International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Perfil lingüístico en niños y adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)
Get PDFLanguage skills appear as a specific difficulty in people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The studies carried out support that there seem to be problems in the areas of production and language comprehension. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the linguistic profile presented by children and adolescents with ADHD. The sample consisted of 90 children and adolescents between 5 and 15 years old divided into two groups: 45 with ADHD and 45 with Typical Development, matched in chronological age. The evaluation of the language was carried out through the Celf-4 test. The results show that people with ADHD show worse language skills and that they have more specific difficulties in comprehension, as well as in the subareas related to syntax. In conclusion, it is emphasized that people with ADHD need to receive linguistic intervention as part of their integral treatment.Las habilidades lingüísticas aparecen como una dificultad específica en las personas con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Los estudios realizados avalan que parecen existir problemas en las áreas de producción y comprensión del lenguaje. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el perfil lingüístico que presentan los niños y adolescentes con TDAH. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 90 niños y adolescentes de entre 5 y 15 años divididos en dos grupos: 45 con TDAH y 45 con Desarrollo Típico, emparejados en edad cronológica. La evaluación del lenguaje se realizó a través de la prueba Celf-4. Los resultados muestran que las personas con TDAH muestran peores habilidades lingüísticas y, que, presentan dificultades más específicas en comprensión, así como en las subáreas relacionadas con la sintaxis. Como conclusión se destaca que las personas con TDAH necesitan recibir intervención lingüística como parte de su tratamiento integral
Hábitos en el uso de las TIC para el desarrollo de nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje
Get PDFin the educational field is the figure of the teacher, and in this sense, his or her appropriate digital competence is decisive. In accordance with the need to include, from the initial teacher training, adequate ICT training that meets the demands of today’s society, the general objective of this research is to determine the self-sufficiency of students in the Master’s Degrees in the use of TIC. Following a descriptive quantitative methodology based on a questionnaire designed ad hoc, the participants in the research were 327 students from the Master’s Degrees of the University of Alicante, selected by means of an accidental and, therefore, non-random non-probabilistic sampling technique. The results obtained in relation to habits in the use of ICT show that 50.6% use more than 30 hours per week of ICT resources and that the main uses are for communication and access to information. On the other hand, the most commonly used ICT device is the mobile phone, which follows the computer. There is a need for more training to complement the non-regulated training of students in the Master’s Degrees for the effective application of ICT in educationUno de los factores decisivos en la incorporación de las TIC para la creación de nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje en el ámbito educativo es la figura del profesor, y en este sentido, su adecuada competencia digital resulta decisiva. De acuerdo con la necesidad de incluir ya desde la formación inicial docente una adecuada formación en TIC que responda a las exigencias de la sociedad actual, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo general conocer la autosuficiencia de los estudiantes de los Grados de Maestro para el uso de las TIC. Siguiendo una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva a partir de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, los participantes en la investigación fueron 327 estudiantes de los Grados de Maestro de la Universidad de Alicante, seleccionados mediante una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico accidental y, por tanto, no aleatoria. Los resultados obtenidos en relación a los hábitos en la utilización de las TIC muestran que el 50,6% usan más de 30 horas a la semana los recursos TIC y que los principales usos son para comunicarse y para acceder a la información. Por otro lado, el dispositivo TIC más utilizado es el móvil, seguidor del ordenador. Se constata la conveniencia de una mayor formación que complemente la formación no reglada de los estudiantes de los Grados de Maestro para una efectiva aplicación de la TIC en el ámbito educativo
Motivos para el consumo de cibersexo y su relación con el grado de severidad
