Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology
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Testicular and Epididymal Toxicity of Carbaryl in Sprague-Dawley Strain Rats
Get PDFIn the past decade, the use of carbamate has become exceedingly popular as that of the organophosphates. There is a growing concern that the exposure to these compounds is a chronic hazard to man and animals. The present study was conducted to investigate the testicular and epididymal toxicity of carbaryl on rats. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were administered orally with carbaryl dissolved in olive oil at 50 - 150mg doses/Kg body weight/day for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, rats were weighed and killed. Body weights remained unchanged at the end of the treatment. The weights of testis and epididymis decreased significantly after the treatment along with significant reductions in epididymal sperm count, viability and sperm motility. Activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase showed a significant decrease along with the reduction in the serum pituitary LH, FSH and testosterone. Carbaryl significantly decreased the activities of epididymal marker enzymes, phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase. These findings demonstrate the adverse effect of carbaryl on testicular steroidogenesis and epididymal functions contributing to the decline in the sperm counts of rats
Effects of Nanosilver Treatments on Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. 'White Liberty’)
Get PDFCarnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the most cultivated flowers around the world for producing of cut flowers. This paper assessed the efficacy of nanosilver (NS) as an antibactericidal agent in extending the vase life of cut flowers of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Vase solutions were consisting of NS concentrations in 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm included sucrose 6 percent added in all treatments. Results showed that all NS treatments were combined with sugar extended the vase life of carnation flowers significantly compared with control. Observations indicated that NS treatments inhibited the growth of microorganisms in vase solution and considerably extend the vase life of cut flowers of carnation
Some Biological Characteristics of River Yamuna at Agra
Get PDFThe biological characteristics of the River Yamuna at Agra were studied in terms of Planktons. It was found that Yamuna waters have a distribution of planktons; phytoplanktonic forms (microflora) and zooplanktonic forms (microfauna), bottom and marginal fauna and fish fauna at different sampling stations. The microflora and microfauna have been described here. It was found that mostly the microflora is represented by the members of three main families of algae viz. Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae in the Yamuna River waters at different sampling stations. The microfauna is represented by the planktonic forms of Protozoa, Rotifera and Crustaceans
Neural Differentiation and Developmental Effects of Honey Bee Venom on PC12 Cells: A Comparison to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
Get PDFThe rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12 that in in-vitro condition under inductive factors differentiate and convert into neuron-like cells. Researches have shown that different factors, for example, NGF and bee venom or its components have different effects on proliferation, survival and differentiation of the cells. In this study the PC12 cells were seeded in the culture medium (RPMI-1640) at 5µ103 cell ∕well in poly-D-lysine (0.05mg∕ml) coated 24- well culture plates, allowed to grow for 24hrs, and PC12 cells were treated with NGF for 10 days and were surveyed morphologically in the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days and used various concentrations of honey bee venom for cellular differentiation analysis that the optimum concentrations were 1μg/ml and 3μg/ml, and using NGF with the concentration of 50ng/ml and the venom with the concentrations of 1μg/ml and 3μg/ml simultaneously. The viability of PC12 cells was analyzed by using MTT assay, and cell differentiation were surveyed AChE activity assay and morphologically
Studies of Selected Water Quality Parameters of River Ganges at Patna, Bihar
Get PDFThe study was carried out for a period of only two seasons (Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon) in a year. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Total Solids (TS), Hardness, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) & Most Probable Number (MPN) were evaluated at selected sites of River Ganga. The river is subjected to severe domestic and sewage pollution at two selected sites of Patna. At sampling site, I and II physicochemical parameters were not found to be within the safe limits of drinking water as World Health Organization WHO (1984). But at sampling site II chloride were found within the safe limits. At sites, I & II water sample was not found good quality showing that the River Ganga has moderately polluted. The present studies indicate that increase water pollution levels in the River Ganga present near urban environment due to discharge of various types of wastewater/ sewage/ effluents
Effects of Neonatal Stress on Ovarian Follicular Reserve and Initial Follicular Waves in Rats
