International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Novas lógicas, racionalidaes e contextos na prevençao quaternária
Get PDFThe University students are usually well educated , healthy , is a relatively homogeneous socioeconomic and relatively privileged group culture and “ status “ , being undoubtedly a potential future leadership that can influence with some ease other social groups at different times of the cycle life, taking on the role of change agents . They are also , will start, more motivated to knowledge about behaviors and healthy lifestyles . Show that attitudes towards issues of common health ? Which actors, the itineraries of health and illness that question? Laymen, doctors, pharmacists, neighbors, friends, family? Or just wait and see?502 college students from Health Sciences were surveyed by questionnaire. It is an exploratory , descriptive and cross-sectional study which presents some results in this article , that it highlights the correlation of their health practices with the concept quaternary prevention, in which most of the time only involve the technique of wait and see. This is opposed to those that shaped the medicalization of our society in a very recent past . We may think of this social group as a motivator for profound changes in the practices of health / disease for next years , applying day by day, the concept and philosophy of quaternary prevention? A Medicina Preventiva, especialmente nos paises ditos, desenvolvidos, é alvo de interesse crescente não só para as pessoas que procuram a tranquilidade da saúde, obtida atraves de longas cascatas de exames, observações e consultas, mas também e sobretudo para os prestadores de cuidados médicos e a indústria farmacêutica que cada vez facturam mais milhões! A prevenão quaternária veio nos ultimos anos trazer uma lufada de lúcidez na problemática saúde / doença, e está hoje presente nas varias especialidades médicas, não parando de crescer e encontrando mais e mais adeptos para identificar pessoas em risco de medicalização excessiva, evitando assim danos iatrogénicos. A prevenção primaria e secundaria apoiadas pela vontade dos individuos e dos profissionais, encontram terreno fértil á conversão de saudáveis em doentes sob o olhar atento das multinacionais farmacêuticas, sendo que, a prevenção destas prevenções cabe sem duvida, á Prevenão Quaternária, interveniente cada vez mais em novas lógicas, racionalidades e contextos da actualidade
The psychological development promotion of children in portuguese daycare context
Get PDFThis research falls within the area of developmental psychology, particularly with regard to the promotion of the child’s psychological development considering the educational context. It was specifically intended to study the importance to the psychological development of children of its sojourn at early ages in daycare educational contexts, basing the pedagogical intervention in a proposed program, based on the High/Scope curricular approach (Post and Hohmann, 2011), as well as on the Portage model (Williams y Aiello, 2009). Assuming as a primary objective the promotion of the psychological development of these children, it becomes a pressing need to reflect on educational interventions for early ages, being also of significant importance that these are properly supported in scientific theories of human development. We advocated, then, to develop a researchaction with a quasi-experimental component, whose results would allow to envisage a curriculum for the context of childcare, which could activate the psychological development of children and qualitatively raise the educational intervention. Thus, in this study, with the participation of children (N = 59) aged about two years old, and also with their kindergarten teachers (N = 4), it was intended, through a comparative study between groups of children, subjected or not to the above mentioned program and under this research, to know its impact on the psychological development using, in the pre and post-test phases, observation/appreciation grids of this development for children in childcare age. With particular regard to the data collected is possible to advance that children who were part of the experimental groups, which were subject to an intervention program, showed higher gains in the post-test phase at the level of development of motor skills, language, cognitive development and affective and relational development, comparing to the children of the control groups, who experienced a natural educational intervention. Implications are presented.