Get PDFThe practice of cybersex is a frequent behavior that can lead to a pattern of compulsive and uncontrolled consumption together with a functional impairment in various areas (addiction to cybersex). Therefore, knowing the reasons that explain this behavior (both recreationally and pathologically) is a priority. The aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence of different reasons for cybersex consumption, their differences according to gender and to explore the link between these motives and the symptoms of problematic use. Evaluating a sample of 400 young people (50% men) between 18-30 years old (M=22.2), it is found that the most frequent motives for using the Internet for sexual purposes are “finding material with which to masturbate” (70.8% ) and “relax from the stress of my obligations” (44%). Depending on the gender, we observe moderate to large differences (V≥.10) in 6 out of the 8 motivations explored. Finally, some of these motives predict 15% of the variance of the weekly time spent on cybersex consumption and 32% of the scores on a severity scale.La práctica del cibersexo es un comportamiento frecuente que puede desembocar en un patrón de consumo compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a un deterioro funcional en diversos ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Por tanto, conocer los motivos que explicarían que una persona realice esta conducta (de modo recreativo o patológico) es prioritario. Así, este trabajo se plantea el objetivo de analizar la prevalencia de distintos motivos para el consumo de cibersexo, las diferencias en función del género y el vínculo entre estos motivos y los síntomas de consumo problemático. Tomando una muestra de 400 jóvenes (50% hombres) de entre 18-30 años (M=22.2), se constata que las motivaciones más frecuentes para el uso de Internet con fines sexuales son “encontrar material con el que masturbarme” (70.8%) y “relajarme del estrés de mis obligaciones” (44%). En función del género, se aprecian diferencias entre moderadas y grandes (V mayor que .13) en 6 de las 8 motivaciones exploradas. Finalmente, varias de estas motivaciones se mostrarían capaces de predecir el 15% de varianza del tiempo semanal dedicado al consumo de cibersexo y el 32% de la puntuación en una escala de severidad
Impacto da satisfação com o apoio social em atletas
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to perceive the relationship between psychosocial aspects that favorand / or inhibit the sporting performance, and satisfaction with social support a successful variable to the income that can affect performance and influence the results. We used the Portuguese version of (ESSS) Satisfaction Scale Social Support (Ribeiro, 1999) and he sample consisted of 302 professional soccer players, males, aged between 18 and 38 years old. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows. The study revealed that the perception that the athlete has about the social support is likely to affect and influence their overall balance and satisfaction with social support is influenced by age, injury or illness, competitive level, training period, number of weekly workouts , playing position and time spent traveling to training. The results alloew to delineate prevention programs and intervention during the pre-competition and competition phases.O objetivo deste estudo foi perceber as relações entre os aspetos psicossociais que favore ceme ou inibem a performance desportiva, sendo a satisfação com o suporte social uma variável desucesso para o rendimento que pode afetar o desempenho e influenciar os resultados. Utilizou-se a versão Portuguesa da (ESSS) Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (Ribeiro, 1999) numa amostra constituída por 302 atletas séniores de futebol, género masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 38 anos de idade. A análise estatística foi efectuada através do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 para Windows. O estudo revelou que a perceção que o atleta tem do suporte social é passível de afetar e influenciar o seu equilíbrio global e a satisfação com o suporte social é influenciada pela idade, lesões ou doenças, escalão competitivo, período de treino, número de treinos semanais, posição de jogo e tempo gasto nas deslocações para o treino. Os resultados permitem delinear programas preventivos e de intervenção durante as fases de pré-competição e competição
Conhecimento das mães acerca do uso da chupeta, amamentação e desenvolvimento da criança
Get PDFPacifier use is currently considered a public health as it’s one of the main determinants that lead mothers to stop breastfeeding early and because of it’s negative impact on child development. Objectives: To explore mothers’ Knowledge about the effect of pacifier use in the breastfeeding and child development; Identify the factors that led mother who breastfed to introduce pacifiers to their children; To characterize the relative weight evoked by the mothers that lead to pacifier use in the breastfeeding process and in the development of the child; To relate the knowledge of mothers who breastfed and whose children use or not pacifiers about their influence on the process of breastfeeding and child development. Methods: A descriptive-correlational study, according to the quantitative methodology, was developed with mothers of children who were breastfed or who were still breastfeeding, whose children attended public or private day care centers, located in the urban or rural area of the district of Coimbra, using a Questionnaire, applied between April and June/2016.Data were treated by computer and the descriptive statistics was used in the data treatment. Results: A high percentage of mothers reported that their children used a pacifier, starting on the first day of life, at their own option or with the advice of a health professional. High percentage took the decision of its introduction by own option, to calm the child. There was a great dispersion of responses regarding the appropriate age for withdrawal. Small percentage revealed knowledge about the negative impact on early weaning, breastfeeding and infant development. Conclusion: Mothers don’t have a comprehensive knowledge of the influence of the pacifier in the process of breastfeeding and infant development. It’s necessary to focus on the training of health professionals for the transmission of information to mothers.O uso de chupeta é actualmente considerado um problema de Saúde Pública ao se constituir um dos determinantes principais que conduzem as mães a interromper precocemente a amamentação e pelo impacto negativo no desenvolvimento infantil. Objetivos: Explorar o conhecimento das mães sobre o efeito do uso da chupeta no processo da amamentação e desenvolvimento da criança; Identificar os factores que levaram as mães que amamentam ou amamentaram na introdução da chupeta aos filhos; Caracterizar o peso relativo evocado pelas mães que levam ao uso da chupeta no processo de amamentação e no desenvolvimento da criança; Relacionar o conhecimento das mães que amamentam ou amamentaram e cujos filhos usaram ou não chupeta sobre a sua influência no processo de amamentação e desenvolvimento da criança. Participantes e Métodos: Estudo descritivo-correlacional, segundo a metodologia quantitativa, junto de mães de crianças que amamentaram ou que ainda se encontravam a amamentar, cujos filhos frequentavam creches públicas ou privadas, situadas em meio urbano ou rural do distrito de Coimbra, através da aplicação de um Questionário, entre Abril e Junho/2016. Tratou-se os dados por computador e utilizou-se a estatística descritiva no tratamento da informação. Resultados: Grande percentagem de mães referiu que os filhos usaram chupeta, com início no primeiro dia de vida, por opção própria ou aconselhamento de um profissional de saúde. Percentagem elevada tomou a decisão da sua introdução por opção própria, para acalmar o filho. Houve grande dispersão de respostas relativamente à idade adequada para a retirar. Pequena percentagem revelou conhecimento sobre o impacto negativo no desmame precoce, processo de amamentação e desenvolvimento infantil.Conclusões: As mães não possuem uma globalidade de conhecimentos essenciais sobre a influência da chupeta no processo de amamentação e desenvolvimento infantil. É necessário apostar na formação dos profissionais de saúde para a transmissão de informações às mães
El cyberbullying sus causas y efectos en estudiantes de grado sexto en la educación básica secundaria
Get PDFThe coexistence in the classroom reflects what happens in the environment, so we must be vigilant and observe the different behaviors that present the boys, by tracking changes affecting coexistence, respect and rights of others, such as the violation privacy and free expression. This item is motivated misuse of the information and communications technology (ICT) for children who begin their secondary education, to encourage conflicts of various kinds; in a community like Usme in Bogotá, DC, immersed in poverty, domestic and social violence, where the District Educational Institution Diego Montana Cuellar, which is intended to alert the different actors to sensitize and minimize the effects of so-called Cyberbullying. The study used qualitative research through participant observation, pretending to investigate the causes that induce young children, to use technological means to foster classroom brawls outside the institution, verbal aggression and images on social media like Facebook, to integrate the family, the institution and the community to tackle the phenomenon of cyberbullying.La convivencia en el aula refleja lo que sucede en el entorno, por lo cual debemos estar atentos y observar los diferentes comportamientos que presenten los chicos, haciendo seguimiento a cambios que afecten la convivencia, el respecto y derecho de los demás, como la violación a la privacidad y a la libre expresión.Este articulo lo motivó el uso inadecuado de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) por niños que inician su formación secundaria, para propiciar conflictos de diferente índole; en una comunidad como la de Usme, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., inmersa en la pobreza, la violencia intrafamiliar y social, donde se encuentra la Institución Educativa Distrital Diego Montaña Cuellar, con lo cual se intenta alertar a los diferentes actores para sensibilizar y minimizar los efectos del denominado Cyberbullying.El estudio utilizó la investigación cualitativa, mediante observación participante, pretendiendo indagar las causas que inducen a niños de corta edad, a usar los medios tecnológicos del aula para propiciar riñas fuera de la institución, agresión verbal y de imágenes en medios sociales como Facebook, con el fin de integrar a la familia, la institución y la comunidad para enfrentar el fenómeno del Cyberbullying
Parents knowledge about the development of children aged 2 to 6 years old.
