Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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A study on ground water quality of industrial area at Gajraula (U.P.), India
Get PDFThe present study aims to identify the ground water contamination problem in villages located in the close vicinity of Gajraula industrial area at Gajraula (U.P.), India. Ground water samples were collected from different villages at the depth of 40 and 120 feet from earth’s surface layer. Analytical techniques as described in the standard methods for examination of water and waste water were adopted for physico-chemical analysis of ground water samples and the results compared with the standards given by WHO and BIS guidelines for drinking water. Water quality index was calculated for quality standard of ground water for drinking purposes. The present investigation revealed that the water quality is moderately degraded due to high range of seven water quality parameters such as Temperature (18.33-32.36 0C), conductivity (925.45-1399.59 ?mho/cm), TDS (610.80-923.73 mgL-1), Alkalinity (260.17- 339.83 mgL-1), Ca-Hardness (129.68-181.17 mgL-1), Mg-Hardness (94.07-113.50 mgLÉ1) and COD (13.99-25.62 mgL-1). The water quality index (WQI) also indicated the all the water quality rating comes under the standard marginal values (45-64) i.e. water quality is frequently threatened or impaired and conditions usually depart from natural or desirable levels
Integrated nutrient management to enhance biochemical resistance in rice against sheath blight
Get PDFApplication of potassium either as recommended, deficient or excess dose, enhanced the level of phenolic contents, increased incubation period and thereby decreased the sheath blight severity. Application of nitrogen and phosphorous, either as recommended, deficient or excess dose resulted in reduction of phenolic content, shorter incubation period and thereby increasing the sheath blight severity. Recommended sulphur application, enhanced the phenolic contents, increased incubation period and thereby decreased the sheath blight severity. Recommended zinc application resulted in enhancement of phenolic contents, longer incubation period and thereby decreasing the sheath blight severity. Excess application of zinc, reduced the phenolic contents and incubation period but the severity of sheath blight was also lowered down. Recommended iron application (1.5 kg./ha) enhanced the phenolic contents and incubation period with a decreased level of sheath blight severity. Deficient and excess doses of iron also showed the similar trend of effect on phenolics, incubation period and sheath blight severity
Scenario of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil and its management
Get PDFSoil is a complex structure and contains mainly five major components i.e. mineral matter, water, air, organic matter and living organisms. The quantity of these components in the soil does not remain the same but varies with the locality. Soil possesses not only a nucleus position for existence of living being but also ensures their future existence. Therefore, it is essential to make an adequate land management to maintain the quality of soil in both rural and urban soil. The presence of different kinds of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Mn, Bi and Zn etc. in trace or in minimum level is a natural phenomenon but their enhanced level is an indicator of the degree of pollution load in that specific area. The precise knowledge of these kinds of heavy metals, their forms and their dependence on soil provides a genuine base for soil management. The heavy metals have potent cumulative properties and toxicity due to which they have a potential hazardous effect not only on crop plants but also on human health. The metal contaminants can be reduced by immobilization of contaminants using macrophytes and also by using genetically engineered microorganisms
Emergence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) producing Proteus in raw milk of Doon Valley
Get PDFThe present study deals with the determination of extended spectrum of ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Proteus in raw milk of Doon Valley. ESBL producing isolates were screened by double disc approximation test using commercially available ß-lactam (Piperacillin) and ß-lactam/ß-lactamase inhibitor combination (Piperacillin/ Tazobactam). All isolates of Proteus sp. were reported to resistant against Methicillin and were sensitive to Piperacillin, Cephotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Cefoperazone. This indicates that all the isolates were able to produce ß-lactamase in low and higher amount. This amount of ß-lactamase is inactivated by Tazobactam (ß-lactamase inhibitor) and the zone of inhibition with Piperacillin/Tazobactam combination was greater as compared to Piperacillin alone. There was a significant difference (>4 mm) in zone of inhibition was reported with Piperacillin and in combination of Piperacillin and Tazobactam. Hence, the overall emergence of ß-lactamase producing Proteus sp. in raw milk of Dehradun city was 100%, which is an alarming situation for public health and needs serious concern
Limnology of Surinsar lake, Jammu (J&K State): Part I- Protozoa
Get PDFZooplanktonic analysis of Surinsar lake, Jammu, during the year 2002-2004, has shown the presence of fifty one species of protozoans belonging to three classes viz. Sarcodina (32 spp), Ciliata (16 spp.) and Mastigophora (3 spp.). Quantitatively, during the year 2002-03, there was dominance of Sarcodina followed by Ciliata and Mastigophra. In the subsequent year viz. 2003-04, the order of quantitative dominance has been observed as Ciliata> Sarcodina and> Mastigophora. Coefficient of correlation(r) of protozoans with various physico-chemical parameters has generally shown insignificant results. The calculated value of ANOVA of various protozoan classes was significant and the means of various classes differed significantly among themselves indicating their significant contribution to total protozoan population
