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Advancing school education: A proposal for modernizing the school subject “Physical Education” for today’s needs
No full textIndividual behavior is considered the most significant determinant of health (GoInvo, 2017). There are six primary lifestyle factors—physical activity (PA), diet, substance use, sleep, stress, and relationships—that collectively contribute to a holistic concept of health and well-being (American College of Lifestyle Medicine, n.d.). Evidence shows that the widespread adoption of unhealthy lifestyle habits is associated with contemporary changes in children’s phenotypes, making them more vulnerable to chronic health issues that can persist into adulthood (Hruby & Hu, 2015). This is linked to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, which has risen dramatically from 8% in 1990 to 20% in 2022 (World Health Organization, 2024).
Educational settings provide an ideal environment for developing lifelong healthy habits, as the cultivation of such habits requires prolonged commitment. Physical education (PE) is a school-based subject with the potential to promote an active lifestyle; however, concerns persist regarding its adequacy and effectiveness in other aspects of health promotion (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2014). This perspective study discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of modernizing PE curriculum, including its implications for public health policy.
Methods
We conducted a concise overview of the literature for this perspective study, highlighting school-based health programs and identifying key advocative approaches, with the aim of providing foundational insights for the present health-policy proposal.
Results
From a holistic perspective, we propose that PE should evolve into lifestyle education (LE), aiming to integrate all six factors of lifestyle medicine within the educational framework. Through the LE approach, children and adolescents can acquire a comprehensive package of health-related knowledge, skills, and competencies that extend beyond PA and encompass all lifestyle components. However, transitioning from PE to LE may impact the structure of the curricula and necessitate stablishing a supplementary curriculum titled sport education (SE), aiming to enhance students’ sport-related skills such as teamwork, leadership, resilience, and strategic thinking, while also promoting abilities in stress management, concentration, and emotional regulation. To effectively transition from PE to LE and SE, educational authorities and policymakers must provide comprehensive demonstrations outlining vision, mission, goals, roles, and detailed guidelines tailored to diverse school levels and student demographics, considering factors such as gender, BMI, (dis)abilities, and socioeconomic status.
Conclusion
Establishing school-based LE appears crucial for addressing the growing pandemic of chronic health conditions from their earliest origins. Alongside its direct effects of individual health, LE also appears to be beneficial in promoting children’s social and cognitive growth, optimizing their academic performance, and increasing the likelihood of their future occupational success. Therefore, implementing LE is crucial before expecting children and adolescents to adhere to the existing health-related recommendations.
References
American College of Lifestyle Medicine. (n.d.). What is lifestyle medicine? https://lifestylemedicine.org/
GoInvo. (2017). Determinants of health. https://www.goinvo.com/vision/determinants-of-health/
Hruby, A., & Hu, F. B. (2015). The epidemiology of obesity: A big picture. Pharmacoeconomics, 33, 673-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2014). World-wide survey of school physical education: Final report 2013. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000229335
World Health Organization. (2024). Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweigh
Persistencia (y asistematicidad) ideológica en la lexicografía académica 23.6
Get PDFBased on the comparison between the 23rd edition of the Diccionario de la Lengua Española and its updated version of 2022 (23.6), the present study is a revision work focused on verifying whether, after two editions and six updates of DRAE or DLE, the revision and correction work carried out for almost two decades with the aim of suppressing or mitigating the various ideological features present in the academic microstructure have been fruitful or not, and whether they have been carried out with the expected systematicity in a context in which digital lexicography has considerably facilitated this type of task.A partir de la comparativa entre la 23.ª edición del Diccionario de la Lengua Española y su versión actualizada de 2022 (la 23.6), el presente estudio se plantea como un trabajo de revisión centrado en comprobar si, tras dos ediciones y seis actualizaciones del DRAE o DLE, los trabajos de revisión y corrección efectuados desde hace casi dos décadas con el objetivo suprimir o mitigar los diversos sesgos ideológicos presentes en la microestructura académica han dado o no fruto y si se han llevado a cabo con la sistematicidad esperable en un contexto en el que la lexicografía digital ha facilitado considerablemente este tipo de tareas
La prensa española decimonónica como red dialogal de textos y vehículo de ideologías lingüísticas
Get PDFIn the 19th century, mainly, from the second half of the century, the Spanish press became a privileged medium for intellectuals, scholars, teachers, and other prominent figures of the time, who made significant efforts to fill the pages of numerous newspapers, dailies, and magazines circulating in our country. Although not always with identical intentions, we are dealing with a group of individuals who either possess expertise in their writing or promote an atmosphere of participation and dialogue with more or less extensive social groups. This turned the medium into a dialogic network of texts in which these authors served as starting points for various processes of ideological discourse on a wide range of topics. Notably, the growing interest in attitudes toward language and its teaching became prominent as the century progressed. At times, these language enthusiasts presented their ideas without explicit reference to other authorities, while in other instances, they relied on sources that supported and legitimized their linguistic ideas. In either case, their ideological positions were not only influenced by the works or authors used as references but also by the selective or reinterpretation of texts.