Educare alla scelta della scuola secondaria di secondo grado e orientare per preparare al futuro
Get PDFOrientation is a structural factor of all learning process, it is fulfilled lifelong. At school, spaces and opportunities to train and to get ready for choosing a future profession are found. School, of course, has to acquire the consciousness of that; nevertheless during the last few years, in which education reforms have followed, it is grow the need to perfuse an educative role at the orientation, so students and their personalities should be the main focus of interest (Del Core, 2008). School Orientation has to direct students to investigate and to acquire essential elements to start their own identity construction, starting from skills they have acquired before. So, it becomes essential give a helping hand to all students to recognize the skills owned, not only to support the motivation but also to identify and define the educational and work choices. In the learning process, particularly during the analysis of the choices done, is useful reflect about the interconnection among personal features, detail of the school process and features of the professional figure related. “One of the school main purpose is to provide all students with the intellective instruments, conceptions and self-regulatory abilities, useful to their own lifelong learning process”. Learning Self- Management in different situations and, also, after school, is the strong point, which will help students to be independent and “to rich the bottom”. (Bandura, 2012, p. 24).L’orientamento è un fattore strutturale di ogni processo formativo, realizzato lungo l’arco di tutta la vita; nella scuola si trovano gli spazi e le opportunità per formarsi e prepararsi alla scelta di una professione futura. Naturalmente la scuola deve acquisire la consapevolezza di ciò, tuttavia in questi anni, in cui le riforme scolastiche si sono succedute, è cresciuta la necessità di far acquisire all’orientamento il compito educativo che mette al centro l’interesse degli studenti e delle studentesse e la maturazione della loro personalità (Del Core, 2008). L’orientamento scolastico deve indirizzare gli alunni ad esplorare ed acquisire elementi fondamentali per iniziare la costruzione di una propria identità, partendo dalle competenze acquisite. Fondamentale diventa l’aiuto a riconoscere le competenze possedute, non solo per sostenere la motivazione ma anche per individuare e definire le scelte formative e di lavoro.È utile nel processo di orientamento, in particolare nella verifica della scelta fatta, riflettere sulle interconnessioni tra caratteristiche personali, specificità del percorso scolastico e caratteristiche delle figure professionali collegate. “Uno dei principali obiettivi della scuola è fornire agli studenti gli strumenti intellettivi, le convinzioni e le abilità auto-regolatorie che servono loro per autoistruirsi tutta la vita”. Imparare ad autogestirsi in situazioni diverse e anche dopo la scuola è il punto di forza che aiuterà gli adolescenti ad essere autonomi e ad “arrivare fino in fondo” (Bandura, 2012, p. 24)
Necesidades formativas de los cuidadores inmigrantes de personas mayores en el hogar en Europa: Proyecto Iene 7
Get PDFIntroduction: The European project IENE7 brings together five partners (two in Italy, the United Kingdom, Romania and the research group HUM-498 Psychological Intervention in Development, Education and Guidance of the University of Almeria) with the common objective of developing an appropriate model of education aimed at informal caregivers of the older people who receive care at home. This collective of caregivers comes in a high percentage from disadvantaged groups (immigrants, people without education or at risk of social exclusion, etc.). The main objective in this phase of the project is to get to know the care needs of the older people in the home, as well as the training needs of their caregivers, in this European context in which the project is developed. Methodology:A review of the scientific literature was carried out both nationally (Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Romania) and internationally. Results: The analysis of needs, from our double perspective (care needs for the older people and training needs for their informal caregivers) can be summarized in six key aspects: 1) Loneliness, 2) Communication problems, 3) Person-centred and culturally appropriate care, 4) Restricted mobility, 5) Safeguarding issues (ethical and legal aspects of care), 6) Social and health resources. Conclusions: The knowledge of these needs of care of the older people and the needs of training of their informal caregivers is an essential starting point for the proposal and development of an appropriate model of education aimed at this group of caregivers, capable of responding to them, which constitutes the general objective of our European project IENE7, to address this important and urgent social demandIntroducción: El proyecto europeo IENE7 aglutina cinco socios (dos en Italia, Reino Unido, Rumanía y el grupo de investigación HUM-498 Intervención Psicológica en Desarrollo, Educación y Orientación de la Universidad de Almería) con el objetivo común de desarrollar un modelo adecuado de educación dirigido a cuidadores informales de personas mayores que reciben atención en el hogar. Este colectivo de cuidadores procede en un alto porcentaje de grupos desfavorecidos (inmigrantes, personas sin formación o en riesgo de exclusión social, etc.). El objetivo principal de esta fase del proyecto es conocer las necesidades de cuidado de las personas mayores en el hogar, así como las necesidades formativas de sus cuidadores, en este contexto europeo en el que se desarrolla el proyecto. Metodología:Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica tanto a nivel nacional (España, Italia, Reino Unido y Rumanía) como internacional. Resultados: El análisis de necesidades, desde nuestra doble perspectiva de partida (necesidades de cuidado para las personas mayores y necesidades formativas para sus cuidadores informales) puede sintetizarse en seis aspectos clave: 1) Soledad, 2) Problemas de comunicación, 3) Necesidad de un cuidado centrado en la persona y culturalmente apropiado, 4) Limitación de la Movilidad, 5) Seguridad y Protección (aspectos éticos y legales del cuidado), 6) Recursos sociosanitarios. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de estas necesidades de cuidado para las personas mayores y formativas de sus cuidadores informales constituye un punto de partida imprescindible para la propuesta y desarrollo de un modelo adecuado de educación dirigido a este colectivo de cuidadores, capaz de dar respuesta a las mismas, objetivo general de nuestro proyecto europeo IENE7, para atender esta importante y urgente demanda socia
Estudio sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje y el autoconcepto en alumnos de ESO y bachillerato
Get PDFPlanning is a very important aspect in the study of students, learning strategies are a fundamental pillar in the development of the study and its influence on academic performance is crucial. It was researched to know how the learning strategies and study techniques used by the students were and also a questionnaire was administered to evaluate the self-concept of the students. Subsequently, different statistical analyzes were performed and statistically significant correlations were found between self-concept and learning strategies with our sex, course and age variables.La planificación es un aspecto muy importante en el estudio de los alumnos, son las estrategias de aprendizaje un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo del estudio y su influencia en el rendimiento académico es crucial. Se investigó para conocer cómo eran las estrategias de aprendizaje y técnicas de estudio utilizadas por los estudiantes y además se administró un cuestionario para evaluar el autoconcepto de los estudiantes. Posteriormente se realizaron diferentes análisis estadísticos y se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre autoconcepto y estrategias de aprendizaje con nuestras variables sexo, curso y edad
Grado de conocimiento sobre el problema de los refugiados y actitudes hacia ellos.