Adsorption efficiency of carbon from treated sugarcane bagasse in removing chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by optimization of adsorption parameters
Get PDFAdsorption is one of the effective techniques for removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater. In the present study, efforts have been made to develop adsorption technology for removing Chromium (Cr) VI from aqueous solutions by using sugarcane bagasse a waste which is left after taking out the juice. Activated carbon was prepared from waste sugarcane bagasse by chemical activation with orthophosphoric acid and burning for 3 hrs. Batch adsorption studies carried out showed that the adsorbent prepared from sugarcane bagasse has a significantcapacity in removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. Optimization of certain adsorption process factors i.e. pH, agitation time; adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration were also made
Neuromuscular systems in the fifth instar larva of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae): II- Abdominal musculature and its innervation
Get PDFThe gross organisation of abdominal musculature and its innervation by segmental ganglionic nerves were studied in the fifth instar larva of Bombyx mori. The musculature comprises dorsal, ventral and lateral groups of muscles, represented as external and internal layers. The dorsal group includes musculi dorsales interni mediales (DIM), musculi dorsales externi mediales (DEM), musculi dorsales interni laterals (DIL) and musculi dorsales externi laterales (DEL). The ventral group includes musculi ventrales interni mediales (VIM), musculi ventralesexterni mediales (VEM), musculi ventrales interni laterales (VIL) and musculi ventrales externi laterales (VEL). The lateral group is represented by musculi laterales interni (LI) and musculi laterales externi (LE). The abdominal muscles are innervated by the dorsal (DN) and ventral (VN) nerves of abdominal ganglia. The DN innervates ventral internal, lateral internal and both dorsal external and internal muscles, while the VN innervates ventral external and lateral muscles. The sensory branches of DN and VN innervate the bodywall in the dorsal and ventral regions respectively with a sort of overlapping in the lateral region. The neuromuscular integration and intersegmental coordination in the abdominal region is discussed with reference to locomotion in the silkworm larva
Cadmium induced histopathological changes in the stomach and small intestine of Swiss albino mice Mus musculus
Get PDFThe results on the effect of oral administration of cadmium chloride on the histomorphology of the stomach and small intestine of Swiss albino mice revealed severe histopathological effects in the tissues of both stomach and small intestine. There is marked atrophy of musculature, and disintegration of sub-mucosal and mucosal tissues, distortion of villi with disintegration of mucosal epithelial cells characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear pycnosis and nuclear fragmentation. A significant damage in the Brunner’s gland and crypts of Liberkuhn has been observed
The enigma of speech and language acquisition in human - A genetic approach
Get PDFThe use of language is one of the most vital traits that distinguish human from other species. The gene FOXP2 (fork head box P2) is relevant to the human ability to develop language. FOXP2 is situated on human chromosome 7q31, and its major splice form encodes a protein of 715 amino acids. It contains a glutamine rich region consisting of two adjacent polyglutamine tracts, encoded by mixtures of CAG and CAA repeats. Two functional copy of FOXP2 seem to be required for acquisition of normal language in human. The chimpanzee, gorilla and the rhesus macaque FOXP2 proteins are all identical to each other and carry only one difference from the mouse and two differences from the human protein, whereas the orangutan two differences from the mouse and three from humans. This gene is also important on particular aspects of cognition awareness or grammatical processing
Eco-dyeing of silk with Dhavdi flowers and its fastness evaluation
No full textThe present study is based on the process development for colouring of silk yarns with Dhavdi flowers using selected mordants to study its effects on colour fastness properties and optimization of different extraction conditions, duration and concentration for better dye and its shades. The results revealed that aqueous medium was suitable for extraction of dye from pink petals of Dhavdi flowers for one hour. The shades of midbuff, sand stone ,coffee and olive green brown were obtained by taking 4 g dried powder of dhavdi dye for dyeing 1 gram of silk material for 45 minutes. All the four mordants were found suitable for application on silk, 10 % of alum, 3 % of chrome, 2 % of copper sulphate and 3% ferrous sulphate were found to produce best shades on silk material. Post mordanting had resulted in darker shades in all the mordant. Simultaneous mordanting method was found best in case of chrome mordant. Excellent to outstanding fastness to sunlight was found in all mordanted samples. There was absolutely no staining in washed samples. Colour change was not found in the samples subjected to crocking in both dry and wet conditions except in case of ferrous mordanted samples,. The colour was stable as shown by their higher resistance towards acidic and alkaline perspiration. Hence, the dye obtained from Dhavdi flowers proved to be extremely good and can be recommended for dyeing silk fabric