This work aims to analyze this dual aspect of the nineteenth-century press: its configuration as a complex network of texts of various natures and its powerful role as a vehicle for linguistic ideologies. This was done either in the service of the weak in their advocacy efforts, whether individual or collective, or alongside the powerful in shaping collective consciousness or enforcing and disseminating obligations, in order to provide a provisional characterization of some of the most unique ideological prototypes found in the pages of these periodical publications and to demonstrate the relevance, pertinence, and circulation of the sources cited, as well as their relationships with the linguistic ideas within the periodical text.En el siglo XIX (fundamentalmente, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo), la prensa escrita española se convierte en un medio privilegiado para intelectuales, eruditos, maestros y otras figuras de la época, que realizan grandes esfuerzos por llenar de contenidos las páginas de los numerosos periódicos, diarios y revistas que circulan por nuestro país. Aunque no siempre con idénticas intenciones, estamos ante un grupo de individuos que saben de lo que escriben o favorecen ambientes de participación y diálogo con grupos sociales más o menos amplios, convirtiendo el medio en una red dialogal de textos en el que estos autores se constituyen en puntos de partida de determinados procesos de ideologización sobre muy diversos temas de interés, de entre los cuales destaca el creciente interés por las actitudes hacia la lengua y su enseñanza a medida que avanza la centuria. En ocasiones, estos hablistas presentan sus ideas sin la mención explícita a otras autoridades; en otras, se apoyan en fuentes que coadyuvan a justificar y legitimar sus ideas lingüísticas. En cualquiera de los casos, sus posiciones ideológicas no solo vienen marcadas por las obras o autores utilizadas como canon, sino también por la interesada selección o (re)interpretación de los textos.
Este trabajo pretende analizar esa doble vertiente de la prensa decimonónica, la de su configuración como una compleja red de textos de muy diversa naturaleza y la de su poderoso papel como vehículo de ideologías lingüísticas, ya sea al servicio de los débiles en sus acciones reivindicativas (individuales o colectivas), ya sea al lado de los poderosos en la creación de una conciencia colectiva o la coacción y difusión de obligaciones, con el objeto de llevar a cabo una caracterización provisional de algunos de los prototipos ideológicos más singulares que pululan por las páginas de estas publicaciones periódicas, así como evidenciar la vigencia, pertinencia y circulación de las fuentes a las que se aduce y las relaciones que mantienen con las ideas lingüísticas del texto periódico
Le SCULTURE DEL COMPLESSO MONUMENTALE DI VIA DELLE TERME A PORTO TORRES - TURRIS LIBISONIS (SARDEGNA, ITALIA)
Get PDFThe monumental complex on via delle Terme was uncovered between 2006 and 2010 in Porto Torres, ancient Turris Libisonis, but subsequently only brief reports were published about it by the discoverers. For the first time, this study takes a comprehensive look at the notable marble sculptures found there, to finally place them within the context of research on their respective classes of materials. After a summary of the uncovered structures, the study of the architectural decoration follows initially, through which it is possible to chronologically frame the construction of the complex with considerable precision. The analysis then continues with the statues: two cuirassed torsos and a figure of Hercules. The pieces are meticulously related to their respective typological series and, with detailed reasoning, an attribution to a specific iconography is proposed for the statue of Hercules, together with the recognition of specific principes for the two cuirassed torsos. For this purpose, new and old findings are linked together, leading to the probable identification of a gallery of imperial statues, the only one in the Roman province of Sardinia to have been augmented with further dedications over a long period, at least from the Claudian period to the late Antonine age, possibly in close relation to a monument of the imperial cultIl monumentale complesso di via delle Terme è stato messo in luce tra il 2006 e il 2010 a Porto Torres, antica Turris Libisonis, ma successivamente solo brevi saggi sono stati