6826 research outputs found
Sort by
Rezension von Un Beethoven ibérico. Dos siglos de transferencia cultural von Teresa Cascudo García-Villaraco (Hrsg.). Comares: Albolote, 2021.
Get PDFAssociations between daily movement behaviors, sleep, and affect in older adults: An ecological momentary assessment study
No full textDaily movement-based behaviors and sleep are associated with daily mental health outcomes. However, the associations in older adults remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the same-day association between sleep (duration and quality), physical activity (stepping) and sedentary behaviors (sitting and lying), and affect (positive and negative affect) among older adults using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
The data collection period was 14 consecutive days. Sleep logs collected sleep duration, while smartphone surveys collected sleep quality and momentary affects. The ActivPAL4 accelerometers computed daily sedentary and physical activity (PA) times. Affects were regressed on the sleep and movement-based behaviors using two separate mixed-effects models, controlling for demographics.
Ninety older adults were included in the analysis: female (n = 56, 62%), white (n = 71, 79%) age (M = 68.16 yrs, SD = 6.47), sedentary time (M = 10.13 hrs/day, SD = 2.00), PA time (M = 1.60 hrs/day, SD = 0.65), sleep duration (M = 8.25 hrs/day, SD = 1.39), and sleep quality (M = 6.92/day, SD = 1.39). More sedentary, PA time, and better sleep quality than usual on a given day were associated with both lower negative affect (bs range = -0.18 – -0.02, ps range = .001 – .025) and higher positive affect (bs range = 0.05 – 0.14, p < .001). The longer sleep duration than usual on a given day was associated with lower negative affect (b = -0.06, p < .001). Participants with overall higher sleep quality than others experienced lower negative affect (b = -0.33, p = .025) and higher positive affect (b = 0.40, p < .001) across the study period.
Our findings indicated that spending more time in any movements beyond the daily routine and better sleep quality may benefit older adults’ psychological well-being by enhancing positive affect and reducing negative affect
Talent inclusion: An imperfect solution to genetic testing in sport - Response to commentaries
No full textWe are extremely grateful our esteemed colleagues Craig Pickering, Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, and Kevin Till have read and offered insightful reflections on the target article “Talent inclusion and genetic testing in sport: A practitioner’s guide”. We take the opportunity in the present article to respond to the three commentaries provided by these authors. In our target article, we highlighted at this moment in time, there is unequivocal disapproval in the scientific community with regards to the implementation of genetic testing in sport. Despite an insufficient evidence base, however, various stakeholders (e.g., athletes, support staff) have used, and will likely continue using, genetic tests. We offered potential explanations regarding the allure of genetic information to sports stakeholders before suggesting some imperfect solutions in terms of increasing genetic literacy, promoting talent inclusion, and following a minimum set of best practice guidelines
Comparison of local muscle oxygenation and whole-body VO2 during incremental exercise
No full textThe use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in sports science has become increasingly important in the past few years (Perrey et al., 2024). One application is to determine thresholds from different NIRS parameters like oxygenated (O2Hb) or deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin to distinguish between hard and severe-intensity exercise (Caen et al., 2018). Such applications are frequently validated by comparison to established threshold determination concepts. However, it is not yet known which of the two parameters is more closely related to classical concepts. Therefore, the aim of this project was do analyze which NIRS parameter (oxygenated [O2Hb] or deoxygenated [HHb] hemoglobin) better reflects systemic behavior determined from ventilation (VE).
Thirteen physically active participants (4 females, 9 males; mean age: 26.3 ± 4.4 years, height: 176.0 ± 10.3 cm, weight: 71.9 ± 9.3 kg) were included in the study. VE and NIRS data from a major locomotor muscle (vastus lateralis) during a step-incremental single leg cycle ergometer test were recorded. We used a custom MATLAB script to fit piecewise linear continuous functions by regression to estimate NIRS and VE thresholds. We used two distinct segments for NIRS data and three distinct segments for VE data. NIRS thresholds were defined as the point of intersection of the two segments in O2Hb and HHb signals, respectively. The ventilatory threshold was defined as the second increase in VE. We used a resampling strategy to reduce the impact of outliers or peculiar data distributions on threshold estimates.
