International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies (IJFUS)
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Regulatory Principles for Ilhāq (affiliation) with the Maqāsid al-Shariah: An Analytical Study
No full textيُعد الإلحاق في الفكر الأصولي نظرية متكاملة تنطلق مِن الدليل الكلي مرورًا بالاستقراء الجزئي، وحيث تَعتمد المقاصد الشرعية على الاستقراء الكلي؛ كان لنظرية الإلحاق دور كبير في استجلاء كُنهها في مجال التنزيل بَعد التأصيل. ودراستنا هذه تنبع أهميتها مِن وقوفها على ضوابط الإلحاق وعلاقته بالمقاصد الشرعية. إشكالية البحث: يُعد الاستدلال الناقص مِن أخطر مزالق تنزيل الأحكام عند بعض مدعي الأصالة والمحافظة على الشريعة اليوم، والحقيقة هم أخطر مِن الظاهرية الجُدد؛ أقصد متمسكي حرفية النصوص؛ لأنّ الظاهرية القديمة- ظاهرية المذهب الظاهري ورافع لوائها الإمام ابن حزم-كانت مقصدًا متعمدًا- للمحافظة على الأثر وعدم تجاوزه - رغم نفور الجمهور من منهجه! لذا كان الإلحاق بالمقاصد ردًا علميًا على أصحاب الحرفية والنظرة التجزيئية للنصوص الشرعية بعيدًا عن أهدافها، وحكمها، ومقاصدها، وغاياتها. من هنا كانت الدراسة ترجمة منهجية لمعالجة تلك الإشكالية اليوم. منهج البحث: يعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي؛ مِن خلال وصف الوقائع وتكييفها في إطار المقاصد، والمنهج الاستقرائي (الجزئي) والتحليلي؛ وذلك باستقراء الأدلة الشرعية، وتحليلها وصولًا إلى تكاملٍ علمي يجمع بين الإلحاق والاستقراء تأصيلًا وتنزيلًا. وأبرز ما توصل إليه البحث: أولًا: أنّ الإلحاق بالمقاصد الشرعية مستوى رفيع من مستويات تشغيل المقاصد في الوقائع والأحوال. ثانياً: الإلحاق المقاصدي يعني: استحضار المجتهد للمقاصد واعتبارها في كل ما يقدره أو يفسره، ليس في مجال الشريعة وحدها، بل في كل المجالات العلمية والعملية في إطار أخلاقي يوفق بين النص والواقع. ثالثاً: أن الإلحاق بالمقاصد له خصائصه المميزة؛ وهي الظهور، والثبوت، والانضباط، والاطراد. رابعاً: أنّ الإلحاق بالمقاصد له ضوابطه وقواعده الحاكمة التي تؤطِّره وتصونه من دواعي التسيُّب والانفلات مِن سلطان النص الشرعي فهمًا وتنزيلًا؛ بالتحقق من وجود المقصد وانضباطه، وتحديد مرتبته ومورده ومآله جمعًا بين الجزئي والكلي عبر منظومة العلاقات الدلالية والواقعية التي ترفع المخالفة والتعارض، مع الاطمئنان إلى أن الإلحاق من ذوي الارتياض والاختصاص. وكل ذلك يؤكد سلامة الإلحاق وقوته.Al- Ilḥāq (affiliation) in the field of Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) represents a comprehensive theory that begins with general evidences and proceeds through inductive reasoning based on particulars. Given that the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah) are founded upon comprehensive inductive analysis, the theory of affiliation plays a significant role in elucidating their application following their theoretical establishment. The significance of this study lies in its focus on the principles governing affiliation and its connection to maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. Research Problem: Incomplete reasoning is among the most serious pitfalls in the application of legal rulings by some contemporary claimants to authenticity and preservation of Islamic law. In fact, they may pose a greater risk than the modern-day literalists, by which we mean those who rigidly adhere to the text. Unlike the original Ẓāhirī school—championed by Imām Ibn Ḥazm, which aimed to preserve the transmitted tradition (athar)—modern literalism often neglects the purposes, wisdoms, and overarching aims of the Sharīʿah. Hence, affiliation with maqāṣid provides an academic response to this literalist and fragmentary approach to scriptural texts, offering a holistic framework that aligns textual interpretation with its ethical and purposive dimensions. This study thus serves as a methodological contribution toward addressing this contemporary challenge. Methodology: This research adopts a descriptive approach by outlining the relevant realities and classifying them within the framework of maqāṣid. It also employs (partial) inductive and analytical methods to examine and analyze Sharīʿah evidences, aiming to establish a theoretical and practical synthesis between affiliation and inductive reasoning. The Key Findings of the study are as follow: First, affiliation with the maqāṣid represents an advanced level of operationalizing the objectives of Islamic law in various contexts and cases. Second, maqāṣid-based affiliation entails the jurist’s conscious invocation of the objectives in all interpretive and evaluative efforts—not only within legal contexts, but across scientific and practical domains—within an ethical framework that reconciles text and reality. Third, this form of affiliation is characterized by distinct features: clarity, reliability, discipline, and consistency, and it is governed by regulatory principles that protect it from laxity and detachment from the authority of the Sharīʿah texts. These include verifying the presence of the intended objective, assessing its degree and relevance, and integrating the particulars and general evidences within a semantic and contextual network that prevents contradiction. This framework ensures that the process of affiliation is both valid and robust, particularly when conducted by those with proper training and expertise
Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah-Based Measuring Instruments in the Halal Economy: A Preliminary Review
Get PDFيشهد الاقتصاد الحلال، الذي يشمل قطاعات الأغذية والمشروبات، والتمويل، والسياحة، والصيدلة، ومستحضرات التجميل، نموًا متسارعًا على المستوى العالمي، مما يترك أثرًا بالغًا على اقتصادات عدة، ومنها ماليزيا. ويستند هذا القطاع إلى المعايير الأخلاقية الإسلامية المتأثرة بعمق بإطار مقاصد الشريعة، إلا أنّه لا يزال يفتقر إلى أدوات التقييم الشاملة المبنية على الشريعة لقياس مدى الالتزام بهذه المبادئ. ومع تزايد الطلب العالمي على المنتجات الحلال، تبرز الحاجة إلى تطوير أطر التقييم المتينة التي تسهم في دعم عملية اتخاذ القرار، وحماية المستهلك، ووضع معايير أخلاقية واضحة. وعلى الرغم من أنّ نظرية مقاصد الشريعة تحظى باعتراف واسع في بحوث الحلال، فإن تطبيقها القابل للقياس في النماذج المفاهيمية ما زال محدودًا. ومن شأن سد هذه الفجوة عبر تطوير أدوات القياس المبنية على المقاصد أن يعزّز الامتثال الأخلاقي ويضمن الاستدامة الاقتصادية. ونظرًا لتنامي الاهتمام البحثي والنمو القطاعي في التمويل الإسلامي وأسواق الحلال، تبرز أهمية إجراء مراجعة منهجية للأدبيات القائمة من أجل بلورة مؤشرات مقاصدية لتقييم المنتجات والخدمات والأداء العام للقطاع ضمن الاقتصاد الحلال. وتسعى هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف إطار مقاصد الشريعة بوصفه أداة لقياس الامتثال الأخلاقي والأداء في الاقتصاد الحلال، بما يدعم اتخاذ القرار الرشيد، ويحمي المستهلك، ويعزز الاستدامة. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة مراجعة موضوعية لمعايير مقاصدية مستخدمة في قياس الاقتصاد الحلال من خلال توظيف الأساليب النوعية وتحليل SWOT لاستكشاف الأبعاد المفاهيمية، وذلك بغية تقديم مراجعة أولية شاملة تُوجّه الأبحاث المستقبلية. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أنّ دمج مؤشرات مبنية على مقاصد الشريعة في الاقتصاد الحلال يحمل إمكانات واعدة لتحقيق التوافق الأخلاقي والتوحيد القياسي، غير أنّه يواجه تحديات تتمثل في صعوبة القياس، ومقاومة بعض الأطراف المعنية، والحاجة إلى معايير أكثر وضوحًا وتجانسًا.The halal economy, encompassing sectors like food and beverages, finance, tourism, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, is rapidly growing worldwide, and significantly impacting economies like Malaysia's. But this industry, which follows Islamic ethical standards that are largely influenced by the maqasid al-Shariah framework, lacks comprehensive Shariah-based evaluation tools to measure sectoral adherence to these principles. The growing global demand for halal products highlights the need for robust evaluation frameworks to support decision-making, consumer protection, and ethical benchmarks. Although maqasid al-Shariah theory is well-recognized in halal research, its measurable application in conceptual models remains underdeveloped. Addressing this gap with improved maqasid-based measuring instruments could enhance ethical compliance and economic sustainability. Given the rising research interest and sectoral growth in Islamic finance and halal markets, a systematic review of existing literature is necessary to establish maqasid-based indicators for evaluating products, services, and overall sector performance within the halal economy. The research explores the maqasid al-Shariah-based framework to measure ethical compliance and performance in the halal economy, supporting informed decision-making, consumer protection, and sustainability. This study conducts a thematic review of the maqasid-based criteria for halal economy measurement using qualitative methods and SWOT analysis to explore thematic conceptualisation towards a comprehensive preliminary review for future research directions. This study finds that integrating maqasid al-Shariah-based metrics into the halal economy offers potential relevance for ethical alignment and standardization but faces challenges like abstract measurement, stakeholder resistance, and metric standardization needs