Get PDFBased on the assumption that parental knowledge about child development influences the way parents understand the behavior of their children, parenting actions and child development, this study aimed to: 1) analyze what parents know about the development of children aged between 2 and 6 years old and the security they have on this knowledge; 2) explore the variability of this knowledge according to characteristics such as age, sex, parents’ level of education and number of children; 3) know if parental knowledge about child development predicts pleasure in parenting. For the purpose, it was used a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Portuguese versions of the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory-P [KIDI-P] (MacPhee, 1996; Portuguese adaptation by Nobre-Lima, Vale-Dias, Mendes, Mónico, y MacPhee, 2014) and of the Pleasure in Parenting Scale [PPS] (Fagot, 1995; Portuguese adaptation: Taborda, Vale-Dias, Aguiar, y Morais, 2011). KIDI-P is a one-dimensional scale of 58 items which are scored as correct, incorrect or not sure. Three summary scores can be calculated: a t t e m p t e d , a c c u r a c y and a t o t al. The former is related to confidence in ones knowledge, the second represents exposure to solid, normative information about infants and the last reflects the percentage of correct answers out of all items on the KIDI-P . PPS is a 10 items unidimensional scale evaluating the gratification in parenting.The sample has around 500 parents, on average on their thirties, both sexes, and not couples. Results show that parental knowledge about child development predicts pleasure in parenting. Results also point to some interesting differences in the KIDI-P summary scores between mothers and fathers and according to the number of children and educational background, that can be suggestive of the importance of addressing the sources of knowledge about developmental information and its rigorous disclosure when working with parents, for example in educational or pediatric contexts.
Pregnant women’s graphic representations: a new instrument for the assessment of the body image during gestation.
Get PDFPregnant women’s body image is crucial for psychological organization during pregnancy. Projective drawings enable the assessement of body image but studies using drawings of pregnancy (DP) are scarce. Aims: to observe the evolution of body image between the second and the third trimesters using DP and the relationships between DP and sociodemographic and clinical factors. Participants: pregnant women waiting for sonograms (202, second trimester; 159, third trimester). Instruments: Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire and DP. Results: DP’s data at the second trimester were factoranalyzed yelding four factors: F1- General Representation of the Imaginary Baby (α = .966), F2- Representation of the Maternal Image (α = .888), F3- Detailed Representation of the Imaginary Baby (α = .846) and F4- Recognition of Pregnancy (α = .588). Between the two moments, F2 presented a significant difference while F1, F3 and F4 did not. Significant correlations were observed between DP’s factors and clinical variables: parity, spontaneous abortions, total of abortions and the beginning of maternal perception about fetal movements. Conclusion: in a healthy population, DP are sensitive to changes in maternal image. Once the imaginary baby representation and the recognition of pregnancy do not change significantly, the theory of psychological development during pregnancy is reinforced
Crenças sobre práticas parentais em crianças em famílias de crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento
Get PDFUnderstanding beliefs about parental practices can provide practitioners of early child care and their families elements for the design of effective early intervention strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the beliefs about parental practices in families of children with developmental delays. Thirty-six families of 40 children attending the Municipal Early Childhood Centers, who presented different delays in their development, in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, participated in this study the home visit was conducted for each family, in which the parents answered the two questionnaires. Among the results, it was verified that the higher the level of importance to the beliefs about practices of presentation of the baby or child in public, the lower the level of parental schooling. From these results, it is concluded that beliefs about parental practices differ when related to other factors, especially with parent level of education, and the presence of religious practices, which showed high importance for this sample.Compreender as crenças sobre as práticas parentais, pode fornecer elementos aos profissionais na atuação junto à criança nos anos iniciais da infância e à sua