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Analisis kesuksesan sistem informasi peresepan terintegrasi di rumah sakit ananda bekasi
Get PDFElectronic prescribing is very much beneficial for the hospital, the benefits provided to the hospital include reducing the rate of prescribing medication mistakes made by the physician to the patient, reducing the prescribing error of the physician by the hospital pharmacy installation, improving the patient's compliance with the prescription of the physician and reducing patient waiting time in taking drugs. Current conditions are many levels of prescribing mistakes made by doctors to patients. But also many patients who are not obedient to prescriptions given by doctors, this is because there are still many hospitals that have not used prescription information system.
The study was conducted on the success of integrated prescribing information system at Ananda Bekasi Hospital. The study was conducted on 71 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to specialists, dentists and general practitioners. Processing and data analysis techniques performed using SEM-PLS version 3.2.6. The results of the analysis show that the information quality affects the intentions to use and user satisfaction, intension to use and user satisfaction affect the net benefits. From the results of research can answer the research objectives as follows: Factors that affect prescribing information system success are: information quality, intension to use, user satisfaction and net benefits.
The conclusion of the research results when compared with the framework of DeLone & McLean updated information system success theory used in the study, from six construct variables used in the framework of the research theory obtained the results there are only four constructive variables that influence the research of integrated prescribing information system at the Ananda Bekasi hospital. The four influencing construct variables are variable of information quality, intension to use, user satisfaction and net benefits
Optimalisasi portofolio kredit untuk perencanaan ekspansi kredit pada pt bank negara indonesia (persero) tbk wilayah jakarta selatan
Get PDFOne of the causes of credit failure is a poorly calculated placement of bank
credits, bank credits that are not carefully calculated, for example, are
concentrated in one area only (one sector only), so that when unfortunate
conditions occur in the sector, the whole the credit becomes stuck. Therefore, it is
necessary to prioritize the risk segregation of bank loans. The combination of
various sectors in BNI's credit will form a credit portfolio that contributes to each
other in determining the rate of return and business risks. By knowing the
characteristics of each sector of the economy for a certain period of time will be
obtained an important information that will help decision makers in BNI in order
to establish an efficient portfolio in connection with credit expansion plans in both
the middle and small segments.
This study aims to determine the performance of each economic sector by
looking at the return and credit risk portfolio of each sector of the economy in
lending at 3 Sentra Kredit Menengah (SKM) and 2 Sentra Kredit Kecil (SKC) that
exist under the unit BNI WJS as well Knowing the combination or composition of
optimal loan portfolio at Sentra Kredit Menengah and kecil in BNI Region Jakarta
Senayan giving the biggest return with low risk level In this research will be done
the formation of optimum economic sector portofolio using Model Markowitz to
get combination of financing sector capable produce high return with low risk
level. Processing techniques and data analysis in this study using the calculation
of standard deviation, covariance, correlation coefficient and optimization of
Markowitz model portfolio.
The data used in this study is secondary data sourced from Data Base
contained in the internal bank report system. The variables used in this study are
based on the assessment of credit profile profile in the middle and small segments
for 5 years, from 2013 until 2017 to the financing sectors in 3 SKM and 2 SKC
which is under the BNI WJS unit. While for the deepening of research materials
conducted interviews with credit breakers and credit managers in BNI Jakarta
Senayan area.
