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White Paper for Universities on Navigating Artificial Intelligence Innovation Ecosystems in AI for Sustainable Development
Get PDFWith only 17% of SDG targets on track for 2030, AI has emerged as a powerful catalyst for transformative change. Higher education institutions (HEIs), as hubs of innovation and talent development, are uniquely positioned to harness Artificial Intelligence’s (AI) transformative potential for sustainable development. A systematic examination of institutional approaches to AI-SDG integration, drawing from consultations with distinguished experts from the AE4AI network comprised of senior university leaders, and academic researchers from Asia and Europe, revealed distinct patterns of engagement - from established leaders to emerging adopters. This diversity in institutional readiness presents a number of opportunities to address identified challenges and builds a compelling case for universities to take decisive action in leading the AI-SDG transformation. Based on these findings, Five (5) Bold Moves were identified as critical pathways for universities to advance their AI-SDG capabilities and establish leadership
Incorporating bio-based lignin as a sustainable fine aggregate in asphalt mixtures: Comprehensive analysis of long-term performance
Get PDFThe increasing non-renewable resource consumption and environmental concerns require the exploration of alternative bio-based materials to replace the traditional pavement construction materials, such as asphalt binder and aggregates. Aggregates make up approximately 95 % of asphalt mixture by mass; thus, partially replacing them is one of the effective approaches to incorporate bio-based materials such as lignin. In this regard, this study used two sources of hydrolysed lignin as a replacement for 2.5 % fine aggregates, by weight, in asphalt mixtures. Both the control and lignin-modified mixtures were subjected to short-term and long-term ageing. Then, the indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) and indirect tensile asphalt cracking tests (IDEAL-CT) were carried out to evaluate their durability and related mechanical properties. Binders were extracted from long-term aged mixture samples for further chemical and rheological testing using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and low temperature frequency sweep (LFS) tests. Mixture tests showed that lignin incorporation reduced both strength by 4 to 22 % and stiffness by 3 to 24 %, while improving cracking tolerance by 8 to 391 % across all ageing conditions. This reduction can be attributed to lignin's lower density and its ability to absorb lighter binder components. However, binders recovered from the lignin-modified mixtures demonstrated an increased carbonyl index than the recovered control binder. Contrasting trends between mixture and binder results stem from the complex and differing role of lignin; in the mixture, it functions as a component of the mastic phase, whereas its effects observed in the recovered binder are more likely the result of its prior interaction with the binder as part of the overall mixture
Comparative Digital Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) Expression Analysis in Benign and Malignant Prostate Tissue of Men and Dogs
Get PDFBackground: The dog is the only large mammal, other than humans, that commonly develops spontaneous prostate cancer (PCa) and is, therefore, considered a valuable model for comparative studies. Estrogens are critical for normal prostate development and contribute to prostatic carcinogenesis in men. The number of transgender women undergoing male to female transition involving exogenous estrogen treatment and surgical or chemical castration has increased markedly in recent years. Few studies have evaluated estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in benign and malignant canine prostatic tissue, and comparative data between dogs and men are currently lacking. This study analyzed and compared the spatial distribution and level of ERα expression in the benign and malignant prostatic tissue of men and dogs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and assessed the suitability of dogs as a model to further understand the role of ERα in human PCa. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human (n = 146) and canine (n = 61) prostatic tissue specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically for ERα expression using a monoclonal anti-human ERα antibody, previously validated for cross-reactivity with canine tissue. Nuclear staining was digitally quantified with Visiopharm software. Tissue segmentation allowed separate analyses of ERα expression patterns in both epithelial and stromal compartments. Results: ERα expression was present in the stroma of both non-malignant and neoplastic prostatic tissue in men and dogs. Both non-malignant and malignant human glandular epithelium was consistently negative for ERα. In contrast, benign glandular epithelium in sexually intact dogs expressed ERα, showing weak but consistent immunolabeling. Malignant transformation in canine glands was associated with a reduction of ERα expression compared with benign tissue. Similarly, non-secretory glands in premature and atrophic (both castration-induced and age-related) canine prostates exhibited very low levels of ERα expression. Higher stromal ERα expression was observed in premature canine prostatic tissue when compared with mature, confirming the relevance of ERα in prostate development. Conclusions: Malignant glandular epithelium lacked ERα expression in both dogs and men, with a notable shift from epithelial to stromal ERα expression in dogs during neoplastic transformation. Unlike in men, benign canine glands show diffuse ERα expression, whereas premature and atrophic glands display very low ERα levels. The observed differences in ERα expression across prostate tissue types in the dog —premature, normal, atrophic, and tumor—warrant further investigation to provide a clearer understanding of the role of ERα in PCa progression, particularly in castration-resistant cases. Such insights gained from the canine disease model may also help guide screening and management strategies for the growing population of young transgender women undergoing estrogen therapy and orchiectomy
