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Exploring multi-level factors determining social participation of students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive physical education classes
No full textIntroduction The UN CRPD aims at effective participation of students with disabilities (SwD) in education (Art. 24). Reality of inclusive physical education (IPE) is different, however. In specific, social participation (SP) – a construct comprising of contacts, friendships, self-perception and acceptance (Koster et al., 2009) – has yet not been accomplished. Schluchter et al. (2024), observed that students with intellectual disabilities (SwID) show lower levels of SP, with fewer friendships, less engagement in social interactions and reduced peer acceptance compared to their non-disabled classmates. Apparently, the potential of sport for promoting SP is not a self-mechanism but is determined by factors at the individual level (e.g., athletic ability) and the class level (e.g., teachers’ competences, class climate). Although there is lively research on SP in educational contextes, the state of research lacks studies specific on IPE and determining factors. To fill this gap, this study analyses SP of SwID in IPE and its relevant factors at student and class level.
Methods The study was conducted in 104 inclusive classes (3th to 6th grade) with at least one SwID in 13 cantons in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The sample comprises of a total of n=1.884 students of whom n=132 with ID and corresponding n=104 PE class teachers. A student’s and a teacher’s questionnaire, specifically designed for SwID, were applied. Both questionnaires were compiled of approved instruments. Multi-level-modelling (MLM) was applied to analyse the data, as it enables analysing nested data structure considering variables both at individual student’s level (L1) and variables at class level (L2). MLM was build up with SP (global value) as dependent variable and individual variables (L1) and class and teacher variables (L2) as predicting factors.
Results SwID show a significant lower level of (SP) compared to their non-disabled PE classmates. MLM uncovered that for individual variables (L1), students without ID, higher uninhibited and skilled psychomotor skills, higher social behaviour, and sport club participation show significantly higher levels of SP. For class-related variables (L2), MLM discovered that a positive class climate promotes the students’ SP. Furthermore, cross-level-effects revealed that SwID benefit in particular from a favourable class climate and teacher’s cooperation with a SEN teacher. Applying MLM is appriorate (ICC = 12.6%) and overall model fit is good with R2 increasing from the empty model (R2=.127) up to the overall modell (R2=.353).
Discussion/Conclusion
Assuming that not the SwID, but the education system has to adapt its structures for effective participation of all students, focus for enhancing SP for teacher training should be on class-related variables, in particular how to develop a positive class climate.
References
Koster, M., Nakken, H., Pijl, S. J., & van Houten, E. (2009). Being part of the peer group: A literature study focusing on the social dimension of inclusion in education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110701284680
Schluchter, T., Nagel, S., Valkanover, S., & Eckhart, M. (2024). Soziale Partizipation im Sportunterricht – Theoretische und empirische Annäherung an das Konstrukt bei Kindern mit und ohne kognitive Beeinträchtigung. VHNplus, 93, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2378/vhn2024.art34
Longitudinal performance trajectories for youth female and male soccer players: 10m-sprint percentile curves adapted to biological age
No full textIntroduction Longitudinal performance monitoring is essential in sport science for accurate talent identification and forecasting future performance. The present study applied linear mixed-effects models (LMM) to analyze the longitudinal performance development of youth soccer players, both female and male. In addition to percentile curves based on chronological age, a novel approach incorporating biological age, which accounts for maturation variability during puberty, is introduced. The incorporation of biological age, as compared to chronological age, is intended to enable a more equitable assessment of physical potential and to reduce selection bias. The goal was to create an evidence-based tool for coaches and researchers to establish realistic benchmarks, model predictions, a support athlete development.
Methods A total of 33’647 10-meter sprint test results were analyzed, derived from 11’752 male and female soccer players (f = 1’112; m = 10’640) aged 9 to 20 years. To estimate biological age, the Mirwald test was used, with 18’748 measurements utilized for the analysis. These data were extracted from the Swiss Football Association’s online database, covering the period from 2014, respectively 2019 to 2024. LMM were utilized to generate performance trajectories, establish benchmarks, and produce individualized performance predictions. A practical software tool, developed as a Web-Application, was created and made accessible to facilitate individual performance forecasting based on 10-meter sprint times from previous seasons.