Get PDFThe study tested the hypothesis that stress experienced during neonatal life alters follicular reserve and onset of initial follicular waves. Rat pups immediately after their birth (postnatal day 1) were randomly segregated into three groups and the first group pups were autopsied on postnatal day 1, second group served as controls and those in third group were exposed to a stressor (maternal separation 6 hours/ day) from postnatal day 1 to 3. Five pups in control and stress group were autopsied on postnatal day 4, 6 and 8. There was a significant increase in blood corticosterone level in stressed rats on postnatal day 4. Neonatal stress did not delay the timing of folliculogenesis and onset of initial follicular waves. However, mean number of oocytes, primordial and primary follicles on postnatal day 4, 6 and 8 was significantly lower in stressed rats compared to controls. Reduction in follicular number was due to increased rate of atresia which was assessed by TUNEL and caspase-3 assay. The results, for the first time, reveal that neonatal stress has dire consequence as it reduces the number of oocytes and primordial follicles (follicular reserve) which might curtail the reproductive lifespan of neonatally stressed rats
Effect on Physicochemical Characters and Bioactivity of Argemone mexicana in Different Plant Extraction Methods
Get PDFA study was conducted to find out the variation in physicochemical characters and bioactivity in plant extract prepared by two different methods, in order to decide a preferential method. Methanolic extract of Argemone mexicana plant extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method and reflux method. Bioactivity of plant extract was ascertained by a brine shrimp lethality test. The percentage yield of methanolic extract was 18% and 42% in soxhlet and reflux extraction methods respectively. In the first method, extract was greenish brown and sticky, but blackish and nonsticky in later method. Soxhlet method showed solubility in ethanol, chloroform, methanol and acetone whereas the reflux method extract did not show solubility in methanol. In both the method, plant extract was positive for alkaloids and saponins tested with standard methods. Nauplii of brine shrimp were hatched in artificial seawater with routine technique and collected in a test tube. The methanolic extract at concentrations of 250, 500 and 750µg/ml was tested on quantified numbers of larvae, in comparison to negative and positive control to test bioactivity. Mortalities were noted after 24 hrs post treatment and calculated as LC50. The LC50 was lower (118.23µg/ml) in Soxhlet extraction method, as compared to the reflux method (192.69µg/ml). The above results indicated that soxhlet extraction is superior to the reflux method to obtain better bioactivity
Temperature – Dependent Toxicokinetics of Copper and Lead in Notonecta glauca L. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Under Laboratory Condition
Get PDFTemperature is a critical factor due to its effect on both physiology of the organism and the environmental chemistry of the metals. The present study focuses on the toxicity and the bioaccumulation kinetics of Cu and Pb in Notonecta glauca exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system at different temperatures. The result showed that the accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases with increase in temperature and duration of exposure while there was a decrease in LC50 value of Pb and Cu. The calculated uptake factor of lead at different temperatures showed that it has a higher uptake potential than copper
Ex-situ Studies of Captive Breeding of Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) in Tripura
Get PDFBroodstock (37 males and 83 females) of Ompok bimaculatus was sampled from Rivers Feni, Muhuri, Gomoti and also from Hurijala wetland of Tripura during November 2008 to February 2010. During sampling of fish species, water samples from different locations were also sampled in order to know the water quality characteristics of the habitat. The broodstock was provided specific live feed and water quality during acclimatization. The maturity cycle of the species was examined with gonad during the monsoon period. During breeding season the gravid females and males were identified with some specific phenotypic characteristics. Induced spawning was done under some particular aquaculture conditions only
Comparison of Some Nutrient Content of Sport Lawn under the Influence of Fertilizer and Seasons
Get PDFQuantity, characteristics and composition of organic matter widely vary by changing seasons and geographical conditions. On the other hand when soil conditioning due to poor drainage limits then decomposition of organic matter by soil microorganisms highly reduces. Soil and plant testing is one of the best management methods in measuring these changes. In this study, the effect of seven types of organic fertilizer including Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and manure (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer) at three levels of compaction including roller weighted at 36, 56 and 76 kilograms on some nutrient content of sport lawn were investigated in different seasons. An experiment was conducted as a strip plot design in three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-9. With the comparison of the total mean of leaf nitrogen and potassium in different seasons, the highest and the lowest absorption rate of these elements was observed in the fall and summer respectively. Moreover, statistical analysis indicated higher concentration of phosphorus in spring and summer than fall and winter