The results of this study indicate that the average return realization for
SKM JRM average realization return of 0.93% with electricity, gas and water
sector that gives the highest return of 1.45%. Return on average realization of
SKM JDM of 1.01% with social services sector of society giving the highest
realization return equal to 1.29% whereas average realization return of SKM JPM
equal to 0.89% with agricultural sector, hunting, and agricultural facilities giving
highest return equal to 1.07%. For Small Credit Center or SKC, the average
realization return for SKC TAC is 0.98% with the processing industry and
transprortation, warehousing and communication industries that provide the
highest return of 1.13% while the average realization return on SKC MRC is
1.01% with the sector agriculture, hunting, and agricultural facilities that provide
the highest return of 1.22%. However, almost all sectors have an average return
below the target or expected return. The risk level on SKM JRM in the existing portfolio is 0.401, the level of risk on SKM JDM in the existing portfolio is
0201% while in SKM JPM the highest risk level is 0.106%. The risk level on
SKC TAC on the existing portfolio is 0.442% while in the SKC MRC the risk
level is 0.339%. The result of optimizing the loan portfolio at SKM JRM resulted
in the expected return rate of 1.00% and the risk level of 0.401%, in the JDM
SKM resulting in the expected return rate of 1.06% and the risk level of 0.201%,
and the JPM JPM resulted in the expected return rate of 1.09% and risk level
0.106%. The optimization result on SKC TAC at the expected return rate is 0.98%
and the risk level is 0.200% while the optimization result on SKC MCR at the
expected return rate is 1.02% and the risk level is 0.209%.
The results of the study show portfolio recommendations taken for BNI
Jakarta Regional Office Senayan, to the management is advised to continue to
implement credit expansion in sectors in accordance with its competence. In
planning the optimal loan portfolio composition in relation to the credit expansion
plan, the optimum portfolio alternative from the results of this research can be
used as a reference. Credit expansion plan in BNI WJS both SKC capable of SKM
with optimum composition can be done in several ways, namely to analyze the
potential of BNI WJS region per financed economic sector, credit expansion is
focused on economic sector which has good performance in the past and still have
opportunity to developed. For the development of the economic sector should also
be considered past trends as a limiting factor. BNI WJS can act or create
partnership pattern between big, middle and small entrepreneur. Each stratum
entrepreneur can be given credit which amount according to the scale of his
business
Dampak bea keluar kakao terhadap industri kakao di indonesia
Get PDFOne of the main commodities of the Indonesian plantation sub-sector is cocoa. Indonesian cocoa production is included in the form of unfermented beans. The Government of Indonesia in April 2010 imposed tariffs on cocoa beans. The purpose of this policy is to guarantee domestic cocoa goods for domestic companies at affordable prices. Domestic cocoa industry needs to be cultivated, but the production of cocoa beans has decreased. Decrease in productivity in cocoa seed raw material supply for cocoa processing industry.
Price is an important factor that determines farmers 'income, so the aims of this study looks at price relationships at the farmers' level, domestic prices, international prices and to analysis of the effect of cocoa export duty on the cocoa processing industry. This research method uses VAR / VECM to know the relation of domestic and international price. Diamond Porter is used to see the impact of export duty policies issued by the government on the competitiveness of the cocoa processing industry. The international price of cocoa beans monthly from ICCO, monthly domestic price of spot cocoa beans Makassar from Bappebti, export benchmark prices and monthly tariffs, cocoa beans price of farmers from APKAI, structured questionnaire based on diamond porter were used for this research.
Based on the results and discussion based on the VECM test, only on the long-term relationships, international prices have a significant influence on domestic prices. Based on the IRF test showing shocks at international prices responded positively by the price of domestic cocoa in Indonesia while export tax responded negatively by the domestic price. The FEVD results state that the largest contribution to shocks comes from international prices. International prices are perfectly transmitted to domestic prices. Farmers have a high risk indicated by higher coefficient variance values compared to domestic and international prices. Farmers faced uncertainty price for caring cocoa gardens. The absence of incentives is one of the causes of the decline in cocoa beans production that ultimately affects the cocoa processing industry.
The impact of cocoa beans exports to the national cocoa industry increases the installed capacity of the industry due to the cheap import of cocoa beans. Porter diamond model shown the existence of exit duty policy can increase domestic industry competition, as well as the development of industrial derivative products of processed products of cocoa. But the increase not accompanied by upstream activities that are full of declining cocoa seed production are in short supply of cocoa beans for domestic industry. Lack of domestic industry strategy in solving the phenomenon of raw material supply shortage
Pemetaan risiko pada penerapan online banking dengan pendekatan erm (studi kasus pada bank xyz)
Get PDFThe implementation of online banking in Indonesia is inline with the increasing of mobile device users who have become a part of people's lifestyle, hence online banking offers easy to access on banking services. Compared to conventional banking services where customers must approach the Bank to conduct transactions, online banking services are perceived to be easier and more flexible. Changing the manual process to digital allows more flexible process where customers don’t need to go to the Bank but can use Bank channels.