Results The mixed model approach identified individualized longitudinal performance developments and estimated predictions of future performance based on both chronological and biological age. Percentile curves based on chronological and biological age were developed, differences could be shown and trajectories for early and late developers were established. A Web-Application tool was created and can be used on the soccer pitch to evaluate current and predict future performance.
Discussion/Conclusion LMM were utilized to analyze longitudinal sport performance data, enabling the establishment of performance benchmarks and the prediction of future outcomes. By incorporating biological age into the model, the predictions account for individual differences in maturation, enhancing accuracy during critical developmental stages such as puberty. A software tool was developed to support coaches in setting realistic training goals and identifying promising soccer players, providing a more tailored and maturity-sensitive approach to athlete development and identification
Inter-session Reliability of Magnetic Nerve Stimulation and Within-Session comparison to Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Evaluating Neuromuscular Function of Knee Extensor Muscles
No full textIntroduction Quantifying neural activation is crucial for evaluating rehabilitation progress and adaptations following resistance training. A commonly used method for assessing voluntary activation (VA) is the Interpolated Twitch Technique with electrical nerve stimulation (ENS). However, this method is often associated with discomfort, limiting its applicability in sensitive populations such as children or patients (Shield & Zhou, 2004). Magnetic nerve stimulation (MNS) offers a painless and promising alternative, but its validity and reliability remain insufficiently established (Verges et al., 2009). This study aims to address this gap by comparing ENS and MNS and assessing the reliability of MNS across sessions.
Methods This study compares ENS to MNS (validity) and evaluates inter-session reliability in sixteen healthy young adults (11 females, 5 males). Data on resting single twitches (RS), 3-5 superimposed twitches (ST) during maximal voluntary contractions of knee extensors, and resting doublet twitches (RD) were assessed using both MNS and ENS. Discomfort was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Intraclass correlation (ICC), Coefficient of variation (CV) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to assess measurement precision.
Results There was strong agreement between MNS and ENS for RS, RD and VA (ICC=0.77-0.88). Accuracy was confirmed, with MAPE values of 4.4% for VA and 9.5% for RD. The inter-session reliability of MNS was good across all parameters (ICC = 0.78–0.95) with low CV for VA (4.9%) but high CV for RS, RD and ST (61.7%, 28.9%, 82%). Discomfort ratings were significantly lower for MNS (VAS = 1.0 ± 0.9) compared to ENS (VAS = 1.8 ± 1.2).
Discussion/Conclusion This study demonstrates that MNS is a valid, reliable, and minimally discomforting alternative to ENS for assessing VA in knee extensor muscles. The use of a positioning arm in our methodology likely enhanced precision within sessions. However, individual twitch measurements varied between methods and sessions, warranting caution when interpreting absolute values. Given its minimal discomfort, MNS is especially suited for studying neuromuscular adaptations in vulnerable populations and should be widely adopted.
References
Shield, A., & Zhou, S. (2004). Assessing voluntary muscle activation with the twitch interpolation technique. Sports Medicine, 34(4), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434040-00005
Verges, S., Maffiuletti, N. A., Kerherve, H., Decorte, N., Wuyam, B., & Millet, G. Y. (2009). Comparison of electrical and magnetic stimulations to assess quadriceps muscle function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(2), 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01051.200
Narratives of swiss football players about talent - and positive youth development: The role of social agents and agency.
No full textIntroduction Recent calls emphasize integrating the literature on positive youth development (PYD) and talent development (e.g. Holt & McDonough, 2024). Both highlight the critical role of proximal social agents within the family (parents, siblings) and the sport subsystem (coaches, peers; Dorsch et al., 2022) while advocating for relational-developmental systems (RDS; Overton, 2015) as a guiding theoretical framework. Central to this framework is the shift from static, one-size-fits-all approaches to a dynamic, idiographic perspective where intertwined relationships between athletes and their social environments influence each other over time. Despite this shift, analyses applying such frameworks in football remain scarce (Verbeek et al., 2023). Through the RDS lens, this study aims to explore the developmental pathways of football athletes by reconstructing how they were shaped by—and actively shaped—their environments from childhood to early adulthood. Specifically, it examines how dynamic interactions with social agents facilitated or hindered their football career and PYD.