Get PDFThe problem of refugees is a complex matter that in recent years has gained greater visibility and media coverage, so that –even though indirectly– it is regularly present in our lives. The matter is not a novelty because having to leave the own country due to persecution has been recurrent throughout the History. But, in broad of the 21st century, we are facing a serious humanitarian crisis. Faced with this, and as far as psychosocial aspects are concerned, not always the level of knowledge of the population and the degree of sensitivity towards the subject are the adequate. In the present work it is tried to analyze, by means of a descriptive investigation, the level of knowledge on this subject, the degree of sensitivity and empathy towards the refugees, the level of involvement and the opinion regarding the situation of the same ones that present a sample of individuals. To do this, a developed by the authors questionnaire was used, consisting of open, closed and Likert-type questions, which was applied to a sample of 60 individuals (29 women and 31 men). The results found reveal that, in the analyzed sample, the degree of knowledge towards this subject is much scarcer than, in principle, it could be expected and, even so, the attitudes in some way prejudiced seem to be evident. La problemática de los refugiados es un tema complejo que en los últimos años ha cobrado mayor visibilidad y cobertura mediática, de manera que –aunque sea de forma indirecta– está presente de manera habitual en nuestras vidas. El tema no es una novedad porque tener que abandonar el propio país por motivo de persecución fundada ha sido recurrente a lo largo de la Historia. Y, sin embargo, en pleno siglo XXI, nos enfrentamos a una grave crisis humanitaria. Frente a ello, y por lo que a aspectos psicosociales se refiere, no siempre el nivel de conocimiento de la población y el grado de sensibilización hacia el tema son los adecuados. En el presente trabajo se pretende analizar, mediante una investigación de tipo descriptivo, el nivel de conocimientos sobre la temática, el grado de sensibilización y empatía hacia los refugiados, el nivel de involucración y la opinión con respecto a la situación de los mismos que presenta una muestra de sujetos. Para ello, se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia, conformado por preguntas abiertas, cerradas y tipo Likert, que fue aplicado a una muestra de 60 sujetos (29 mujeres y 31 hombres). Los resultados revelan que, en la muestra analizada, el grado de conocimiento hacia el tema es mucho más escaso de lo que, en principio, cabría esperar y, no obstante, las actitudes de algún modo prejuiciosas parecen ser evidentes
La actuación profesional de la Psicología en las residencias de personas mayores.
Get PDFThe COPCyL Aging Psychology Working Group believes is important to have a psychology professional within the interdisciplinary teams of the residential centers of elderly people in order to offer comprehensive care and quality. In order to make known what the role of this professional in the residences is presented a plan of action. It discusses their interventions by focusing, according to who they are directed, in the resident (cognitive, emotional and behavioral), in the family and in the institution. We think that in this way their performance and the need for their incorporation to work teams is justified. As a future line of work we introduce an instrument to train relational frames in older (MAREMA).El grupo de trabajo de Psicología del Envejecimiento del COPCyL considera importante contar con un profesional de la Psicología dentro de los equipos interdisciplinares de los centros residenciales de personas mayores para poder ofrecer una atención integral y de calidad. Con el objetivo de dar a conocer cuál es el papel de este profesional en las residencias se presenta un plan de actuación de las intervenciones centrándose, según a quiénes están dirigidas, en el/la residente (a nivel cognitivo, emocional y conductual), en la familia y en la institución. Pensamos que de esta manera queda justificada su actuación y la necesidad de su incorporación a los equipos de trabajo. Como línea de trabajo futura introducimos un instrumento para entrenar Marcos Relacionales en Mayores (MAREMA)
La clase invertida en la educación superior: percepciones del alumnado
Get PDFThe Flipped Classroom is an innovative pedagogical methodology. This approach brings multiple skills to the student during the teaching-learning process. In the subject of the second year of the Primary Education Teacher’s Degree, Attention to Specific Educational Needs (ASEN) this methodology has been implemented. The objective of this work was to evaluate and describe the perceptions that students have after having completed a subject through this methodology. In order to achieve this goal, the questionnaire of students’ perceptions about the Flipped Classroom was used (Gilboy, Heinerichs and Pazzaglia, 2015). This questionnaire consists of a Likert-type scale and evaluates the degree of student satisfaction with respect to this methodology. A few weeks before the end of the subject, it was administered to the students of the group of the subject of ASEN. The sample consisted of 45 students. The results showed that 68,8% of the students prefer the Flipped Classroom instead of the traditional classes and 77,7% 77.7% of the students consider that they assimilated the contents better with the Flipped Classroom than with the traditional methodology.El aula invertida es una metodología pedagógica innovadora. Son múltiples las habilidades que este enfoque aporta al estudiante durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En la asignatura del segundo curso del Grado de Maestro/a de Educación Primaria denominada Atención a las Necesidades Educativas Específicas (ANEE) se ha implementado esta metodología. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar y describir las percepciones que los estudiantes tienen después de haber cursado una asignatura a través de esta metodología. Para lograr la consecución de dicho objetivo se utilizó el cuestionario de percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la clase invertida (Gilboy, Heinerichs y Pazzaglia, 2015). Este cuestionario consiste en una escala tipo Likert y evalúa el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a esta metodología. Unas semanas antes de la finalización de la asignatura, se administró al alumnado del grupo de la asignatura de ANEE. La muestra estuvo conformada por 45 alumnos y alumnas. Los resultados mostraron que el 68,8% de los estudiantes prefieren la clase invertida en vez de las clases tradicionales y el 77,7% considera que asimiló mejor los contenidos con la clase invertida que con la metodología tradicional
Uso y abuso de las TIC y repetición de curso en adolescentes
Get PDFNew technologies are used more and more frequently by adolescents. The devices and tools that facilitate the use of ICTs are very widespread among adolescents. As parents, educators, and as society as a whole, we must make a greater education effort regarding the consumption of different technological means, encouraging a rational use of them, and encouraging the critical spirit in adolescents that allows them to decide how they want to use ICTs in a responsible way. In recent years, the variety of possibilities in which a teenager can spend his free time has increased considerably. This is influencing new and different lifestyles, and can also affect study and academic performance. A study has been conducted in the Autonomous Community of Cantabria, with a sample of 2371 students, ranging from the 1st ESO course to the 1st Bachiller’s course, and a distribution of 1168 women and 1203 men. Stratified sampling was performed per conglomerate such that the sample could be considered representative of the Autonomous Community. One of the issues analyzed is course repetition and its possible relationship with the use and abuse of ICTs. 22.77% of the students in the sample have repeated a course, which undoubtedly requires consideration. It was observed that those who have repeated a course use more new technologies and they use them less adequately, compared to those who have not repeated any course. In this article, we wanted to highlight the influence of the inappropriate use of different technologies on the repetition of students’ school courses, through the analysis of the different variables analyzed. Las nuevas tecnologías son utilizadas cada vez de manera más frecuente por los adolescentes. Los dispositivos y herramientas que facilitan este uso de estas TIC están muy generalizados entre ellos. Los padres, los educadores, y la sociedad, debemos de realizar un mayor esfuerzo en la educación con respecto al consumo de los diferentes medios tecnológicos, incentivando una utilización racional de los mismos, y fomentando el espíritu crítico en los adolescentes que les permitan decidir cómo quieren usar las TIC de un modo responsable. En los últimos años, la variedad de posibilidades que se encuentra un adolescente para hacer en su tiempo libre ha aumentado considerablemente. Esto está incidiendo en nuevos y diferentes estilos de vida y también de aprendizaje y de estudio y puede repercutir sobre el rendimiento académico. Se ha realizado un estudio en la C.A. de Cantabria, con una muestra de 2371 alumnos, del rango de cursos desde 1º de ESO hasta 1º de Bachillerato con una distribución de 1168 mujeres y1203 varones, y un muestreo por estratos y conglomerados para que la muestra pudiera ser considerada representativa de la Comunidad Autónoma, y una de las cuestiones analizadas es la de las repeticiones de curso y su posible relación con el uso y abuso de las TIC. Un 22,77% de los alumnos de la muestra ha repetido curso, lo que sin duda requiere una reflexión. En aquellos que han repetido curso, se ha podido apreciar que usan más las nuevas tecnologías y de manera menos adecuada, en comparación con los que no han repetido curso. En este artículo, se ha querido poner de manifiesto la influencia del inadecuado uso de las diferentes tecnologías sobre la repetición de cursos escolares de los alumnos, a través del análisis de las diferentes variables que se analizan
Introducción
No full textPresentation of INFAD Journal, no.1, vol.4, 2018. Monograph no.3: "Psychology, age and current changes"Presentación del nº 1, vol. 4, 2018 de la revista INFAD. Monográfico 3: "Psicología, edad y cambios actuales