The Theory of Nice Moment (Laḥẓah Laṭīfah) in Islamic Jurisprudence: Analysis, Regulatory Principles and Application
Get PDFاللحظة اللطيفة نظرية فقهية قديمة، تبناها بعض العلماء القدماء من المذهب الشافعي لاستيعاب الأحكام الصارمة أو الغامضة التي كانت باطلة بناءً على مبادئ الشريعة العامة. ومع ذلك، يهتم الباحثون بشأن جدوى وتطبيق أحكام اللحظة اللطيفة لحل بعض القضايا العملية المعاصرة. قضية اللحظة اللطيفة هي إحدى القضايا التي يمكن مناقشتها تحت عنوان "الوقت وأثره على ما يتعلق بالحكم الشرعي." لقد درس الفقهاء آثار الوقت على المبادئ والعديد من أبواب وفروع الفقه، بما في ذلك مناقشة تأثير الوقت على الحكم الشرعي الواسع والضيق، ومن خلال القيام بذلك، يستغل الفقهاء اللحظات اللطيفة لإعادة الأمل في الأحكام غير الودية في التطبيقات. ولذا، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن كيفية تخفيف الالتزام الصارم ببعض الأحكام الإسلامية في المعاملات المالية. تحلل الدراسة أهمية اللحظة اللطيفة في المعاملات المالية الإسلامية الحديثة، وتتناول الأسباب التي قد تدفع إلى تغيير الأحكام الشرعية وتطبيق الجزاء كما تبناه المذهب الشافعي. ولتحقيق هدف البحث، استخدم الباحثون الاستقراء للمنهج النوعي لتوسيع التفسيرات من الدراسة إلى سياقات أوسع مع الحفاظ على التركيز على المعنى والسياق، وقد استخدم هذا المنهج لتتبع التطبيق المحتمل للجزاء في المعاملات المالية الإسلامية المعاصرة. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن تطبيق هذه النظرية في المعاملات المالية الإسلامية المعاصرة يوجب استصحابها بقواعد وضوابط وقيود وأسباب وتوجيهات.Nice moment (Laḥẓah Laṭīfah) is a classical juristic theory, adopted by some classical jurists of Shafi’i school of law to accommodate strict or ambiguous rulings that would have been void based on general Shariah principles. However, researchers are concerned about the usefulness and application of nice moment rulings to resolve some contemporary practical issues. The issue of nice moment is one of the issues that can be discussed under the title “Time and its impact in relation to the legal ruling”. Jurists have studied the effects of time on principles and many chapters and branches of fiqh, including discussion about the impact of time on broad and narrow ḥukm Sharʿī (legal obligation). Some classical jurists of Shafi’i School of law utilized nice moment to restore hope on rulings that are unfriendly in applications. Hence, this study aims to unveil how strict adherence to some Islamic rulings on financial transactions could be lessened. The study analyzes the relevance of nice moment in modern Islamic financial transactions. The study explores the rationale that may prompt the change of legal rulings and application of nice moment as adopted by the Shafi’i School of Law. To achieve the research objective, it employs an extrapolation approach of the qualitative method to extend classical interpretations to broader contexts while maintaining the focus and objective of the contextual rule. This method was used to trace potential applications of nice moment to contemporary Islamic financial transactions. The study concluded that the adoption of nice moment in modern Islamic financial transactions must be accompanied by rules, controls, limitations, reasons, and guidelines
Bay’ al-Istijrār in Letter of Credit in the Light of the Decision of the Central Bank of Malaysia: An Applied Analytical Study: بيع الاستجرار في الاعتماد المستندي في ضوء قرار البنك المركزي الماليزي: دراسة تحليلية تطبيقية
No full textThis research aims to study the application of Bay' al-Istijrār in contemporary transactions, particularly in the context of the letter of credit. With the widespread use of contemporary banking transactions adopting various forms of Bay' al-Istijrār, it becomes crucial to examine these forms to ensure their compliance with the pillars and conditions of permissible transactions. Despite the Central Bank of Malaysia's decision to implement Bay' al-Istijrār in the letter of credit, a comprehensive study focusing on this application and its alignment with the pillars and conditions of Bay' al-Istijrār by jurists was not found by the researchers. To address this gap, the researchers employed both the inductive and analytical approaches. The research yielded significant findings, including that the Bay' al-Istijrār has different forms, some of which are permissible, and some others are forbidden; and the letter of credit based on the sale of rent, as stated by some jurists, is permissible
Concession and Following the Truth in the Fatwā of ʿAllāmah al-Qaraḍāwī: A Juristic Uṣūlī Study Compared to the Opinions of Other Scholars: الترخص واتباع الحق في فتوى العلامة القرضاوي: دراسة فقهية أصولية مقارنة بآراء علماء آخرين