Methods This study builds on a longitudinal quantitative investigation that tracked 109 Swiss elite youth football players born in 1999 throughout their developmental journeys. To gain deeper understanding of individual developmental pathways, a qualitative narrative approach was adopted. While data collection is ongoing, semi-structured interviews, guided by a timelining approach, will be conducted with 20 players: 10 who transitioned to professional careers and 10 who opted out or dropped out. Interviews focus on athletes’ perceptions of their proximal social agents reflecting on significant experiences, key relationships, and perceived developmental outcomes. To facilitate further discussion, players will review and reflect on selected data from their earlier developmental assessments. Interviews will be analyzed using a narrative life story approach.
Results Preliminary findings will be presented, showcasing the diverse and individualized developmental pathways of swiss football players. These findings provide insights into how athletes perceive and navigate relationships with proximal social agents, such as parents, coaches, peers, and siblings, and how they actively shape their own careers. Emerging themes highlight the dynamic interplay between social support and personal agency in talent development. These insights aim to inform practical strategies for coaches, parents, and policymakers seeking to optimize talent development pathways in youth soccer.
References
Dorsch, T. E., Smith, A. L., Blazo, J. A., Coakley, J., Côté, J., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Warner, S., & King, M. Q. (2022). Toward an integrated understanding of the youth sport system. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 93(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1810847
Holt, N. L., & McDonough, M. H. (2024). Positive youth development through sport (3rd ed.). International Studies in Physical Education and Youth Sport. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003395867
Overton, W. F. (2015). Processes, relations, and relational-developmental-systems. In W. F. Overton, P. C. M. Molenaar, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Theory and method (pp. 9–62). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy102
Verbeek, J., van der Steen, S., van Yperen, N. W., & Den Hartigh, R. J. R. (2023). What do we currently know about the development of talent? A systematic review in the soccer context. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2023.228387
Self-Assessments als Instrument zur Leistungsdiagnostik und evidenzbasierten Weiterentwicklung der Qualität im Lehramtsstudium der Sozialwissenschaften
No full textDer Beitrag thematisiert die Implementation eines kombinierten Self-Assessment-Verfahrens in der universitären Lehrkräftebildung im Fach der Sozialwissenschaften. Unter Einsatz eines standardisierten Testinstruments werden im Rahmen einer Leistungsdiagnostik sowohl das Professionswissen von Lehramtsstudierenden als auch ihre Einschätzungen des eigenen Wissensstandes erhoben. Am Beispiel der Ergebnisse einer Teilstudie werden Potenziale und Herausforderungen dieses multiperspektivischen Self-Assessment-Verfahrens für die evidenzbasierte Qualitätssicherung und Qualitätsentwicklung des Lehramtsstudiums aufgezeigt
Coping von Lehramtsstudierenden im Lehrberuf – eine personale Ressource für die Bewältigung der Doppelrolle?
