International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
Not a member yet
2185 research outputs found
Sort by
Ansiedad por separación: validez y fiabilidad de instrumentos de evaluación
Get PDFSeparation anxiety is problematic when its characteristic symptoms, such as anguish or resistance, are experienced intensely and constantly. The disorder that results from this excessive anxious manifestation tends to begin in childhood and continue in adolescence, causing serious consequences in adulthood. Therefore, it is convenient to detect and treat this pathology as soon as possible. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze the construct validity (factorial structure) and the reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) of the tools designed to assess separation anxiety in children and adolescents. An exhaustive search was made in interdisciplinary, psychological and educational databases, using terms related to the disorder, assessment, childhood and adolescence. Of all the records identified in the search, only those that responded to the purpose of the study were selected. The tools analyzed were finally the following: Separation Anxiety -Assessment Scale - Child Version, Separation Anxiety Scale for Children, Separation Anxiety Avoidance Inventory – Child and Parent Version, and Children’s Separation Anxiety Scale. All of them are composed by factors that allow identifying situations generating separation anxiety.Furthermore, the internal consistency and temporal stability indexes provided by the corresponding studies are satisfactory in the vast majority. These results demonstrate the existence of tools for assessing separation anxiety that provide valid and reliable scores to be used by professionals in clinical and educational psychology.La ansiedad por separación resulta problemática cuando sus síntomas característicos, como la angustia o la resistencia, se experimentan de manera intensa y constante. El trastorno que se deriva de esta excesiva manifestación ansiosa tiende a iniciarse en la infancia y a continuar en la adolescencia, causando graves consecuencias en la adultez. Por tanto, resulta conveniente detectar y tratar esta patología lo antes posible. En este sentido, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la validez de constructo (estructura factorial) y la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) de los instrumentos diseñados para evaluar la ansiedad por separación en niños y adolescentes. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos interdisciplinares y del ámbito de la psicología y la educación, utilizando términos relacionados con el trastorno, la evaluación, la infancia y la adolescencia. De todos los registros identificados en la búsqueda, se seleccionaron exclusivamente aquellos que respondieron al propósito del estudio. Los instrumentos analizados finalmente fueron los siguientes: Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale - Child Version, Separation Anxiety Scale for Children, Separation Anxiety Avoidance Inventory - Child and Parent Version y Children’s Separation Anxiety Scale. Todos ellos están compuestos por factores que permiten identificar las situaciones generadoras de ansiedad por separación. Asimismo, los índices de consistencia interna y de estabilidad temporal proporcionados por los estudios correspondientes resultan satisfactorios en su amplia mayoría. Estos resultados evidencian la existencia de instrumentos de evaluación de la ansiedad por separación que proporcionan puntuaciones válidas y fiables para ser utilizados por profesionales de la psicología clínica y educativa
Introducción
No full textPresentation of INFAD Journal, no.1, vol.3, 2018. Monograph 2: "Psychology and current values"Presentación del nº1, vol.3, 2018 de la Revista INFAD, Monográfico 2: "La psicología y valores actuales
Promoção do papel parental nos comportamentos de sono de crianças até aos cinco anos de idade
Get PDFIntroduction: The sleep plays an important role in the first years of life to promote the growth and development of children. The insufficiency and low quality of sleep in children has been a public health problem. A total of 25 to 50% of children up to five years old present difficulties related sleep. Objectives: To know the nursing interventions developed by the nurses aimed at the adequate exercise of parental role in dealing with children’s behavior at bedtime. Methods: Integrative Literature Review, to answer the question “How nurses help the parents of children up to five years old to deal with their children’s behavior at bedtime?” Bibliographic search in databases social science, nursing and health professions, neuroscience, medicine and dentistry decision science, B-on, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Medline (with full-text), CINAHL Plus (with fulltext), MedicLatina and ERIC, selecting studies from 2012 to May/2017 in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish using the descriptors “parents”, “nurse”, “children’s sleep”, “Sleep habits”, “sleep”, “children” e “recommendation” and their correspondents in Portuguese. They included eight articles. Results: Parents with greater knowledge about children’s hygiene and sleep patterns adopt better