The use of online banking technology has potential risks that must be managed and considered by the Bank. Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) as regulators in the Indonesia financial industry, impose some rules regarding the implementation of online banking. It is intended that the implementation of online banking can be implemented with regard to aspects of risk management and consumer protection.
This study aims to examine risk mapping on implementation online banking using ERM approach, including risk mitigation strategies for identified risks.This research was conducted at XYZ Bank who has implemented online banking. The results of this study found 55 potential risk. Some of identified risks related to operational risk such as bank system security like vulnerability to viruses, malware, hacking, also access information by unauthorized person. Risk mitigation strategies applied by XYZ Bank is mostly done by managing the risk. The reason because implementation online banking still on development process, and the Bank remains optimistic with the future prospect of online banking by staying with government regulations
Strategi pengembangan sekolah menegah kejuruan cikra 1 jakarta timur
Get PDFEducation is very important for the progress of a nation in this case, the school is a place for young people to get education, so that they can compete in the world of work. Educational institutions, especially formal education, compete to be the best in terms of the quantity and quality of graduates, students, and education personnel. The school gets an excellent or "A" accreditation, because it is measured by the quality of schools in providing public sector services and very good assessment of the eight standards of accreditation instruments. Currently CIKRA 1 Vocational School (SMK) has an "B" accreditation value. Therefore, in this study, CIKRA 1 Vocational High School can prepare the right strategy in improving school accreditation in the coming years. The study used descriptive analysis with qualitative and quantitative methods through Forum Group Discussion (FGD), direct interviews with questionnaires to five experts and direct observation in the chosen field. From the accreditation standard data, there were strategic factors in the development of SMK CIKRA 1 Jakarta schools based on in-depth interviews with internal parties (coming from SMK CIKRA 1 Jakarta and external parties (School Supervisors).
The results of the questionnaires and interviews were then considered by experts to analyze internal and external factors which are then analyzed using the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix and IE Matrix (Internal / External) for analysis of school conditions, as well as SWOT analysis (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) to determine choice of strategy and followed by Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) to determine strategy priorities. From the IFE Matrix analysis, the total value of internal critical factors is 2.4028 and from the EFE Matrix, the total value of the external factor is 2.3600. This shows that the school strategy has been well planned to meet the opportunities and defend itself from external environmental threats and shows CIKRA 1 Vocational School is not weak against its competitors. After the IFE / EFE Matrix analysis, the current position of CIKRA 1 Jakarta Vocational High School with IE Matrix is determined. This matrix shows the position of CIKRA 1 Vocational School based on the results of IFE and EFE analysis so that CIKRA 1 Vocational School is in cell V (Stability) average position, which is neither strong nor weak internally or externally. This stage is in the hold and maintain position, which means that CIKRA 1 Vocational School requires a strategy to maintain and maintain its position. The strategy that can be applied by CIKRA 1 SMK is the strategy of market penetration and product development. Based on the results of the IE analysis, a SWOT Matrix was made which contained an analysis of strength and opportunity strategy (SO), analysis of strategy weaknesses and opportunities (WO), strength and threat strategy analysis (ST) and strategy analysis of weaknesses and threats (WT). SO Strategy: Conduct promotional activities and tuition fees that can be paid in installments. WO Strategy: (1) Conducting student and teacher self-development activities, (2) Optimizing the 2013 curriculum implementation. ST Strategy: Providing Compensation comparable to other schools. WT Strategy: Improving school facilities and infrastructure.
