Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Neuromuscular systems in the fifth instar larva of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae): I-Cephalothoracic musculature and its innervation
No full textThe cephalo-thoracic musculature of the fifth instar larva of Bombyx mori comprises distinct groups of segmental muscle bands arranged in a stereotyped pattern. It includes dorsal, ventral, tergopleural, tergocoxal, lateral intersegmental, pleurosternal, sternocoxal, pleurocoxal and spiracular muscles. The cephalothoracic segments are innervated by the nerves of brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SG) and three thoracic ganglia (TG1, TG2, TG3).The brain gives nerves for compound eyes, antennae, labrum, frontal ganglion and the integument in the head. The SG, TG1,TG2,and TG3 give out a pair of lateral segmental nerves each, called the dorsal (DN) and ventral (VN) nerves. The DN of SG innervates muscles in the cephalic region, while its VN innervates muscles in the prothorax. The DN of thoracic ganglia innervates muscles in the dorsal, lateral and ventral regions of the hemi-segment while the VN innervates muscles in the ventral region. The innervation pattern indicates the presence of mixed nerves and multiple innervations that facilitate coordinated body movements and locomotion
Black mildews on Goniothalamus species in Agasthyavanam National Park, Kerala, India
Get PDFThe present study indicated that Goniothalamus rhynchantherus and G. wightii were infected by three black mildew fungi, namely, Amazonia goniothalami, Irenopsis goniothalami and Trichasterina goniothalami. These fungi have been described and illustrated in detail
The eggshell morphology of Heterodoxus spiniger, infesting dog, Canis familiaris (Boopidae, Mallophaga)
Get PDFThe egg chorion of the dog louse Heterodoxus spiniger bears pentagonal / rectangular scutes (scale like sculpturing) arranged obliquely. The opercular disc of the egg bears tall cup shaped micropyles which unite to give ridge like appearance. The centre of the disc bears short thick rod like polar thread
Freshwater oligochaetes of India: A review
Get PDFThe present review deals with freshwater oligochaetes of India which records the presence of 102 species of freshwater oligochaetes belonging to 17 genera and 4 families. Besides this, a brief description of their global and Indian distribution has also been made along with their ecology, morphology of typical oligochaetes methods of their collection and preparation for taxonomic study has also been given. A thorough survey of various states is needed for the distribution of oligochaetes systematically
Ecological impact of coal mines on lichens: A case study at Moghla coal mines Kalakote (Rajouri), J&K
Get PDFThe data on the frequency, density and abundance of the lichens growing around the Moghla Coal mines, Kalakote has been recorded and compared with lichens growing in a forest area away from the coal mines to work out effect of coal mines on the diversity and distribution of lichens. The data revealed that pollutants released by the open coal mining activities not only effected qualitative distribution but also have effect on the quantitative parameters. Over all 10 species of lichens belonging to 9 genera and 6 families have been recorded from the vicinity of coal mines as compared to 15 species, belonging to 9 genera and 7 families, recorded from the forest area
Manurial value of byproducts of bio-diesel feed stocks on finger millet grain and dry fodder productivity
Get PDFA replicated field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Madenur located in Hassan District, Karnataka in rainy season during 2007 to assess the manurial value of by-products of bio-diesel feed stocks-pongamia and neem oil seed cakes vis-à-vis conventional plant nutrients sources (combination of farm yard manure and inorganic fertilizers) on the grain and fodder productivity of finger millet, the staple food cereal of southern Karnataka. Grain and dry fodder productivity of finger millet crop grown using pongamia and neem seedoil cakes is comparable to that grown using conventional plant nutrient sources. Application of plant nutrients only through pongamia and neem seed oil cakes resulted in higher available soil Nitrogen, Potassium and Organic Carbon contents
The genus Asterina and its anamorph on Elaeocarpus species in Southern Western ghats of peninsular India
Get PDFThe present study observed that the family Elaeocarpaceae comprises three genera: Elaeocarpus, Sloanea and Muntingia in India. Of these, Elaeocarpus munronii, E. serratus, E. tectorius and E. tuberculatus were found infected with Asterina gamsii, A. elaeocarpi var. ovalis, A. elaeocarpicola and Asterostomella elaeocarpi-serrati in the Southern Western Ghats of peninsular India. All these species are described and illustrated in detail
Premature harvesting of wild Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum, Baker) and its impact on raw material quality: A case of Katni forest division, Madhya Pradesh
Get PDFKatni is a major raw medicinal plant market of Central India. An attempt has been made to find out prevalent harvesting method of Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) and visual inspection of raw (dry) market samples collected from Katni market. Musli tubers were found adulterated both intentionally and unintentionally by various stakeholders in the market. The stakeholders adopted malpractices like selling similar looking C. tuberosum, C. arundinaceum species of musli along with genuine (C. borivilianum) material and occasionally dried roots of different species. Major reasons for poor quality in the study area are premature root harvesting, mis-identification of species, mixing of similar looking species etc. The study recommends that harvesting should be done after maturation (November) and awareness about species identification, processing among various stakeholders is required
Effect of some selected insecticides on the activity of invertase at different stages of pentatomid bug, Cyclopelta siccifolia W.
Get PDFThe invertase enzyme which has been reported to occur in the digestive tract of several insects is believed to be an important enzyme for digestion and utilization of sucrose by insects. In the present investigation the effect of different insecticides such as Endosulfan, Monocrotophos, Methomyl, Phosphomidon and Carbaryl on invertase activity has been carried out at different stages of Pentatomid bug Cyclopelta siccifolia W. with lethal concentrations of respective insecticides. The data revealed that maximum decrease in Invertase activity was detected with (45%) at 24 hours. In case of II instar nymphs the least activity was observed with Carbaryl and it was -75.20% at 24 hours. In IV instar nymphs endosulfan showed its supremacy by reducing the activity by -8.5% in comparison with control. The overall results revealed that the activity of invertase varies with different insecticide treatments and it has been concluded that least activity was recorded with Carbaryl at II instar stage compared to other insecticides
Antioxidant activity of fungi isolated from soil of different areas of Punjab,India
Get PDFThe study was carried outto investigate the antioxidant activity of fungi isolated from soil of different areas of Punjab, India and compare their efficiency with a known antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The antioxidant potential of fungal extracts was quantified by DPPH and reducing power assay. Total phenolic contents were estimated using Folins-Ciocalteau (FC) reagent. Out of 113 fungal isolates selected, 51 were having antioxidant potential and these were further assayed quantitatively. All of these showed good activity against DPPH radical while 32 of these isolates demonstrated reducing potential also. In addition, some were equally good as ascorbic acid. The present study demonstrated potential of soil fungi to have antioxidant activity similar to plants and mushrooms. High phenolic content of fungi further highlight their significance as new sources of natural antioxidants. These fungi may provide easier set up for production and purification of natural antioxidants as compared to higher plants