strategies, more appropriate to their children and that aim to promote sleep-favoring behaviors. There are some differences about bed sharing and naps in the context of Nurseries. The nurses, in general, have little education about the child’s sleep, which makes their action difficult. Conclusion: Although most of parents are sensitive to developing strategies appropriate to their child’s sleep needs, the nurses should be awake to the importance of parent empowerment about children’s sleep. There must be a greater investment in the teaching and promotion of good practices before sleep.Antecedentes: O sono assume papel importante nos primeiros anos de vida ao promover o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. A insuficiência e baixa qualidade do sono nas crianças tem vindo a constituir problema de saúde pública. Um total de 25 a 50% das crianças até aos cinco anos de idade apresentam dificuldades relacionadas com o sono. Objetivos: Conhecer as intervenções de enfermagem desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros que visem o exercício adequado do papel parental no lidar com o comportamento dos filhos no momento de dormir. Participantes/Métodos: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, para responder à questão “Como ajudam os enfermeiros os pais de crianças até aos cinco anos de idade a lidar com o comportamento dos filhos no momento de dormir?” Pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados social science, nursing and heath professions, neuroscience, medicine and dentistry decision science, B-on, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Medline (with full-text), CINAHL Plus (with full-text), MedicLatina and ERIC, selecionando estudos de 2012 a Maio/2017 em português, inglês, francês e espanhol utilizando-se “parents”; “nurse”; “children’s sleep”; “Sleep habits”; “sleep”; “children” e “recommendation” e seus correspondentes em português. Incluíram-se oito artigos. Resultados: Pais com maior conhecimento sobre higiene e padrões de sono dos filhos, adotam melhores estratégias, mais adequadas às suas crianças e que visam a promoção de comportamentos favorecedores do sono. Existem algumas disparidades sobre B e d S h a rin g e sestas em contexto de infantário. Os enfermeiros, de uma forma geral, têm pouca formação sobre o sono da criança, o que dificulta a sua ação. Conclusões: Embora a maioria dos pais estejam sensíveis a desenvolver estratégias adequadas às necessidades de sono do filho, os enfermeiros devem estar despertos para a importância da capacitação dos pais sobre o sono dos filhos. Tem de ser feito um maior investimento na vertente dos ensinos e promoção de boas práticas antes do son
Clinical profile associated with HIV risk in Spanish youth
Get PDFHeterosexual transmission is the second route of new HIV infection diagnoses in Spain. A high percentage of young people use condom inconsistently. Beyond cognitive factors, emotional variables seem to be associated with sexual risk behavior. The aim was to examine the differential clinical profile between young people at risk and no-risk for HIV infection. A total of 424 heterosexuals were evaluated (M age =20.62; SD=2.16), and distributed into two groups: risk group (60.7%) and non-risk group (39.3%). They completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Young people who do not use condoms consistently scored higher on worry about health, fear of negative evaluation, depressive symptoms and self-esteem. But no statistical differences were obtained between the group of risk and non-risk group. A multiple regression logistic analysis indicated that depression (B =.054, p = .015) and age (B =.135, p = .010) explained 5.6% of the variance in condom use. It would be relevant to continue studying the role of negative affective states and emotional self-regulation in risky sexual behaviors among this population.Heterosexual transmission is the second route of new HIV infection diagnoses in Spain. A high percentage of young people use condom inconsistently. Beyond cognitive factors, emotional variables seem to be associated with sexual risk behavior. The aim was to examine the differential clinical profile between young people at risk and no-risk for HIV infection. A total of 424 heterosexuals were evaluated (M age =20.62; SD=2.16), and distributed into two groups: risk group (60.7%) and non-risk group (39.3%). They completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Young people who do not use condoms consistently scored higher on worry about health, fear of negative evaluation, depressive symptoms and self-esteem. But no statistical differences were obtained between the group of risk and non-risk group. A multiple regression logistic analysis indicated that depression (B =.054, p = .015) and age (B =.135, p = .010) explained 5.6% of the variance in condom use. It would be relevant to continue studying the role of negative affective states and emotional self-regulation in risky sexual behaviors among this population
Malestar psicológico y apoyo psicosocial en víctimas de ciberbullying