A Phase Current Reconstruction Method With Sampling Error Compensation for Open-End-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System
No full textA simple phase current reconstruction method with sampling error compensation for open-end-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OEW-PMSM) is proposed. Compared with the conventional OEW-PMSM drive system with three current sensors, the number of current sensors is reduced. In the conventional current reconstruction technologies, the reconstructed phase currents use the asymmetric modulation or asymmetric sampling points typically. The sampled current used to reconstruct the phase currents are instantaneous values and sampled at different points can not calculate the actual average current accurately. The error between the reconstructed phase current and real average phase current are introduced. In this article, the characteristic of the phase current is analyzed and a simple phase reconstruction strategy using two sensors is proposed for OEW-PMSM drive. The complex process of shifting phase in modulation is avoided. To obtain the accurate average current, a compensation method by calculating the change rates is proposed. Simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Introduction and Other Protein Targets
Get PDFThe Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2025/26 marks the seventh edition in this series of biennial publications in the British Journal of Pharmacology. Presented in landscape format, the guide provides a comparative overview of the pharmacology of drug target families. The concise nature of the Concise Guide refers to the style of presentation, being clear, accessible, and well-structured, rather than the scope of the content, which spans approximately 500 pages. The Concise Guide summarises the key pharmacological properties of around 1900 human drug targets, and nearly 7000 interactions, involving around 4400 ligands. While the content is a substantially condensed version of the more detailed information and links available at the www.guidetopharmacology.org website, the printed guide serves as a permanent, citable, point-in-time record, that remains stable despite ongoing updates to the online database. The full contents of this publication can be found at https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.70229.The Concise Guides provide expert-curated recommendations of ‘Gold Standard’ selective pharmacological tools, available either commercially or as donations, which enable the identification of individual drug targets or families of drug targets. While the Concise Guide offers a more streamlined overview, more comprehensive information, including detailed pharmacological profiles and links to multiple online databases, is available through the Guide to Pharmacology website. The 2025/26 edition of the Concise Guide is based on material current as of mid-2025, and supersedes all previous editions, including the 2023/24 Guide, and earlier Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), and as such provides official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where applicable.In addition to this general overview, which includes a section on ‘Other protein targets’ that fall outside of the main classifications, the Concise Guide focuses on six key areas: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. Each section includes nomenclature guidance, concise summaries, information of the best available pharmacological tools, key references, and suggestions for further reading
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Transporters
Get PDFThe Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2025/26 marks the seventh edition in this series of biennial publications in the British Journal of Pharmacology. Presented in landscape format, the guide provides a comparative overview of the pharmacology of drug target families. The concise nature of the Concise Guide refers to the style of presentation, being clear, accessible, and well-structured, rather than the scope of the content, which spans approximately 500 pages. The Concise Guide summarises the key pharmacological properties of around 1900 human drug targets, and nearly 7000 interactions, involving around 4400 ligands. While the content is a substantially condensed version of the more detailed information and links available at the www.guidetopharmacology.org website, the printed guide serves as a permanent, citable, point-in-time record, that remains stable despite ongoing updates to the online database. The full contents of this publication can be found at https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.70235.The Concise Guides provide expert-curated recommendations of ‘Gold Standard’ selective pharmacological tools, available either commercially or as donations, which enable the identification of individual drug targets or families of drug targets. While the Concise Guide offers a more streamlined overview, more comprehensive information, including detailed pharmacological profiles and links to multiple online databases, is available through the Guide to Pharmacology website. The 2025/26 edition of the Concise Guide is based on material current as of mid-2025, and supersedes all previous editions, including the 2023/24 Guide, and earlier Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), and as such provides official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where applicable.Transporters are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. Each section includes nomenclature guidance, concise summaries, information of the best available pharmacological tools, key references, and suggestions for further reading