QSPM analysis produces five alternative strategies in the development of CIKRA 1 Jakarta Vocational High School, namely Strategy I, conducting promotional activities and education costs that can be paid in installments; Strategy II, conducting student and teacher self-development activities; Strategy III, optimizing the implementation of the 2013 curriculum; Strategy IV, improving school facilities and infrastructure; Strategy V, provides compensation comparable to other schools. Furthermore, from the five strategies determined the relative attractiveness of the experts to show the main strategy and obtained Priority 1 is to conduct promotional activities and education costs that can be paid in installments with a TAS value = 5.31; Priority II is optimizing the implementation of the 2013 curriculum TAS = 5.26; Priority III is to improve school facilities and infrastructure with a TAS value = 5.19; Priority IV is to provide compensation comparable to other schools with a TAS = 5.10; Priority V is to conduct self-development activities for students and teachers with TAS = 5.08.
Managerial implications that can be done by CIKRA 1 Vocational School to improve school accreditation based on QSP matrix analysis with the First Strategy, are to conduct promotional activities and education costs that can be paid in installments. CIKRA 1 Vocational School can apply financing that can be paid in installments and is relatively affordable for middle to lower class people. There is only a slight increase in the cost of school uniform clothes. The second strategy is to optimize the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, teachers can implement the 2013 curriculum properly. The third strategy is to improve school facilities and infrastructure. This strategy can be implied by managing school operational assistance funds appropriately every year. The fourth strategy is to provide compensation that is comparable to other schools. Teacher's hourly salary is comparable to other schools in Jakarta and social security such as health facilities, as well as holiday allowances for teachers and employees as applied to other schools. The fifth strategy is to conduct self-development activities for students and teachers. This strategy can be applied by carrying out an activity to train students both in skills, attitudes, mental, critical thinking in accordance with the demands of the 2013 curriculum
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesehatan bank (studi pada bank go public di indonesia periode 2010-2016)
Get PDFThis research aimed to 1) analyze the development and soundness level of banks using RGEC method to banking companies registered in ISE during the period 2010-2016, 2) test and analyze the effect of the LTV regulation on RGEC to banks registered in the ISE during the period 2010-2016. This research was aimed to 20 banks registered in ISE and conducted in August-December 2017. The secondary data, which is used to complement the writing of this research, came from the financial statements of period 2010-2016. The documents required for this research were the financial statements of commercial banks for the period 2010-2016 accessed through www.idx.co.id and the websites of each of these commercial banks. The findings of this study indicate that the health development of 23 banks in 2010 to 2014 was in a healthy condition, but in 2015 and 2016 there was a decline to an unhealthy condition. Of the total sample of 23 banks, the average bank is in a healthy condition which reflects that the bank is ready to face significant negative influences from internal and external factors of the bank. Based on the results of binary logistic regression testing, NPL, LDR, GCG, ROA, NIM, CAR, LTV1, and LTV2 had a significant influence of 47.4% on the health of 23 banks in the period 2010-2016. Based on the partial test results, the NPL variable has a significant negative effect, GCG has a significant negative effect, ROA has a positive effect and LTV2 has a significant negative effect on the health of the bank
Pengaruh bauran pemasaran terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan loyalitas pelanggan (studi kasus pt pupuk sriwidjaja)
Get PDFOne of the agricultural sectors affecting the country’s income is Agribusiness. Agribusiness is defined as the overall production and distribution activities of farming production facilities including farming production activities, storage activities, processing, and distribution of agricultural commodities (Sudana 2005). The development of the agribusiness sector toward Indonesia’s economic growth is inseparable from supporting industries that support the advancement of the agricultural sector. One of the supporting industries comes from the agribusiness sub-sector, namely fertilizer industry. Initially, Indonesia established a fertilizer company named Pupuk Sriwidjaja (PUSRI).
PT Pusri started getting new competitors from China in 2000. The import of fertilizer has been increasing very rapidly since 2010 until now. The high activity of importing fertilizers originating from China turned out to impact on decreasing sales of PT Pusri. However, there were some national fertilizer companies that can survive on Chinese imported fertilizer. It could be seen from the sales of PT Petro Kimia and PT Pupuk Kaltim in which they did not experience any decrease. In such s tight competitive conditions, finding new customers requires greater cost and time rather than maintaining the existing customers. The company costs are five times more on acquiring new customers rather than maintaining the existing ones (Kotler and Keller 2012;). One of switching barriers that can be carried out to retain customers is by forming or growing customer loyalty. The company needs to focus on what factors influencing customer loyalty and how to improve factors affecting the loyalty. During its formation, loyalty is influenced by customer satisfaction which is also influenced by the marketing mix. Dimensions of the marketing mix affect loyalty through customer satisfaction indirectly.