No full textThis research aimed to explain the way of concession (tarakhkhuṣ) in uṣūlī ijtihād, and the extent of its conformity with the facilitation approach for which the scholar of the present era and jurist of the time, Imam al-Qaraḍāwī, is famous. The study dealt with explaining the legal foundations of the way of concession, its definition, ruling, regulations, and then explaining the facilitation approach according to Shaykh al-Qaraḍāwī, and mentioned a number of his fatāwā and the fatāwā of some of his contemporaries regarding this, then studied and analyzed them. The study attempted to answer the problem of expanding the way of facilitation and concession in fatāwā of Imam al-Qaraḍāwī, and whether it is consistent with the correct uṣūlī approach that is based on the legal text and the evidence of ijtihād approved by the scholars, who were the imams of Islamic jurisprudence and uṣūl. Then, is this facilitative approach a method that distinguished al-Qaraḍāwī from other muftīs of his time? Or did others agree with him, and did they follow the same approach in their answers and fatāwā? The study followed the analytical and comparative approaches and concluded that the approach of facilitation in fatwā is the authentic approach of Sharīʽah, followed by the Companions - may God be pleased with them - and the imams of jurists and uṣūlī scholars who came after them, in accordance with the legal regulations that they stipulated in their books and writings. Imam al-Qaraḍāwī followed this correct approach, and others followed him in the same way, and we see this clearly when we follow their statements and fatāwā even if they did not declare support for this approach, but rather they increased their slander against those who followed and supported it. This is the essence of the dispute between them and al-Qaraḍāwī, as he declared this and compiled books to support it and provide regulations for it. He believed that this is the true approach called for by the Qur’ān and demonstrated by the Sunnah of the Prophet upon him be the best prayers and complete peace
Juridical Approaches in the Opinions of Proponents and Opponents of Marriage of Minors: المقاربات الفقهية في رؤية المجيزين والمانعين في زواج الصغيرات
No full textThe aim of this research is to present the jurisprudential opinions concerning the marriage of minors, both those in favor and those against, to facilitate the understanding of the ruling sought by students of knowledge and others in this matter and to explain the benefits and drawbacks of the marriage of minors. My reason for choosing this topic is the diversity of jurisprudential opinions surrounding the marriage of minors and the desire to clarify the issue of the marriage of minors from a jurisprudential perspective to serve Islamic jurisprudential heritage and address the lack of knowledge among some Muslims regarding such rulings. The importance of this research lies in its role as a jurisprudential Islamic study aimed at understanding the jurisprudential rulings related to the marriage of minors. The research plan is organized into an introduction and two sections. The first section “the marriage of minor girls, its concept and types” is divided into three sub-sections. The first sub-section is on what is meant by the marriage of minor girls. The second sub-section is on the objectives of marriage. The third sub-section is on the types of minors in Islamic jurisprudence. The second section “Jurisprudential approaches to the marriage of minor girls” is also divided into three sub-sections. The first sub-section is on the view of those who permit it, their evidences and benefits of this type of marriage. The second sub-section is on the position of those who oppose it, their evidences and drawbacks of this marriage. The third sub-section is about the preference between the opinion of the majority of scholars and their opponents. The study concluded with a number of results, including: citing evidence from the Qur’ān and Sunnah, the majority of scholars are of the opinion that the marriage of young girls (underage girls) is permissible. Among the benefits of this permissibility is that not specifying an age for marriage sometimes serves the interest (maṣlaḥah). In some cases, early marriage of a boy and a girl who possess somewhat mental and psychological abilities beyond their age has a positive effect that lies in assuming responsibility. According to the view of the opponents, among the legal disadvantages are: the purpose of marriage, of course, is to satisfy one’s desire, and there is no desire for children, and according to the Sharīʽah, procreation and childhood are incompatible with them. Finally, consideration must be given to setting specific goals for this marriage and not generalizing the ruling on it and setting legal regulations for it that estimate the need motivating this marriage
