallazgos más recientes en respuesta a este interrogante. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a un patrón de comunicación temprana diferente, o con la presencia de dificultades en áreas como la atención conjunta, el lenguaje, la gestualidad o el juego, observable ya a partir del segundo trimestre de vida. Este perfil comunicativo se conoce con el nombre de “fenotipo amplio de autismo” (Broader Autism Phenotype, BAP)
Comportamiento, lenguaje y cognición de algunos síndromes que cursan con discapacidad intelectual
Get PDFA syndrome is a clinical picture configured by a group of symptoms or signs of a disease or disorder, which concur in time and form with varied causes or etiology. This concept covers a wide variety of diseases and disorders, but only some of them, around 200, include in its symptomatology the intellectual disability. Intellectual disability is a neurological development disorder, it starts in childhood, during the maturation of the brain, the symptoms manifest differently according to the different stages of growth, they are not static as the person evolves at the same time to maturity. The nervous system regulates the motor functions, cognitives and emotionals that allows to adapt to the environment and interact with it. Thus, all the children, in a more or less efficient way, acquire and perfect multiple competencies, while they can do it with more or less efficiency and adaptability. The main purpose of this paper is to present some syndromic profiles, including in them the most relevant characteristics of the behaviour, language and cognition, recognizing strengths and weaknesses and encourage a greater methodological adequacy in education supports this.Un síndrome es un cuadro clínico configurado por un grupo de síntomas y/o signos característicos de una enfermedad o trastorno, que concurren en tiempo y forma y con variadas causas o etiología. Este concepto abarca una amplia variedad de trastornos y enfermedades, pero sólo algunos de ellos, alrededor de 200, incluyen en su sintomatología la discapacidad intelectual. La discapacidad intelectual es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico, Tiene su inicio en la infancia, durante la maduración del cerebro y los síntomas se manifiestan de diferente forma según las distintas etapas del crecimiento, no son estáticos pues la persona evoluciona a la par que su maduración. El sistema nervioso es el que regula las funciones motoras, cognitivas y emocionales que permiten adaptarse al ambiente e interactuar con él. De esta forma, todos los niños, de manera más o menos eficiente, van adquiriendo y perfeccionando múltiples competencias, si bien pueden hacerlo con mayor o menor eficiencia y adaptabilidad. El propósito principal de este trabajo es presentar algunos perfiles sindrómicos, incluyendo en ellos las características más relevantes del comportamiento, el lenguaje y la cognición, reconocer los puntos fuertes y débiles y favorecer con ello una mayor adecuación metodológica en los apoyos educativos