This research was conducted in the area of South Sumatera. The selection was conducted deliberately because South Sumatera was the biggest market of PT Pusri. This research was conducted in January-February 2018. The sampling technique of this research was based on non-probability sampling method involving convenience sampling technique. According to Sumarwan et al. (2015), non-probability sampling means that opportunity is not required in the sample determination (example) so that the obtained data is only valid for the people becoming the research respondents.
Based on the analysis results of the factors influencing PT Pusri’s fertilizer purchasing decisions, conclusion can be drawn to answer the objectives of the research. The level of consumer satisfaction of PT Pusri fertilizer was in the ‘satisfied’ category at 67.8 percent value. Meanwhile, the level of consumer loyalty of PT Pusri fertilizer was in the ‘loyal’ level at 64.51 percent value. The factors of the marketing mix that significantly influence the consumer satisfaction of PT Pusri fertilizer are Product and Price. Place and Promotion factors did not has significantly influence customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, consumer satisfaction had a significant influence in the formation of customer loyalty.
Based on the evaluation results of the IPA diagram, the order of priority level of improvements that should be carried out by PT Pusri are (1) Competitive Price, (2) Performance, (3) Appropriate Price to the Quality, (4) Affordable Price, (5) Feature, (6) Reliability, and (7) Durability. The main priority indicator is the competitive price. The way to improve the performance is by reducing the performance of Feature, Reliability, and Durability indicators. The manajerial implication that can be implemented in product elemen is Quality Aesthetics strategic. The price element can be implemented was making a new factory which can replace three old factory. The indicator that should be maintained was Performance. PT Pusri should maintain the quality of fertilizer because the quality of PT Pusri’s fertilizer has now been recognized by the farmers. Another strategy that can be applied is monitoring the indicators of Appropriate Price to the Quality and Affordable Price
Analisis motivasi dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja dan kenaikan jabatan fungsional dosen pns kopertis wilayah XII
Get PDFThe lecturer performance is periodically assessed by higher education institutions through collecting credit points. The amount of credit points collected will determine improvement of carrier path as lecturer. Each activity in teaching, research, community services, or supporting activities provide certain scale of credit points. Ideally, the lecturers can reach higher carrier regularly as long as they are active and recognized in the teaching, research, and community services activities. However, in reality the carrier path of PNS lecturers have still faced some obstacles, which showed by the data indicated that the period between carrier path shifting took some times, and tend to be judged as “too long”.
This study aims (1) to analyze and determine the effect of motivation and competency towards the functional carrier position of PNS lecturers and performance in Kopertis Region XII, (2) to formulate a strategy in order to accelerate functional academic carrier position of PNS lecturers in Kopertis Region XII. This study used a descriptive approach with quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary and secondary data obtained from the survey results of questionnaires, by using google forms and in-depth interviews with respondents and internal sources of Kopertis Region XII, and literature review.
The sampling technique of the research was conducted by purposive sampling for 64 respondents of PNS lecturers and leadership elements of Kopertis Region XII and Private Higher Education Institution leaders. Data processing and analysis techniques using descriptive analysis, regression analysis with the tool of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software and qualitative SWOT analysis.
Based on the results of the study, there are differences in the level of motivation and competence PNS lecturers based on the characteristics of age and recent education. Motivation and competence simultaneously affect performance; partially motivation, and competence gave a positive and significant influence towards performance; partially the performance gave a positive and significant influence towards functional position of the lecturer. Competence has the most significant influence on performance.