pubblicati al riguardo da parte degli scopritori. Si affronta qui per la prima volta uno studio frontale delle notevoli sculture in marmo rinvenute, per inserirle finalmente nel contesto della ricerca sulle rispettive classi di materiali. Ad una sintesi sulle strutture messe in luce segue inizialmente lo studio della decorazione architettonica, grazie al quale è possibile inquadrare cronologicamente in maniera abbastanza precisa la costruzione del complesso. Si prosegue poi con l’analisi delle statue: due torsi loricati e una figura di Ercole. I pezzi vengono puntualmente riferiti alle rispettive seriazioni tipologiche e, con motivazioni dettagliate, si propone sia l’attribuzione ad una specifica iconografia nel caso della statua di Ercole, sia il riconoscimento di specifici principes nel caso dei due loricati. Vengono allo scopo ricollegati fra loro nuovi e vecchi ritrovamenti, arrivando così a definire la probabile presenza di una galleria di statue imperiali, l’unica della provincia romana della Sardegna ad essere stata incrementata con ulteriori dediche nel lungo periodo, almeno dal periodo claudio all’età antonina avanzata, forse in stretto rapporto con un monumento del culto imperiale
Intelligent standalone eye blinking monitoring system for computer users
Get PDFPurpose: Working on computers for long hours has become a regular task for millions of people around the world. This has led to the increase of eye and vision issues related to prolonged computer use, known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). A main contributor to CVS caused by dry eyes is the reduction of blinking rates. In this pilot study, an intelligent, standalone eye blinking monitoring system to promote healthier blinking behaviors for computer users was developed using components that are affordable and easily available in the market.
Methods: The developed eye blinking monitoring system used a camera to track blinking rates and operated audible, visual and tactile alarm modes to induce blinks. The hypothesis in this study is that the developed eye blinking monitoring system would increase eye blinks for a computer user. To test this hypothesis, the developed system was evaluated on 20 subjects.
Results: The eye blinking monitoring system detected blinks with high accuracy (95.9%). The observed spontaneous eye blinking rate was 43.1 ± 14.7 blinks/min (mean ± standard deviation). Eye blinking rates significantly decreased when the subjects were watching movie trailers (25.2 ± 11.9 blinks/min; Wilcoxon signed rank test; p<0.001) and reading articles (24.2 ± 12.1 blinks/min; p<0.001) on a computer. The blinking monitoring system with the alarm function turned on showed an increase in blinking rates (28.2 ± 12.1 blinks/min) compared to blinking rates without the alarm function (25.2 ± 11.9 blinks/min; p=0.09; Cohen’s effect size d=0.25) when the subjects were watching movie trailers.
Conclusions: The developed blinking monitoring system was able to detect blinking with high accuracy and induce blinking with a personalized alarm function. Further work is needed to refine the study design and evaluate the clinical impact of the system. This work is an advancement towards the development of a profound technological solution for preventing CVS
De lugares, memorias, búsquedas e interlocuto res: Carmen Martín Gaite y Paloma Díaz-Mas
Get PDFLa infancia es una etapa determinante en todo ser humano y, en el caso de las autoras estudiadas en este artículo, tuvo un papel fundamental en su formación de escritoras. Desde la perspectiva del yo, las dos indagan en motivos y obsesiones que marcaron su niñez y juventud y, posteriormente, configuraron la temática de sus obras. Rasgos autobiográficos y fantasía se entretejen y, desde el recuerdo, construyen un retrato individual y colectivo
Libertà e scrittura nella Milano del 1798. Il «Quadro politico» di Melchiorre Gioia
Get PDFCon il Quadro politico di Milano, nella primavera del 1798, Melchiorre Gioia si affermò come voce dissidente di primo piano in un momento cruciale della Prima Cisalpina, restituendo lo stato di crisi in atto della recente esperienza repubblicana. Il saggio ricostruisce la storia del pamphlet gioiano col soccorso della documentazione d’archivio di cui oggi si dispone, e rileva diversi punti di tangenza tra la critica del piacentino e il biasimo espresso da Foscolo e Monti verso quella stagione
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