Thresholds from O2Hb and HHb in the active leg and VE were observed at 78.24%, 76.37%, and 84.15% of the maximum power achieved. Both O2Hb (r = .85, p < .001) and HHb (r = .75, p = .0051) thresholds were significantly correlated, but mean values were significantly different (p < .05) from the respiratory compensation point (RCP) mean value. Correlations between O2Hb and HHb values from the passive leg and the RCP values were in the same range (r = .88, p < .001 and r = .79, p = .0023, respectively). The results indicate that, based on the correlations, O2Hb is slightly closer related to the second ventilatory threshold compared to HHb.
The present study shows that thresholds from both NIRS parameters are closely related to the second ventilatory threshold which indicates a physiological relationship. However, thresholds cannot be used interchangeably as NIRS parameters derived from the working muscle appear earlier than systemic thresholds that demonstrate a delay in kinetics between the working muscle and the system.
References
Caen, K., Vermeire, K., Bourgois, J. G., & Boone, J. (2018). Exercise thresholds on trial: Are they really equivalent? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(6), 1277-1284. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001547
Perrey, S., Quaresima, V., & Ferrari, M. (2024). Muscle oximetry in sports science: An updated systematic review. Sports Medicine, 54, 975-996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01987-
Sex/gender differences in injury risk, types of injuries, and potential risk factors of adult recreational mountain-bikers in Tyrol
No full textIntroduction & Purpose
In Austria, 99% of fatally injured (Pocecco et al., 2022) and 81% of accidented mountain-bikers (Woyke et al., 2024) are males. However, these evident sex/gender differences in prevalence do not allow any conclusions to be drawn either about the risk of injury or about potential risk factors between the sex/genders.
Thus, the present study aimed to investigate possible sex/gender-specific differences in injury risk, types of injuries, and related potential risk factors in adult recreational mountain-bikers in Tyrol, Austria.
Methods
This retrospective survey was conducted in the surroundings of Innsbruck (Austria) in 2017-2019, involving randomly selected adult recreational mountain-bikers. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on injuries ever experienced during mountain-biking (MTB), including circumstances (e.g., skill level and risk-taking behaviour according to Ruedl et al. (2010), riding alone or in a group) related to the most severe injury.
Proportions were compared by χ2 tests.
Results
In total, 1,439 mountain-bikers (37.8 ± 14.3 years, 33.4% females) were interviewed, 486 (33.8%) of them suffering one or more injuries requiring medical attention. Men showed a higher injury risk compared to women (37.2% vs. 26.9%, p < .001) and injured males reported a higher number of injuries during MTB compared to their female counterpart (2.4 ± 2.4 vs. 1.7 ± 1.4, p < .001).
In general, concerning the most severe injury ever suffered during MTB, the most frequent injury types were fractures (28.4%), followed by open wounds (15.9%), contusions (14.5%), abrasions (12.0%), and ligament/muscle injuries (10.4%), showing sex/gender differences (p = .010). In particular, fractures were the most frequent injury type among male (32.7%), open wounds among female (20.3%) mountain-bikers.
Moreover, men reported higher MTB skills (p < .001) and higher risk-taking behaviour (72.8% vs. 50.5%, p < .001) at the time of the worst accident compared to women. Additionally, males were more likely to be biking alone on the day of the accident compared to females (30.1% vs. 15.0%, p = .007), who tended to ride in groups.
Discussion
Comparably to alpine skiing and snowboarding (Ruedl et al., 2010), men were found to exhibit a higher skill level and engage in riskier behaviour more frequently than women. In alpine skiing and snowboarding, these two factors are associated with higher speeds (Ruedl et al., 2010), which could be therefore also the reason for the higher injury risk and frequency of fractures among the surveyed male mountain-bikers. In the present study, fractures were the most common self-reported injury type with 28%, which seems comparable to 24% of fractures in the study by Woyke et al. (2024). Conversely, biking in a group, which was more common among women, apparently did not lead to a higher risk of injury due to possible peer pressure.
Conclusion
Results of this study found sex/gender differences in injury risk, types of injury, and related potential risk factors in recreational adult mountain-bikers which should be considered in future preventive measures. In particular, relevant information campaigns should address especially males. Moreover, future research comparing injured and non-injured recreational mountain-bikers should be conducted to confirm or reject the hypothesized risk factors.