Get PDFCyberbullying is a growing problem that raises an important social concern. Studies suggest that cyberbullying has serious consequences for the psychological well-being of cyber-victims, and also that they feel alone in this situation of intimidation. The principal aim of this study was to analyze the consequences of cyberbullying in terms of cyber victimitation, psychological distress, perceived emotional support and loneliness in cyber victims. These analyzes took into account the duration of this type of intimidation (it has not happened to me, during 1 month (or less), between 3 and 6 months, or during 1 year (or more)). The sample consisted of 1023 adolescents (51.2% boys and 48.8% girls), between 12 and 18 years old. The results show that cyber victims harassed between 3 and 6 months have more psychological discomfort. On the other hand, cyber victims harassed during 1 year (or more) perceive less emotional support, and feel more alone compared to cyber victims of less time.The results demonstrate the need to help victims, and the importance of emotional and social support to stop this type of harassment. These results and their implications for future research are discussed.El ciberbullying es un problema creciente que suscita mucha preocupación social. Los estudios sugieren que el ciberbullying conlleva graves consecuencias para el bienestar psicológico de las cibervíctimas, y que éstas se encuentran solas ante la intimidación. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las consecuencias del ciberbullying en cuanto a la cibervictimización, el malestar psicológico, el apoyo emocional percibido y la soledad en las cibervíctimas en función de la duración de este tipo de intimidación (no me ha pasado, 1 mes (o menos), entre 3 y 6 meses, o 1 año (o más)). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1023 adolescentes (51.2% chicos y 48.8% chicas), entre 12 y 18 años. Los resultados mostraron que las cibervíctimas acosadas entre 3 y 6 meses son las que tienen más cibervictimización y tienen un mayor malestar psicológico. A su vez, se observó que las cibervíctimas acosadas durante 1 año (o más) son las que perciben menos apoyo emocional, y se sienten más solas en comparación a las cibervíctimas de menos tiempo. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de ayudar a las víctimas, siendo importante el apoyo emocional y social para la detención de este tipo de acoso. Se discuten estos resultados y sus implicaciones para futuras investigaciones
Las redes de atención a la infancia como respuesta a los cambios en el mundo actual
Get PDFThe Psychology of the Education must give response to the current changing world. The purpose of this investigation is to offer tools that promote those changes through the psychopedagogical advice. The concept of social network is reviewed and analysed from a psychologic and educative perspective adopting a systemic approach. The characteristics of the networks of attention to the childhood initiated in the populations to Catalonia are deeply analysed. The study will allow to pose the elements to carry out the advice on the design and implementation of a network of attention to the childhood. The future work is to achieve this advice through the intervention in the creation of different networks of attention to the childhood and the adolescence.La Psicología de la Educación ha de dar respuesta al mundo cambiante actual. La finalidad de esta investigación fue ofrecer herramientas que promovieran dichos cambios, a través del asesoramiento psicopedagógico. Se revisó y analizó el concepto de red social desde una perspectiva psicoeducativa adoptando un enfoque sistémico. Se analizaron las características de las redes de atención a la infancia iniciadas en algunas poblaciones. El estudio permitirá plantear los elementos para llevar a cabo el asesoramiento sobre el diseño e implementación de una red de atención a la infancia. Como prospectiva se plantea la posibilidad de realizar dicho asesoramiento mediante la intervención en la creación de diferentes redes de atención a la infancia y la adolescencia
Actualización del papel de las analogías verbales y su capacidad predictiva sobre la prueba final de la ESO
Get PDFWith the present work proposes a new format of assessment using verbal analogies with the test AN2.0. It has been piloted the test with students of 4º ESO, N=74. The test gets Cronbach’s Alpha of .85. At the same time shows good correlation with DAT RV and DAT RN, as well as with the final exam of ESO ( Community of Madrid), becoming the best predictor of the califications in the exam. It is confirmed, the great role of the verbal analogies in the scholar achievement even with changes in the format of response, opening a new field to explore.Con el presente trabajo se propone un formato nuevo de evaluación mediante analogías verbales con la prueba AN2.0. Se ha pilotado la prueba con alumnado de 4º de la ESO, N=74. Se obtiene un a de cronbach de .85. Así mismo muestra buenas correlaciones con DAT RV y DAT RN, así como con la prueba de final de etapa de la ESO de la Comunidad de Madrid, convirtiéndose en el mejor predictor de la misma. Se confirma, así, el gran peso asociativo de las analogías verbales con el rendimiento escolar incluso con variantes en el formato de respuesta, abriéndose de esta manera un nuevo campo a explorar
Redes sociales y aplicaciones de móvil: uso, abuso y adicción.