The policy strategy for promotion of functional academic positions of Kopertis XII PNS lecturers could be done by optimizing and intensifying the tasks and functions of WASDALBIN from Kopertis Region XII to increase the capacity of human resources and private higher education institutions, build internal information systems to monitor the performance of lecturers' higher education, and develop collaborative networks in research, publication and community service activities
Model tata kelola perusahaan berbasis kapital intelektual perbankan syariah
Get PDFIn line with the rapid growth and development of Islamic banking, the risks faced by sharia banks are also increasing. Therefore, sharia banks must be managed and runned very carefully by management who not only have to be professional, but also have high integrity. The corporate governance system becomes very important for sharia banking and requires special arrangements. Without effective corporate governance, sharia banks will find it difficult to strengthen positions, expand networks, and show better performance. Thus, it is a must for sharia banking industry to use all measures related to the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG).
It has long been known that good corporate governance has a positive influence on company performance. Well-managed companies become more credible, it has a good image and get lower interest than companies whose governance is worse. Sharia banks will be difficult to compete with local and regional banks that are constantly changing without having a good corporate governance system. The rapid growth and increasing presence of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI’s) globally raises the idea of how the implementation of corporate governance in IFI’s has different characteristics with the system and model of corporate governance with conventional financial institutions.
Competition in the Islamic banking industry in the knowledge-based economy era is getting tighter. In conditions of very tight and dynamic competition, in addition to implementing good governance, banks must also have the competence to manage intangible assets, namely intellectual capital they have. The banking industry must be able to overcome changes and take optimum advantage of intangible sources to improve competitive performance and profits.
This study aims to: (1) Analyze the characteristics and formulate Islamic banking typologies based on the implementation of corporate governance and intellectual capital of Islamic banking in Indonesia today; (2) Analyze problematic situations and formulate proposals to improve the implementation of corporate governance and the conditions of intellectual capital of sharia banking in Indonesia today, and (3) Design a model for strengthening intellectual capital-based corporate governance in accordance with the characteristics of Islamic banking in Indonesia.
This study uses two stages of analysis. The first phase analysis aims to look at the characteristics of the implementation of corporate governance and the condition of intellectual capital as well as to create a typology of sharia commercial banks (SCB) in Indonesia based on the implementation of governance and intellectual capital conditions. The first phase analysis uses multiple regression analysis to see the effect of GCG implementation and intellectual capital conditions on the performance of Sharia Commercial Banks. The second stage analysis is situational analysis, to find out the current problematic situation of the implementation of sharia banking governance. Situational analysis uses descriptive data analysis derived from questionnaire answers, open questions and in-depth interviews. The analytical tool used in modeling is soft system methodology (SSM) which includes rich picture, root definition and purposeful activity model (PAM).
The results of regression analysis show that Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia have three characteristics related to the implementation of corporate governance and conditions of intellectual capital: (1) The condition of intellectual capital of Sharia Commercial Banks has a significant influence on SCB performance; (2) The implementation of corporate governance does not have a significant influence on the performance of SCB, and (3) Simultaneously governance and intellectual capital have a significant influence on the performance of Sharia Commercial Banks.
Furthermore, based on Anthony Giddens's structuration approach regarding the existence of a duality relationship between agency and structure, this study builds the typology of sharia commercial banks based on the application of corporate governance. The typology built is called iB-ASQ ™ (Islamic Bank-Agency Structure Quadrant). The typology divides the type of governance implementation into four quadrants: (1) Quadrant I which is [agency high; structure high]; (2) Quadrant II, namely [agency low; structure high]; (3) Quadrant III, namely [agency high; structure low], and (4) Quadrant III, namely [agency low; structure low].