References
Pocecco, E., Wafa, H., Burtscher, J., Paal, P., Plattner, P., Posch, M., & Ruedl, G. (2022). Mortality in recreational mountain-biking in the Austrian Alps: A retrospective study over 16 years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), Article 11965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911965
Ruedl, G., Pocecco, E., Sommersacher, R., Gatterer, H., Kopp, M., Nachbauer, W., & Burtscher, M. (2010). Factors associated with self-reported risk-taking behaviour on ski slopes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(3), 204-206. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.066779
Woyke, S., Hütter, A., Rugg, C., Tröger, W., Wallner, B., Ströhle, M., & Paal, P. (2024). Sex differences in mountain bike accidents in Austria from 2006 to 2018: A retrospective analysis. High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 25(1), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2023.008
Romance, algarabía, lengua y lenguaje en la prosa de santa Teresa de Jesús: Entre la ideología lingüística y la mística teología
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to show how the Spanish language is called in four texts of Teresa of Ávila (The Book of my Life, The Book of the Foundations, Interior Castle and The Way of Perfection) to create a relation between the Renaissance linguistic ideology and the religious thought of the time. The choice of this writer is due to two reasons. First, the combination of her religious knowledge and her metalinguistic and metadiscursive knowledge and, second, the fact that her close linguistic style is linked to the broad movement demanding the use of Spanish as literary language more important than Latin. For this, applying as far as possible some concepts from Coseriu, we take as an object of study some of the words analyzed for the same period by Cano Aguilar (2021), that is, romance, lengua and lenguaje, to which we add algarabía, since it is meaningful in the Teresian texts studied. The conclusions detail a network of interrelationships between linguistic ideology and religious ideology that can only be understood from the mystical-theological perspective from which the author\u27s writing production is positioned.El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar las formas de denominar la lengua española en cuatro textos de santa Teresa de Jesús (El libro de la vida, Las fundaciones, Las moradas del castillo interior y Camino de perfección) para relacionar la ideología lingüística renacentista con el pensamiento religioso de la época. La elección de esta escritora se debe, por un lado, a la combinación entre sus conocimientos religiosos y sus conocimientos metalingüísticos y metadiscursivos y, por otro lado, a que su cercano estilo lingüístico se vincula con el amplio movimiento de reivindicación del uso del castellano como lengua literaria más importante que el latín. Para ello, tomamos como objeto de estudio algunas de las palabras analizadas para la misma época por Cano Aguilar (2021), esto es, romance, lengua y lenguaje, a las que añadimos algarabía por ser significativa en los textos teresianos estudiados. Las conclusiones detallan una red de interrelaciones entre ideología lingüística e ideología religiosa que solo se puede entender desde la base místico-teológica desde la que se posiciona la producción escrituraria de la autora
La construcción ideológica del español como lengua común a través del columnismo lingüístico en España (siglos XIX y XX)
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the role of the press and, more specifically, on linguistic columnism as a key agent in the ideological construction of Spanish as a common language in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Spain. The glottopolitical approach allows us to analyse and connect the dissemination and elaboration of this ideologeme coinciding with key cultural and political sociohistorical moments in the Spanish-speaking world. It is well-known that the spread of language ideologies has a naturalizing effect, that is, ideologies acquire an appearance of inevitability and an objectification that often hides the restricted interests of certain social groups, generally hegemonic. In this sense, language columns are considered to be suitable texts for metalinguistic analysis, given that they not only bear witness to the debates present at different times regarding the Spanish language, in the particular case at hand, and other languages in contact, but they also implicitly disseminate an ideological stance on the conception of language and linguistic authority. These discourses reflect the discussions about changes in the language, support, resistance, and struggles for the meaning of words.Este trabajo se centra en la función de la prensa y, en concreto, en el columnismo lingüístico como agente clave en la construcción ideológica del español como lengua común en la España de los siglos XIX y XX. El acercamiento glotopolítico permite analizar y vincular la propagación y elaboración de este ideologema coincidiendo con momentos sociohistóricos culturales y políticos clave para la hispanofonía.
