Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology
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Comparative Chemical Analysis of the Extractives Constituents in the Bark and Heartwood of Juglans regia L. from North of Iran
Get PDFExhaustive ethanol-toluene of the bark and heartwood of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) afforded pale red colored extractives 10 and 12% yields, respectively. Detailed chemical evaluation of these extracts using GC/MS revealed the major components in the bark and heartwood extractives to be the 3,7-dioxa-2,8- disilanonane,2,2,8,8-tetramethyl (25.17%), while the major heartwood extractives constituent was benzoic acid, 3,4,5-tri(hydroxyl)/Gallic acid (44.57%). The same components of the bark and the heartwood also contained amounts of the gallic acid, 3,7-dioxa-2,8-disilanonane, 2,2,8,8- tetramethyl, and d-glucose,2,3,4,5,6- pentakis-o-(hydroxyl). The most toxic components in the heartwood were juglone (5.15%) and 2,7-dimethylphenanthrene (5.81%)
Effect of Fusarium sp. On Paddy Straw Digestibility and Biogas Production
Get PDFChopped and moist paddy straw was pretreated with Fusarium sp. to enhance its digestibility and biogas production. The potential of microbial pretreatment of paddy straw was investigated at regular interval of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days by determining the change in Chemical composition of paddy straw like cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica contents. The pretreated straw was used for biogas production in 2l capacity biogas digesters. Results indicate that the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica contents decreased by 17.2%, 3.4%, 27.1% & 16.5% respectively. Biogas production also increased by 53.8% in 10 days pretreated samples. The significantly higher reduction of silica along with lignin content in the pretreated straw indicates that removal of silica by Fusarium sp. might be more responsible for increasing paddy straw digestibility and biogas production
Biodeterioration of Polyethylene High Density by Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus terreus
Get PDFThe present article investigates the biodeterioration ability of polyethylene high density by Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus terreus. Shake flask incubation for 30 days was done for the purpose of biodeterioration of polyethylene high density. The observations were recorded for initial and final dry weight of polyethylene high density before and after incubation in the culture medium were compared the percentage of biodeterioration of polyethylene. The strongest ability was observed by Aspergillus terreus with 7.59% biodegradability followed by Aspergillus versicolor with 3.79% of biodegradability. In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus was found to be efficient organism that degraded the polyethylene high density with maximum biodegradability as compared to Aspergillus versicolor
Diversity of Termitomyces in Kodagu and Need for Conservation
Get PDFTermites of the subfamily of Macrotermitinae have established an obligate symbiosis with the basidiomycete Termitomyces on substrate called a fungus garden or fungus comb inside the nest. An extensive exploration carried out during May 2009 to September 2010 at a different geographical location of Kodagu District, Karnataka. Eight different species of Termitomyces namely T. microcarpus, T. indicus, T. clypeatus, T. cylindricus, T. globulus, T. eurhizus, T. heimii and T. mammiformis were identified. The ecological significance of Termites and Termitomyces in Kodagu region of Karnataka and its role as a food for local communities has been discussed. All hotspot diversity of all species well recorded. Some strategy also recommended for conserving one of the rear examples of symbiosis on the earth. This is the first report on the occurrence and diversity of Termitomyces species in the Kodagu region of Karnataka
Serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in Lichen Planus
Get PDFLichen planus is a chronic disease of skin. It causes a characteristic rash that can occur alone or as a feature of other autoimmune disorders and syndromes affecting skin, mouth, nails and genitals. An estimated 1.2% of population suffers from this disease. In this paper, we find the patients of lichen planus, who have not given any drug and they do not have any previous case history and compare IgA level in the age group 20-40 years control and the patients. It is concluded in this paper that IgA level in Lichen planus patients are highly significant p<0.001
Histopathological Study of Subacute Toxic Effects of Chloroacetic Acid on Albino Rats and its Correlation with Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde
Get PDFHuman beings are increasingly being exposed to chloroacetic acid (CAA), a type of halo acetic acid. It would not be an exaggeration to say that almost the whole humankind today is affected by it or its metabolites. The concern over the carcinogenicity of haloacetic acids led the United States Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the allowable concentration of haloacetic acids in drinking water as part of the Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule promulgated in 1998. Keeping this view in mind, the present study on histolopathological evaluation of different types of tissues viz., brain, kidney, liver, spleen and testes of Rattus norvegicus was performed, to find out the subacute toxicity of chloroacetic acid and correlation between CAA administration and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in blood
Degradation of Soil Quality Parameters Due to Coal Mining Operations in Jharia Coalfield, Jharkhand, India
Get PDFCoal mining for an area is an economic activity but may lead to degradation of soil quality. Open-cast coal mining operations involved displacement of a large amount of overburden/rock mass materials to excavate the coal for many purposes. In mining areas, the soils are affected by various coal mining operations i.e. blasting, drilling, storage of overburden dump materials, clearing of land, construction of ancillary facilities and movement of vehicles. Various wastes such as heavy metals, inorganic substances, toxic materials and organic substances are released from different process of coal mining operations. The study was conducted during 2009 in six sampling locations of the Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, Jharkhand state. The study revealed that significant variation in physicochemical parameters of soil due to coal mining operations. The information obtained from this paper helps in knowing about the quality of soil status in Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand state. This paper will focus on the characterization of soil and will discuss the significance of these parameters with an emphasis on N, P, and K
Effect of Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees Leaf Extract Prepared by two Different Methods on Mitosis of Root Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa L.
Get PDFAdhatoda vasica is a well-known plant drug in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. Adhatoda leaves have been used extensively in Ayurvedic Medicine primarily for respiratory disorders. Aqueous leaf extract of A. vasica was used to investigate its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa. 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of leaf extract prepared by two different ways were used in the present study. It was found that leaf extract of A. vasica exhibits mitodepressive activity as well as it induces disorder of chromosome kinetic including formation of sticky chromosome, c-metaphase, metaphasic and anaphasic disorders in Allium cepa root meristem
Standardization and Evaluation of Herbal Drug Formulations
Get PDFHerbal medicine has been utilized in many diseases since ancient times by saints and munis. Herbal medicine has many active constituents for many diseases but the proper knowledge must be necessary for the preparation of herbal formulation otherwise active constituents will be damaged. Considering this fact present article emphasis the herbal formulation preparation. Knowing these facts we can use herbal formulation for most complicated diseases and save humans from the effect of synthetic drug side effect
Light-Trap Catch of the Harmful Insects in Connection with the Ozone Content of the Air
Get PDFThe study deals the efficiency of light trapping of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) and the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) in connection with the ozone content of the air. The collected data of which use was made the Hungarian national light trap network between the years 1997 and 2006. We calculated relative catch values from the number of caught insects. We assigned these to the ozone values, we averaged them, and we depicted the results together with the regression equation though. We established that the light trapping of this species most fruitful when the ozone content of the air is high. As opposed to this, the low ozone values reduce the successfulness of the catching on one moderated only. Our results will be exploitable in the plant protecting and environment conservation researches