Get PDFThe overwhelming popularity of Social Networks and mobile applications is a widespread phenomenon that has undeniable educational implications. In fact, they have become almost indispensable tools in the lives of people. And it is precisely in this unquestionable and disturbing reality where we have found the justification to perform this work, whose objective is to know the relationship that people have with Social Networks and mobile applications –emphasizing WhatsApp– which could pass from a simple use to a manifest abuse and, even, addiction to them. It is intended to inquire the use made of these tools and the negative consequences that can result when an abusive use appears. Thus, in addition to the potential deterioration of the interpersonal relationships, the social skills and the communication capacity, we have investigated possible problems of control and loss of intimacy that may arise, especially around the couple, and can be the first steps in gender violence. For that, we have used a quantitative empirical-analytical methodology. The measurement instrument used is an a d h o c questionnaire, prepared by the authors, consisting of 56 items, which was applied to a sample of n =226 individuals. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the use of these tools is massive, as well as the general frequency with which they are used, what supposes a certain limitation in the life of the people, specifically complicating aspects of their social life, being able to effectively involve added problems, such as the risky use of the control possibilities presented by such toolsLa abrumadora popularidad de las Redes Sociales y las aplicaciones del móvil es un fenómeno ampliamente generalizado que tiene innegables implicaciones educativas. De hecho, se han convertido en herramientas casi imprescindibles en la vida de las personas. Y es, precisamente, en esta incuestionable e inquietante realidad donde hemos hallado la justificación para llevar a cabo el presente trabajo, cuyo objetivo es conocer la relación que las personas tienen con las Redes Sociales y aplicaciones móviles –destacando el W h a t s A p p –pudiendo pasar ésta de un simple uso a un manifiesto abuso e, incluso, adicción a las mismas. Se pretende inquirir el uso que se hace de dichas herramientas y las consecuencias negativas que pueden acarrear cuando aparece un uso abusivo. Así, además del potencial deterioro de las relaciones interpersonales, las habilidades sociales y la capacidad de comunicación, hemos investigado posibles problemas de control y pérdida de intimidad que pueden derivarse, especialmente en el ámbito de la pareja, pudiendo pergeñar los primeros pasos en la violencia de género. Para ello, hemos utilizado una metodología cuantitativa, empíricoanalítica. El instrumento de medida utilizado es un cuestionario a d h o c , de elaboración propia, constituido por 56 ítems, que fue aplicado a una muestra final de n =226 sujetos. Los resultados permiten concluir que el uso de estas herramientas es masivo, así como la frecuencia general con la que se utilizan, lo que supone una cierta limitación en la vida de las personas, dificultando específicamente aspectos de su vida social, pudiendo conllevar, efectivamente, problemas añadidos, como el uso arriesgado de las posibilidades de control que presentan tales herramientas
¿Existe relación entre el consumo de alcohol de los padres y el de los adolescentes?