Es bien sabido que la difusión de las ideologías lingüísticas presenta un efecto naturalizador, es decir, estas adquieren una apariencia de inevitabilidad y una objetivación que oculta muchas veces los intereses restringidos de determinados grupos sociales, generalmente hegemónicos. En este sentido, se considera que las columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) son textos idóneos para el análisis metalingüístico, dado que no solo testimonian los debates presentes en diferentes épocas en torno a la lengua española, en el caso particular que nos ocupa, y otras lenguas en contacto, sino que además difunden de manera implícita una postura ideológica sobre la concepción de la lengua y la autoridad lingüística. En estos discursos se plasman las discusiones en torno a los cambios en la lengua, los apoyos, las resistencias y las luchas por los sentidos de las palabras
Representaciones del portugués en España (siglos XVI y XVII)
Get PDFThe paper studies the observations on the Portuguese language in a corpus of grammars of Castilian and apologetic treatises on this language published in the 16th and 17th centuries, for which analysis parameters have been determined. The results, as far as the grammaticography of Castilian is concerned, reveal the little importance given to Portuguese as a reference language for the description of Spanish, as well as a consideration of this language as subordinate to Castilian. As far as the apologetic treatises are concerned, there are also few references to Portuguese. Where Portuguese is mentioned, two approaches can be identified: i) the identification of Portuguese as a dialect of Castilian; ii) the defence of these as different languages.
El trabajo estudia las observaciones sobre la lengua portuguesa en un corpus de gramáticas del castellano y de tratados apologéticos sobre esta lengua publicados en los siglos XVI y XVII, para lo cual se han determinado parámetros de análisis. Los resultados, por lo que se refiere a la gramaticografía del castellano, revelan la poca importancia dada al portugués, como lengua de referencia para la descripción del castellano, así como una consideración de esta lengua como subalterna del castellano. Por lo que se refiere a los tratados apologéticos, se detectan también escasas alusiones al portugués. En las que se menciona esta lengua, se identifican dos enfoques: i) la identificación del portugués como dialecto del castellano; ii) la defensa que de estas constituyen lenguas diferentes
Regionalsprachliche Grenzen im Hörerurteil: Eine Perzeptionsstudie zum ostfränkisch-nordbairischen Übergangsgebiet
Get PDFThis study deals with the perception of areal language structures by linguistic laypersons and is thus to be located in the field of perceptual dialectology. The central object of perceptual linguistic studies are listeners’ judgments, understood in the broadest sense as linguistic knowledge-based comments about language, speakers, or linguistic phenomena. Although perceputal dialectology has increasingly become a main topic in German linguistics in recent years, the spatial distribution areas of modern German regional languages are known in very few cases. The area under investigation in this study is the East Franconian-North Bavarian transitional area around the city of Nuremburg. Linguistically, this is a mixed area with elements of the East Franconian and the North Bavarian dialects. In the public perception, however, this area is usually perceived as belonging to (East) Franconian, which is reinforced by its political affiliation with the administrative district of Middle Franconia.
By means of a perception test and a mental map task, the language border between East Franconian and North Baviarian is scrutinized from the perspective of linguistic laypersons. The results of both tests show that the two neighboring regional language systems are conceputalized as distinct entities and are perceptually distinct even in the supraregionally orientated, near-standard ways of speech. The results also prove that perceptual tests are a reliable method for exploring regional language borders from the listeners’ point of view and allow valid statements about the dynamics of regional language areas
Korpora im DaF-Unterricht: Einsatz im Schulbereich
Get PDFCorpora are electronic resources that students can use – in the context of data-driven learning – to explore language and clear up any linguistic uncertainties, by searching, for example, for frequent co-occurrences and collocations through a search query. Corpora serve as input factors (cf. Fandrych/Tschirner 2007) that draw the learners’ attention to recurring linguistic patterns (cf. Drumbl 2011: 67) and promote autonomous and explorative learning. This process also enables the development of language awareness (cf. Boulton 2010), which is a key element of multilingual competence (cf. Jessner 2008). The use of corpora is increasingly being integrated into university foreign language teaching but remains rather unknown in the school sector to date. This article explores how corpora could be used in schools and the extent to which students could work with them autonomously to improve their language skills and develop, over time, multilingual competence. To answer this question, a project carried out in an Italian high school specialized in the study of foreign languages (Liceo Linguistico) is examined and presented. The project took place in 2021 and required students to undertake several corpus analysis tasks
Data sources:
BORIS Portal Bern Open Repository and I...BAF-Online: Proceedings of the Berner Al...HASBonline – Hefte zur Archäologie des M...Informationswissenschaft: Theorie, Metho...Jahrbuch Diakonie SchweizJournal of Eye Movement ResearchJournal of Radiation Oncology Informatic...
BOP SerialsVersants. Revista suiza de literaturas r...BORIS Theses
BOP SerialsVersants. Revista suiza de literaturas r...BORIS ThesesAccess Repository Dashboard
Do you manage BOP Serials? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!