Responsible research and innovation of carbon removal: strategies for field trials
Get PDFDemonstrating methods for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is now a focus of research and development programmes designed to support decision making about future technology deployment. In this perspective piece, we outline some of the approaches to responsible research and innovation (RRI) being put to work in a United Kingdom-based programme organising field trials of various carbon removal methods. Unlike the disruptive technologies that predominate in RRI scholarship, many land-based methods for carbon removal have already been deployed, in some cases over many decades, with governance closely linked with longstanding fields of research and practice. We highlight why responsible innovation frameworks that developed in the context of geoengineering controversies may be only partially-suited to field trials of land-based carbon removal methods. We suggest that field trials of carbon removal methods are not simply evidentiary procedures but also strategic sites within an emerging innovation regime where RRI approaches can be both implemented and critically tested
Researching the researcher: producing emotionally-sensed knowledge in migration research
Get PDFReflexivity has been central to recent debates in migration studies, focusing on how migration scholarship can become more equitable, inclusive, and attuned to the power dynamics inherent in research processes. In this article, we advance these debates by demonstrating the role of emotions as crucial tools for knowledge production. Drawing on feminist qualitative research, we introduce our emotionally-sensed approach to account for the role of emotions across the different, yet inter-related, stages of the research process. More specifically, we operationalise the processes of constructing, generating and producing emotionally-sensed knowledge and illustrate them with examples from our ethnographic research on the impact of Brexit on EU migrants in the UK. The paper makes the case for emotionally-sensed knowledge as part of the reflexive turn in migration studies and provides strategies to more consistently incorporate researchers’ emotions in processes of knowledge production
Pulse oximeter bench tests under different simulated skin tones
Get PDFPulse oximeters’ (POs) varying performance based on skin tones has been highly publicised. Compared to arterial blood gas analysis, POs tend to overestimate oxygen saturation (SpO2) values for people with darker skin (occult hypoxemia). The objective is to develop a test bench for assessing commercial home and hospital-based POs in controlled laboratory conditions. A laboratory simulator was used to mimic different SpO2 values (~ 70 to 100%).Different neutral density and synthetic melanin filters were used to reproduce low signal and varying melanin attenuation levels. Six devices consisting of commercial home (Biolight, N = 13; ChoiceMMed, N = 18; MedLinket, N = 9) and hospital-based (Masimo Radical 7 with Neo L, N = 1; GE B450 Masimo SET with LNCS Neo L, N = 1; Nonin 9550 Onyx II™, N = 1) POs were reviewed and their response documented. Significant variations were observed in the recorded SpO2 values among different POs when exposed to identical simulated signals. Differences were greatest for lower SpO2 (< 80%) where empirical data is limited. All PO responses under low signal and melanin attenuation did not change across various simulated SpO2 values. The bench tests do not provide conclusive evidence that melanin does not affect in vivo SpO2 measurements. Research in the areas of instrument calibration, theory and design needs to be further developed. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.
Disordered gambling, or dependence and consequences: a bifactor exploratory structural equation model analysis of the problem gambling severity index
Get PDFBackgroundThe Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) is a widely used assessment of disordered gambling. However, it has been claimed that instead of measuring a single factor of problem gambling severity, the PGSI measures two correlated factors of behavioral dependence and harms/consequences. The existing literature using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis has notable limitations that mean these accounts cannot be discriminated.MethodSecondary data from 13 nationally representative surveys of gamblers in the UK (n = 42,422) between 2007 and 2023 were used to examine five different approaches to specifying one- and two-factor models of the PGSI.ResultsOverall, the findings supported a single construct account. Fit indices provided slight support for a two-factor model. However, the composition and loadings of these factors did not replicate in the disaggregated datasets and demonstrated poor model-based reliability. The best-fitting model was a bifactor ESEM model with a general gambling severity factor and a group-specific factor subsuming additional covariance between the first three or four items.ConclusionsThis study provides support for a unitary gambling severity construct and the use of total PGSI scores. The second factor observed elsewhere appears to consist of residual covariances between the first 3-4 PGSI items or a methods factor that can be explained by item framing (e.g. items that ask about gambling behavior)
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