The New Issues of Financial Transactions from the Chapter of Makhārij and Ḥiyal of the Books of Jurists: نوازل المعاملات المالية من باب المخارج والحيل من كتب الفقهاء
No full textNawāzil Fiqhiyyah refer to those cases and events that require a Sharīʽah provision. In this sense, it includes all latest events and cases that require a new fatwā to clarify them from the Sharīʽah perspective regardless of whether these events are frequent or rare, old or new. Therefore, the jurisprudence of nawāzil is considered one of the most important branches of Islamic jurisprudence for its great role in explaining the provisions of Islamic Sharīʽah related to the reality of life in its all fields. The methods followed are the qualitative and analytical methods, as the researchers in this article used books, scientific journals, and official articles, and then analyzed them qualitatively. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: the word “nāzilah” is the synonym of “mustajaddah” (new issues). And that the most classical Sharīʽah jurists used the word “nawāzil” to express the events and calamities that befall people such as famine, epidemics, calamities, drought and scarcity. They mentioned it in the sections (chapters) of questions and answers on issues related to various aspects of the lives of individuals and society (transactions, conflicts and customs). Then they mentioned the answers of the jurists to these questions according to the texts of Sharīʽah and the deduction (ijtihād) of the classical jurists in their interpretation, and the analogy of the later jurists on those deductions. Sometimes the answers may be based on jurisprudential tricks (doctrinal) and legal exits. It is one of the important topics needed by the jurist, the muftī, the researcher, and the judge to research it and to find solutions to it, which are called contemporary issues and jurisprudential events
Sharīʿah Solution for the Forbidden Financial Rights in a Bank after Its Conversion to the Islamic Banking System in Afghanistan: A Juristic Analytical Study: المعالجة الشرعية للحقوق المالية المحرمة للمصرف بعد تحوله إلى النظام المصرفي الإسلامي في أفغانستان: دراسة فقهية تحليلية
No full textThe conversion from the conventional to Islamic banking system refers to the shift from a model that contravenes Sharīʿah principles to one that aligns with these principles. This involves replacing the banking system based on the principle of lending and interest rates with a system based on profit and loss sharing methods. Undoubtedly, this transition was accompanied by numerous challenges in Afghanistan, most notably the handling of the bank's prohibited financial rights resulting from contracts executed before the transition. Therefore, this study is conducted to address the impacts of such contracts and find appropriate solutions for their liquidation according to the inductive and analytical approaches, and field study. The study concluded that it is necessary to dispose illicit revenues accumulated from previously established contracts. If these revenues are in the form of interest, they should either be written off or allocated to beneficial community projects. Meanwhile, prohibited items such as idols, alcohol, and forbidden meats should be destroyed, and their proceeds should be directed towards charitable causes. If the bank owns properties offering forbidden services, they should be converted to provide lawful services. The responsibility for purification lies with the shareholders and depositors before the transformation and with the bank itself afterward. Revenues should be directed towards community benefits and not used for building mosques out of respect for the sanctity of these places. The study also suggested implementing alternatives and frameworks that facilitate debt repayment for the clients while ensuring profitability for the bank in accordance with the Sharīʿah