Get PDFIn general, attitudes and behaviours of parents may influence on the configuration of children’s habits. However, it is unclear what extent this influence could exist on important stages such as adolescence, in which their peers are the main reference and exercise a powerful modelling. For this reason, our study explores if certain behaviours and attitudes of parents are related to the consumption and/or attitudes of their children regarding alcohol and other drugs. A total of 331 adolescents (47.2% boys, 52.7% girls) with ages between 13 and 18 years old (M=14.8, SD=1.02) completed the CIACS-2 (Ballester y Gil, 2007). Half of the girls and 70% of the boys have been drunk, at least, once ( X ²=12.72, p=.005). In addition, approximately 25% of boys and girls disagree with the affirmation “I would not use any drug for perceiving fear of its effects”. In this context, positive parental attitudes towards alcohol consumption and their parents’ consumption are associated with the fact that adolescents have ever gotten drunk, consume alcohol on weekends and have positive attitudes towards it. Similarly, positive attitudes toward drugs among family members are related to adolescents’ underestimate of its adverse effects. The risk behaviours and attitudes of relatives seem to modulate, negatively, adolescents’ beliefs and behaviours. Therefore, and taking into account the role of parents as models, it seems essential to design more preventive strategies aimed at family responsible, as well as adolescents.En general, se entiende que las actitudes y conductas de los padres influyen en la configuración de los hábitos de los hijos. Sin embargo, no siempre se conoce hasta qué punto podría existir dicha influencia en etapas clave como la adolescencia en las que, en principio, los pares son la fuente de referencia y ejercen un potente modelado. Por este motivo, nuestro estudio busca conocer si ciertas conductas y actitudes de padres están relacionados con el consumo y/o las actitudes que tienen sus hijos respecto al alcohol y otras drogas. Un total de 331 adolescentes (47,2% chicos; 52,7% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años (M=14,8; DT=1,02) cumplimentaron el CIACS-2 (Ballester y Gil, 2007). La mitad de chicas y el 70% de los chicos se han emborrachado, como mínimo, algunas veces (X²=12,72; p=,005). Además, aproximadamente un 25% de chicos y chicas están en desacuerdo con la afirmación “no consumiría ninguna droga por miedo a sus efectos”. En este marco, las actitudes paternas positivas hacia el consumo de alcohol y el propio consumo de los padres se asocian con el hecho de que los adolescentes se hayan emborrachado alguna vez, consuman alcohol los fines de semana y tengan actitudes positivas hacia el mismo. De igual forma, las actitudes positivas hacia las drogas entre los familiares se relacionan con una minimización de sus efectos adversos por parte de los adolescentes. Las conductas y actitudes de riesgo de los responsables familiares parecen modular, negativamente, las creencias y comportamientos de los propios adolescentes. Así pues, y teniendo en cuenta el papel de los padres como modelos de conducta, parece imprescindible diseñar más estrategias preventivas dirigidas a los propios responsables familiares, además de a los adolescentes
Las estrategias cognitivo-conductuales y expectativas sobre sus beneficios median la relación entre apoyo social parental y frecuencia de actividad física de los adolescentes
Get PDFIn recent years the idea of conceiving physical activity as a complex behavior which is influenced by multiple factors has proliferated. Ecological models are valid frameworks to analyze the physical activity in young, because it allows including different kinds of variables (cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal and environmental variables). In this study, perceived social support to physical activity, the use of self-control strategies and outcome expectancies associated with physical activity and number of days a week, for at least 60 minutes per day, of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were reported by 494 adolescents (52.2% girls) aged from 12 to 16 years old. It was examined if the relationship between social parental support and MVPA was mediated by cognitive variables (self-control strategies and outcome expectancies). The obtained results showed a relationship between social parental support and MVPA, relationship which was mediated by a higher use of higher self-control strategies and higher outcomes expectancies about physical activity.En los últimos años ha proliferado la idea de concebir la actividad física como una conducta compleja afectada por una multiplicidad de factores. Los enfoques ecológicos son válidos para el análisis de la actividad física infantil y juvenil al permitir incorporar variables de distinta naturaleza (cognitivas, conductuales, interpersonales o ambientales). En este estudio, 494 adolescentes (52.2% chicas), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años ( M edad = 13.96) informaron del apoyo social (materno y paterno) para la práctica de actividad física, la frecuencia con la que empleaban estrategias de autocontrol para promover su realización, las expectativas de resultado asociadas a dicha práctica y la cantidad de días a la semana que se implicaban en la realización, durante al menos 60 minutos, de actividad física a una intensidad situada entre moderada y vigorosa. Se examinó si las variables de naturaleza cognitiva (estrategias y expectativas) mediaban en la relación entre el apoyo parental percibido y la frecuencia semanal de práctica de actividad física. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron la existencia de una asociación entre el apoyo social percibido y la frecuencia de práctica de actividad física, relación que estuvo mediada paralelamente por el mayor empleo de estrategias de autocontrol y por unas mayores expectativas de resultado sobre los beneficios vinculados a su práctica