família, elaborando estratégias efetivas de Intervenção Precoce. O objetivo foi investigar as crenças sobre as práticas parentais em famílias de crianças com atrasos no desenvolvimento. Participaram 36 famílias de 40 crianças que frequentam a Educação Infantil e apresentam diferentes atrasos em seu desenvolvimento, da cidade de Curitiba, Brasil. Foi realizada uma visita domiciliar para cada família, em que os pais responderam a dois questionários. Entre os resultados, verificou-se que quanto maior nível de importância às crenças sobre práticas de Apresentação da criança em público, menor é o grau de escolaridade parental. Conclui-se que as crenças sobre as práticas parentais se diferenciam quando relacionadas a outros fatores, em especial com a escolaridade parental e presença de práticas religiosas, que mostraram elevada importância para esta amostra
Il minore vittima di abusi sessuali e le garanzie del giusto processo penale
Get PDFCriminal proceedings concerning the assessment of sexual abusive behaviour affecting minors includes, among its most delicate stages, the collection of the young victim’s statements, especially if the victims are in their earliest years.The collection of a minor’s testimony must follow rules and procedures whose main goal is to safeguard the minor.Up to now, Italian Criminal Justice System does not provide an organic system for the Young victim’s protection; on the part of the legislator, there is a lack of specific rules and regolations for the minor’s testimony.According to Article 196, paragraph 1 and 2 of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedures, “every person is competent to testify,” but “in order to evaluate the witness’ statement, the judge can order appropriate verifications using all lawful means, even ex officio.”More effectively, Article 10 of the Carta of Noto recommend, for children under 12 and apart from exceptional cases, “that a valuation must always occur in order to verify the victim’s fitness to testify about the matters,” unless the judge can evaluate the reliability of the testimony.Therefore, is it possible for the judge to establish the truthfulness of the minor’s testimony apart from a technical advice of an expert, that is without making a psychological evaluation of the child first?” The prevailing jurisprudential orientation in recent years confirms the prevalence of the so-called principle of the all-encompassing evaluation, whereby “on the subject of sexual offenses against young children, it is illegal, for violation of the principle of the formation of evidence in contradictory, the refusal of judge to arrange a psychological examination, in order to ascertain the adherence to the reality or not of the narration of the facts, depending on possible fanciful elaborations of the age or of the personological structure of the minor2”.Nei procedimenti penali aventi ad oggetto l’accertamento della condotta di abuso sessuale a danno di minore, fra le fasi più delicate, vi è quella inerente l’acquisizione delle dichiarazioni della giovane vittima specie se in tenera età.E’ pacifico che l’assunzione della testimonianza di un minore, perché tale, deve avvenire con criteri e modalità che abbiano quale obiettivo principale, quello della tutela del minore stesso. Il sistema penale italiano a tutt’oggi rileva l’assenza di un organico sistema di protezione del minore vittima di abusi; manca una specifica disciplina da parte del legislatore, della testimonianza del soggetto minore di età.Secondo quanto disposto dall’art. 196, comma 1 e 2 c.p.p.“Ogni persona ha la capacità di testimoniare” tuttavia “qualora, al fine di valutare le dichiarazioni del testimone, sia necessario verificarne l’idoneità física o mentale a rendere testimonianza, il giudice anche di ufficio può ordinare gli accertamenti opportuni con i mezzi consentiti dalla legge”.Più efficacemente la Carta di Noto all’art. 10 raccomanda per i minori di anni dodici e salvo casi eccezionali “che sia sempre disposta perizia al fine di verificarne la idoneità a testimoniare sui fatti oggetto d’indagine”, salvo al giudice valutare l’attendibilità della testimonianza resa.E’ possibile allora per il decidente, accertare la veridicità della condotta abusante dal racconto del minore, prescindendo dall’ausilio del parere tecnico di un perito, ovvero senza aver prima disposto una perizia psicologica sul bambino?L’orientamento giurisprudenziale prevalente negli ultimi anni, conferma il prevalere del principio cosiddetto della valutazione onnicomprensiva, per cui “in tema di reati sessuali su minori in tenera età, è illegittimo, per violazione del principio della formazione della prova in contraddittorio, il rifiu to dei giudice di disporre una perizia psicologica, al fine di accertare l’aderenza alla realtà o meno della narrazione dei fatti, in dipendenza di eventuali elaborazioni fantasiose proprie dell’età o della struttura personologica del minore”1