No full textAufgrund des Lehrer:innenmangels steigen Lehramtsstudierende zunehmend begleitend zum Studium in den Lehrberuf ein. Personale Ressourcen sind in dieser anforderungsreichen Situation von Bedeutung. Auf der Basis einer Stichprobe von 296 österreichischen Studierenden in der Doppelrolle wurde mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen überprüft, inwieweit Coping, das als personale Ressource betrachtet wird, mit der emotionalen Erschöpfung und dem Engagement in Beziehung steht. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass das problemorientierte annähernde Coping mit einer geringeren emotionalen Erschöpfung im Beruf und einem höheren Engagement im Studium in Verbindung steht. Das emotionsorientierte annähernde Coping korreliert positiv mit der emotionalen Erschöpfung im Beruf. Für das vermeidende Coping zeigten sich keine Zusammenhänge. Problemorientierte annähernde Copingstrategien stellen eine bedeutsame Ressource in der frühen Berufseinstiegsphase dar und sollten als fester Bestandteil in die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen integriert sein
In Pindari Scholia adversaria
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to shed new light on the textual constitution of 77 passages of the scholia to Pindar’s Nemean and Isthmian Odes. For almost every passage a new textual arrangement is proposed.Статья призвана пролить новый свет на состояние текста в 77 пассажах схолиев к Немейским и Истмийским одам Пиндара. Практически во всех случаях предлагается новое чтение
The visible dead: dolmens and the landscape in Early Bronze Age Jordan
No full textOverview:Dolmens are usually described as part of a regional megalithic phenomenon that spanned the 5th-2nd millennia BC. However, this presentation assumes that most ‘dolmens’ are mis-identified. When strictly defined, dolmens better reflect a local funerary tradition of the 4th millennium BC.Definitions:The term dolmen includes a variety of features whose only similarity is their use of large stone slabs. This presentation defines a dolmen as a freestanding,rectangular chamber formed by two upright orthostats along each long side, and a single roof slab over the top. Dolmens have often been conflated with cairns. This presentation defines a cairn as a large pile of small stones. Such features may have contained a low, cist burial chamber; others may simply be piles of field clearance.Distribution:Dolmens, as defined above, concentrate within a limited area of the east rift escarpment of the Jordan Valley, consistent with a local funerary tradition.Chronology: Recent dolmen excavations have yielded assemblages that date exclusively to the EB I (c.3700-3000 BC). This talk examines the close spatial relationship between dolmens and EB I settlement sites in a discrete geographical zone
Polymorphic iconography common influences or individual features in the Near Eastern perspective
Full text linkTopic: polymorphic iconography in Egyptian religious iconography - special and separate types of mixed, theriomorphic and combined images / icons / forms, always with animal heads, double pairs of wings, phallus, and other magical symbols. Archaeological evidence: images appear on small size flat amulets, papyri fragments (also serving as amulets), bronze statuettes and magical healing statues. Textual evidence: lack of distinctive proper names Place: Egypt, without special area of provenance Date: Late Period (7th – 4th centuries BC), Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (from 4th century BC) Important terms:Pantheistic as an idea of all-embracing god (Pantheos)ba as an emanation / form / manifestation of a god, significantly associated with the image of the god. The animals were ba of gods.bau - strength, power, good and bad at the same time, affecting the whole world, and humans in particular. With the help of magic bau can be manipulated, to ensure people health and success. DeitesBes – Egyptian god – demon, present in magical context, protector of maternity, life, music, safety, with strong solar interpretation, often depicted as a dwarfTutu (Tithoes) – popular especially as Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt deity; main role was to repel negative powers and to protect people in danger; depicted as sphinx with mixed animal and magical attributesLamashtu – female Mesopotamian goddess / demon, who preys on mothers and children, depicted in magical context with animal elementsPazuzu – male Babylonian and Assyrian demonic god with rather beneficent, magical role, depicted with animal elementsNine–Shaped (Enneamorfos) – figure present in written Greek Magical Papyri, defined as composed of nine forms, especially of animal origin with magic function and Egyptian genesis Key problem: distribution of polymorphic iconography in other cultures, parallels, influences on the visual level (codification of symbols) and also on the ideological level (magical activity hidden / symbolised in a representation) Question of the talk: to define potential influences in the Near Eastern perspective - is the polymorphic idea specific to one culture or common to all ancient religious thinking about deities
Orient as an Inspiration. Archaeology of Ancient Near East in “Academic” Paintings
Full text linkKey definitions
Academic art (academism) – style in painting, sculpture, graphic and other visual arts connected with activities of European academies of fine arts in 19 th century. The main centres were Paris, London. Rome, Madrid, Munich, Vienna and Petersburg. Classical themes and techniques, apparently conservative, but opening way to the modern artistic style.
Orientalism in visual arts - style in European painting, sculpture, graphic and architecture inspired by oriental cultures, visible from the end of Eighteenth and all Nineteenth centuries.
Persons (painters)
Lawrence Alma Tadema (1836-1912)
Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904)
Edwin Long (1829-1891)
Henryk Siemiradzki (1843-1902)
Paul / Paweł Merwart (1855-1902)
Ludwik Wiesiołowski (1854-1892)
Focus on:
Oriental artefact as detail
Oriental story as personalit
Data sources:
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