Situational analysis of the problems of the implementation of corporate governance and the conditions of intellectual capital of Islamic banking in Indonesia provides five important features including: (1) Sharia banking needs to develop sharia governance framework model (SGF-Model) that is in accordance with the situation and conditions of the sharia banking industry in Indonesia; (2) Sharia banking needs to optimize intellectual capital in the sharia banking industry; (3) Sharia banking needs to strengthen the main duties and functions of the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) so that it can carry out a strategic role in the corporate governance system; (4) Sharia banking must increase the activity of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and (5) Moral and ethical principles are absolutely used as a precondition for the implementation of iB-SGF™
Based on the conceptualization of the idea to strengthen the implementation of a more comprehensive corporate governance, the sharia governance framework model was built to be called the iB-GF™ Model (iB-Governance Framework Model). The initial focus of developing the iB-GF™ model is the development of personal governance (PG) into good personal governance (GPG) which is used as a basis for creating good corporate governance (GCG). The main idea of the development concept of the iB-GF™ model is to introduce elements of intellectual capital (IC) which function as binding factors in the operations of corporate governance
Pengaruh variabel makroekonomi terhadap nilai penyaluran transaksi ekspor dan impor dengan metode pembayaran letter of credit
Get PDFPerformance of export import can be affected by the national macroeconomic conditions of a country, such as the exchange rate. Based on theory of Marshall Lerner delivered by Caves et al. (2000) by saying that devaluation will have an impact on the trade balance. The devaluation leads to a decrease in the value of imports and has the opposite effect of increasing the value of exports transaction. Banks as financial institutions facilitate international trade activities through several products based on trade finance. The products are Letter of Credit (LC) and Non LC, known as Documentary Collection. The basic difference both products is the role of the bank as a guarantor of payment on international trade activities. In LC products, banks play a role in providing payment guarantee. Meanwhile for Documentary Collection products, banks only provide services in facilitating the delivery and collecting the documents without providing assurance payment on import export transactions that occurred. Based on these differences, LC products are relatively capable of bridging the needs of exporters and importers in guaranteeing payment in international trade activities. Letter of Credit (LC) is one of the payment mechanisms required by exporters (Ball et al. 2014). Bank X is one of the top 10 banks with the largest assets in Indonesia. Bank X is also one of the foreign exchange banks that provide LC product services. Based on the LC Registration Data Data of National Commercial Bank released by the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) as of September 2016 shows Bank X has a dominating share of 17.7%. Mundlak et al. (1989) saying that differences of business sectoral in trade activities will have different effects on changing economic conditions of a country such as exchange rate changes. In the research, the economic activity into two sectors is distinguished, that is agriculture and non agriculture. The agricultural sector is considered more tradable compared to the non-agricultural sector, thus causing the agricultural sector to be more sensitive to exchange rate changes. In theory, import export activity will be influenced by changes in macroeconomic variables. Realization of LC transactions based on the existence of import export transactions that expected to be indirectly influenced by changes in macroeconomic variables such as exchange rates, inflation and interest rates. Agricultural-based commodities have an important role in the national trade balance.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, inflation and BI Rate on the distribution of LC value in Bank X, to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables on the types of commodities traded in agriculture and non-agriculture, and advise some recommendations alternative policy in marketing LC, especially in Bank X. This research using Error Correction Model (ECM)’s analysis to know long-term relationship of the effects of economic variables with the volume of realization LC in Bank X. Macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, inflation rate and BI rate have long-term relationship with the volume of realization LC in Bank X. In long term, exchange rate, inflation and BI rate variables significantly influence export value of LC but if export transactions are classified based on commodities, the results of ECM analysis show that only exchange rate variables and BI Rate have significant effect on LC value of agricultural exports while in non-agricultural export LC variables that effect in line with export LC value. LC imports value in long term are significantly influenced by inflation variables and BI rate while the exchange rate variable is not significant. It had same effects for LC values of non-agricultural imports, whereas in LC agricultural imports only BI rate has a significant effect. Among the three macroeconomic variables used in this study, the results of the analysis show that the BI rate variables proved to be significant and show a negative influence for all research models. This is related to the cost of fund incurred for financing export and import LC in Bank X. Based on the results of this study, the tendency of increasing the exchange rate can be utilized by Bank X to focus on the export side in order to increase the achievement of the target revenue from trade finance business. In addition, Bank X is advised to establish competitive pricing in providing financing for LC transactions in both export and import sides to increase the LC value realization in Bank X